Even though peripheral heavy-ion collisions are less violent than their central counterparts, the large energy exchange between the reactants often leaves the primary products in excited particle-unstable states whose subsequent decay leads to 3 or more nuclei emerging in the final exit channel. These post-reaction, predominantly sequential de-excitation processes can sometimes provide interesting structural information about the parent nuclei. In fact, provided these processes are well understood, one can employ them as probes for studying initial properties of the fragments. This report discusses results of two experiments that deal with (1) nonstatistical, rare decay modes of the projectile, and (2) internal excitation energy of the projectile- and target-like fragments in peripheral collisions. The physics addressed in each is different, but the experimental and data-analysis techniques are so similar that it is relevant to join them together.

Experimental data for fragmentation in the reactions /sup 93/Nb = /sup 9/Be, /sup 12/C, and /sup 27/Al are presented. Data were obtained from the LBL BEVALAC (25 to 40 MeV/u), GSI Unilac (11 to 18 MeV/u) and LBL SuperHILAC. These measurements imply, that over a large range of bombarding energies, intermediate mass fragments are produced by the bineary decay of a compound nucleus-like system. At low bombarding energies, these systems are associated with a complete fusion reaction, whereas for the larger energies the initial system is formed in an incomplete fusion reaction. The data shows a smooth evolution from the lower energies, where the statistical emission of intermediate mass fragments is well established, to the higher, intermediate energy regime. 4 refs., 2 figs.

General properties of monochromators are discussed, and some useful formulas for optical design are given. The discussion is limited to the Rowland reflection grating. Topics covered include focussing properties of a toroidal grating, aberrations, dispersion, resolution, and phase space acceptance. (LEW)

Cross sections have been measured from 100 eV to 1 MeV by the neutron-time-of-flight technique. The capture events were recorded by detecting the prompt gamma-ray cascade with two C/sub 6/D/sub 6/ scintillators, and were normalized to standard gold cross sections. The background was determined experimentally by utilizing the ''black resonance'' technique. A /sup 6/Li-glass scintillator was used to monitor the neutron flux. A Maxwellian-averaged capture cross section at kT = 30 keV of 74 +- 3 mb for /sup 86/Sr, and 102 +- 4 mb for /sup 87/Sr. (LEW)

Recent projected requirements for large scale fusion reactor magnets call for the development of advanced superconducting materials capable of producing peak magnetic fields in excess of 15 T with current densities in the windings in excess of 2 x 10/sup 3/ A/cm/sup 2/. These materials will be exposed to large stresses (up to 500 MPa) and neutron fluences as high as 10/sup 22/ n/cm/sup 2/ over the lifetime of the conductor. The demonstrated strain and radiation tolerance of NbN together with excellent superconducting properties make it a promising candidate to be used in a superconducting composite capable of satisfying these requirements. Our program at Argonne is directed towards demonstrating a method of fabrication which is capable of achieving these goals. Tests will be conducted on moderate lengths of NbN superconducting composites to verify the ability to achieve large overall current densities in magnetic fields up to 20 T. High field applications of NbN are also being investigated by groups in Japan and Germany.

Simple statistical models are used to illustrate two important issues arising in the analysis of grouped data. The consequences are explored of grouping continuous data and analyzing the resulting contingency table. Specifically, an expression for the loss of power is derived when an odds ratio is used to assess risk measured by a continuous variable. Also explored are the consequences of employing correlation and regression coefficients to analyze summary variables derived from grouped data (ecologic data). An expression is given that demonstrates the magnitude of a bias (ecologic fallacy) resulting from analyzing a specific type of grouped data. 5 refs., 2 figs.

High Flux Particle Bed Reactor (HFPBR) designs based on High Temperature Gas Reactors (HTGR) particular fuel are described. The coated fuel particles, approx.500 microns in diameter, are packed between porous metal frits, and directly cooled by flowing D/sub 2/O. The large heat transfer surface area in the packed bed, approx.100 cm/sup 2//cm/sup 3/ of volume, allows high power densities, typically 10 MW/liter. Peak thermal fluxes in the HFPBR are 1 to 2 x 1/sup 16/ n/c/sup 2/ sec., depending on configuration and moderator choice with beryllium and D/sub 2/O Moderators yielding the best flux performance. Spent fuel particles can be hydraulically unloaded every day or two and fresh fuel reloaded. The short fuel cycle allows HFPBR fuel loading to be very low, approx.2 kg of /sup 235/U, with a fission product inventory one-tenth of that in present high flux research reactors. The HFPBR can use partially enriched fuel, 20% /sup 235/U, without degradation in flux reactivity. 8 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs.

The essential physics involved in the reaction-rate-theory analysis of radiation effects at temperatures where both vacancies and self interstitials are mobile is contained in the expressions used for the strengths of distributed point-defect sinks such as dislocations, cavities and grain boundaries. These sink strengths have been obtained by various authors in distinctly different ways, thus giving rise to some possible confusion in comparing the various results. This is even more true with respect to the effect of interaction fields on these sink strengths and the so-called bias factors or sink efficiencies have been defined in entirely different ways, thus rendering quantitative comparisons difficult. We present here a comparison of several procedures in the literature, and attempt to make reasonable quantitative comparisons.

The backscatter ultraviolet spectrometer (BUV) aboard the NIMBUS 4 satellite provided global ozone data until mid-1977. The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) instrument aboard the NIMBUS 7 satellite began providing global ozone in November 1978. The only satellite derived global total ozone data available between the termination of the BUV data and the startup of the SBUV/TOMS data is that from the Multichannel Filter Radiometer (MFR) instrument aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) series of satellites. The MFR and the SBUV/TOMS data are compared during the data overlap period in order to determine how well the MFR data might be used to represent the SBUV/TOMS and BUV data during the data gap period. 5 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

Various fundamental topics are considered which underlie the design and use of optical systems for synchrotron radiation. The point of view of linear system theory is chosen which acts as a unifying concept throughout the series. In this context the important optical quantities usually appear as either impulse response functions (Green's functions) or frequency transfer functions (Fourier Transforms of the Green's functions). Topics include the damped harmonic oscillator, free-space optical field propagation, optical properties of materials, dispersion, and the Kramers-Kronig relations.

Test results from a full-length prototype of the drift chamber vertex detector for the Mark II SLC Upgrade detector are presented. The 22 cell jet chamber employs planes of grid wires above and below the sense wire plane to increase the electrostatic stability of the sense wires and to narrow the electron arrival time distribution. Two different grid designs have been investigated. The spatial resolution and pulse widths have been measured at a variety of operating points and for different timing schemes in a mixture of 92% CO/sub 2/ and 8% isobutane. Typical results at 3 atmospheres pressure give an average resolution over a 2 cm drift distance of 30 ..mu..m for both designs. Efficient double track detection is achieved for tracks separated by 500 ..mu..m for one design and by 1000 ..mu..m for the other.

A pedagogical review is presented of results obtained from inclusive deep inelastic scattering of leptons from nucleons and nuclei, with particular emphasis on open questions to be explored in future experiments.

A simple, compact, high brightness x-ray source has recently been built. This source utilizes a commercially available, cylindrical geometry electron beam evaporator, which has been modified to enhance the thermal cooling to the anode. Cooling is accomplished by using standard, low-conductivity laboratory water, with an inlet pressure of less than 50 psi, and a flow rate of approx.0.3 gal/min. The anode is an inverted cone geometry for efficient cooling. The x-ray source has a measured sub-millimeter spot size (FWHM). The anode has been operated at 1 KW e-beam power (10 KV, 100 ma). Higher operating levels will be investigated. A variety of different x-ray lines can be obtained by the simple interchange of anodes of different materials. Typical anodes are made from easily machined metals, or materials which are vacuum deposited onto a copper anode. Typically, a few microns of material is sufficient to stop 10 KV electrons without significantly decreasing the thermal conductivity through the anode. The small size and high brightness of this source make it useful for step and repeat exposures over several square centimeter areas, especially in a research laboratory environment. For an aluminum anode, the estimated Al-K x-ray flux at 10 cms from the source …

The formation of dislocation loops by self-ion irradiations of Fe, Ni and Cu has been studied in situ in the ANL High-Voltage Electron Microscope as functions of ion dose and irradiation temperature. At low doses (less than or equal to 10/sup 12/ ions/cm/sup 2/) at room temperature individual cascades were observed to collapse to vacancy dislocation loops in Cu with high probability, in Ni with lower probability, and in Fe with zero probability. Cascade collapse was observed at low doses at 30/sup 0/K in Cu and Ni, but at rates less than their respective rates at room temperature. A loop formation rate for Ni at 600/sup 0/K is also reported. At higher doses (>10/sup 13/ ions/cm/sup 2/) where overlap of cascades becomes significant, loops were first observed in Fe and with a supra-linear build-up with dose. Also at higher doses a decrease in loop production rate in Cu and Ni was observed due to loop coalescence. The materials and temperature dependence of cascade collapse probabilities are suggested to be related to thermal spike mechanisms during the cascade formation lifetime.

Some of the crucial issues are discussed which are raised when one wants to use conventional technology to design a 1 TeV electron-positron linear collider with a luminosity of 2 x 10/sup 32/ cm/sup -2/sec/sup -1/. By conventional technology is meant that the process of acceleration is achieved as is usual in common electron linacs - namely that the electron and positron bunches receive their energy from rf fields stored in copper structures at room temperature. The beam-related problems and linac-related problems are treated separately. What happen as one goes to gradients and frequencies higher that those of the SLC are considered, in an attempt to decrease overall length and power consumption. The rf and other problems that one confronts as one goes to higher energies are illustrated. 19 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs. (LEW)

Separate abstracts were prepared for eight invited talks on various aspects of nuclear and particle physics as well as status reports on LAMPF and discussions of upgrade options. Also included in these proceedings are the minutes of the working groups for: energetic pion channel and spectrometer; high resolution spectrometer; high energy pion channel; neutron facilities; low-energy pion work; nucleon physics laboratory; stopped muon physics; solid state physics and material science; nuclear chemistry; and computing facilities. Recent LAMPF proposals are also briefly summarized. (LEW)

The disks of Nd:doped phosphate glass in the amplifiers of the Nova laser contain platinum particles with sizes ranging from <5 ..mu..m (detection limit) to about 100 ..mu..m. The particle density varies from about 0.01 to 1.0 cm/sup -3/. These particles cause fractures when irradiated at fluences >2.5 J/cm/sup 2/ delivered in 1-ns, 1054-nm pulses. Under repeated irradiation at 5 to 7 J/cm/sup 2/, damage from small (<5 ..mu..m) particles asymptotically approaches a limiting size, but damage surrounding the larger particles grows steadily. The damage threshold fluence, 2.5 J/cm/sup 2/, corresponds to operation of Nova at one-half the desired output for pulse durations longer than 1 nsec. Operation at higher fluences causes accumulation of damage in the output amplifiers and requires replacement of the disks in those amplifiers on an accelerated schedule. 9 refs., 5 figs.

A system to analyze the chemical properties of a region of tissue located deep inside the human body without having to access it is proposed. The method is based on a high precision detection of x-rays or ..gamma..-rays (photons) from an external source Compton scattered from the tissue under inspection. The method provides chemical information of plane regions lying not too deep inside the body (<6 cm). The amount of radiation absorbed by the body is about the same as needed for a standard x-ray tomography. The exposure time is estimated to be shorter than 10 minutes. 37 refs., 13 figs.

The successful development of radiation detectors made from amorphous silicon could offer the possibility for relatively easy construction of large area position-sensitive detectors. We have conducted a series of measurements with prototype detectors, on signals derived from alpha particles. The measurement results are compared with simple model calculations, and projections are made of potential applications in high-energy and nuclear physics.

This paper makes an overview of the wire chamber aging problems as a function of various chamber design parameters. It emphasizes the chemistry point of view and many examples are drawn from the plasma chemistry field as a guidance for a possible effort in the wire chamber field. The paper emphasizes the necessity of variable tuning, the importance of purity of the wire chamber environment, as well as it provides a practical list of presently known recommendations. In addition, several models of the wire chamber aging are qualitatively discussed. The paper is based on a summary talk given at the Wire Chamber Aging Workshop held at LBL, Berkeley on January 16-17, 1986. Presented also at Wire Chamber Conference, Vienna, February 25-28, 1986. 74 refs., 18 figs., 11 tabs.

The process of reflection of VUV and x-radiation is summarized. The functions of mirrors in synchrotron beamlines are described, which include deflection, filtration, power absorption, formation of a real image, focusing, and collimation. Fabrication of optical surfaces for synchrotron radiation beamlines are described, and include polishing of a near spherical surface as well as bending a cylindrical surface to toroidal shape. The imperfections present in mirrors, aberrations and surface figure inaccuracy, are discussed. Calculation of the thermal load of a mirror in a synchrotron radiation beam and the cooling of the mirror are covered briefly. 50 refs., 7 figs. (LEW)

Tritium is of environmental importance because it is released from nuclear facilities in relatively large quantities and because it has a half life of 12.26 y. Most of the tritium released into the atmosphere eventually reaches the aqueous environment, where it is rapidly taken up by aquatic organisms. This paper reviews the current literature on tritium in the aquatic environment. Conclusions from the review, which covered studies of algae, aquatic macrophytes, invertebrates, fish, and the food chain, were that aquatic organisms incorporate tritium into their tissue-free water very rapidly and reach concentrations near those of the external medium. The rate at which tritium from tritiated water is incorporated into the organic matter of cells is slower than the rate of its incorporation into the tissue-free water. If organisms consume tritiated food, incorporation of tritium into the organic matter is faster, and a higher tritium concentration is reached than when the organisms are exposed to only tritiated water alone. Incorporation of tritium bound to molecules into the organic matter depends on the chemical form of the ''carrier'' molecule. No evidence was found that biomagnification of tritium occurs at higher trophic levels. Radiation doses from tritium releases to large populations of humans …

TEM and ordered Cu/sub 3/Au were employed to measure the probability of dislocation loop formation as functions of irradiating ion mass (Ar/sup +/, Cu/sup +/ and Kr/sup +/), energy (50 and 100 keV), and irradiation temperature (30 and 300/sup 0/K). Disordered zones were produced at every defect cascade site and imaged in dark-field superlattice reflections. Dislocation loops were imaged in fundamental reflections in the same sample areas to produce an accurate measurement of the probability of the collapse of each cascade to a dislocation loop, within a large set (approx.200) of defect cascades for each irradiation condition. The size distributions of dislocation loops and disordered zones were also measured. Defect cascades collapse to dislocation loops with significant probability (approx.0.5) even at 30/sup 0/K. Other observations include an increasing collapse probability with increasing cascade energy density (increasing ion mass) and with increasing sample irradiation temperature. However, no additional collapse was observed upon annealing from 30 to 300/sup 0/K, and no increase in collapse probability was observed upon increasing the bombarding ion energy from 50 to 100 keV. Disordered zone sizes also increased with increasing ion mass and with increasing sample irradiation temperature (30 to 300/sup 0/K).

Specimens of Mo-7 at. % Re and Mo-30 at. % Re were irradiated with 1.8 MeV /sup 4/He/sup +/ ions at elevated temperatures. Radiation-induced segregation of Re was measured during irradiation by in situ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Segregation of the undersized Re atoms in the same direction as the defect fluxes, i.e., toward the external surface, was observed. The amount of Re enrichment in the near-surface region was measured as a function of temperature and of dose at a calculated near-surface displacement rate near 1 x 10/sup -4/dpa/s. Segregation was observed at temperatures from 800 to 1500/sup 0/C in Mo-7Re, and from 850 to 1225/sup 0/C in Mo-30Re. Irradiated disks were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Precipitates of Chi phase were observed on grain boundaries, or in a thin layer at the irradiated surface in Mo-30Re after irradiation at temperatures from 750 to 1075/sup 0/C. Frequently, Chi precipitates formed with a crystallographic twin orientation with respect to the host matrix. No voids were observed for doses up to 1.6 dpa.