As part of its ongoing efforts to ensure environmental regulation compliance at DOE facilities, DOE published on April 26, 1985, a notice of intent to write an Environmental Impact Statement on Waste Management Activities for Groundwater Protection (Groundwater EIS) at the Savannah River Plant (SRP). To perform a human health risk assessment of each waste site for each closure action considered, DuPont organized a project team led by personnel from the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) and supported by outside contractors specializing in risk assessment work. As part of that team, JBF Associates, Inc. (JBFA) performed an atmospheric containment transport analysis and human health risk assessment of nonradioactive contaminants from SRP waste sites. For each waste site, three closure actions were examined: (1) excavate the site, backfill it, and cap it followed by regular groundwater monitoring (Option 1); (2) backfill and cap the site followed by regular groundwater monitoring (Option 2); and (3) no remedial action, regular groundwater monitoring, and some site maintenance work (Option 3). The human health risk assessment performed by JBFA estimated the public and worker risks from contaminants released to the atmosphere from each waste site for each closure option. This paper first presents the methodology JBFA …

The goal of this research effort has been to assess the possibility of producing a short-wavelength chemical laser system pumped by an intense light source. The lasing systems that we have concentrated on are XeCl, which emits at 308 mn, and Xe{sub 2}Cl, with a peak emission at 480 nm. The latter is favored in systems with high Xe concentrations. Both systems have been demonstrated to be efficient lasers when discharge or electron-beam pumping is utilized. We have considered pumping by an intense, blackbody (Planckian) light source. Thus, we have studied the excimer fluorescence yield over a wide range of excitation energies accessible with a 40,000 K blackbody (6.4 to > 12.8 eV) source. Several photochemical reaction channels have been identified in Xe/Cl{sub 2} mixtures that produce the desired excimers. The scaling of the fluorescence yield with reactant pressure has been studied for each reaction mechanism. The reaction channels scale differently with reactant pressure, causing the scaling behavior of the total fluorescence output to be interrelated and complex. Quenching processes in the excimer systems have been studied and a rate constant for quenching of Xe{sub 2}Cl by CCl{sub 4}, an alternative chlorine source, has been measured. The efficiency of coupling …

Microscopes based on soft X-ray lasers possess unique advantages in bridging the gap between high resolution electron microscopy of dehydrated, stained cells and light microscopy at comparatively low resolution of unaltered live cells. The high brightness and short pulse duration of soft X-ray lasers make them ideal for flash imaging of live specimens. The Princeton soft X-ray laser is based on a magnetically confined laser produced carbon plasma. Radiation cooling after the laser pulse produces rapid recombination which produces a population inversion and high gain. A full account is given in a companion paper in this volume. The important characteristics of the laser beam produced by this device are 1 to 3 mJ of 18.2 nm radiation in a 10 to 30 nsec pulse with a divergence of 5 mrad. The 18.2 nm wavelength, while outside the water window, does provide a factor of 3 difference in absorption coefficients between oxygen and carbon.

1986 was another year of major advances for SSRL as the ultimate capabilities of PEP as a synchrotron radiation source became more apparent and a second PEP beam line was initiated, while effective development and utilization of SPEAR proceeded. Given these various PEP developments, SSRL abandoned its plans for a separate diffraction limited ring, as they abandoned their plans for a 6--7 GeV ring of the APS type last year. It has become increasingly apparent that SSRL should concentrate on developing SPEAR and PEP as synchrotron radiation sources. Consequently, initial planning for a 3 GeV booster synchrotron injector for SPEAR was performed in 1986, with a proposal to the Department of Energy resulting. As described in Chapter 2, the New Rings Group and the Machine Physics Group were combined into one Accelerator Physics Group. This group is focusing mainly on the improvement of SPEAR`s operating conditions and on planning for the conversion of PEP into a fourth generation x-ray source. Considerable emphasis is also being given to the training of accelerator physics graduate students. At the same time, several improvements of SSRL`s existing facilities were made. These are described in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 describes new SSRL beam lines being …

The National Academy of Sciences, through the Ocean Studies Board of the Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics and Resources, proposes to provide guidance on major ocean sciences and policy issues to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, the Department of the Navy, the US Geological Survey, the Minerals Management Service of the Department of the Interior, the US Coast Guard, the Department of State, the Department of Energy, The Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The work plan for this activity is presented in the program plan section of this proposal. Work plans for subsequent years will be submitted prior to the commencement of work. Financial support is requested for continued support of the Ocean Studies Board activities from 1 June 1987 through 31 May 1989. Funds in the amount of $513,400 are requested for the period 1 June 1987 through 31 May 1988, as indicated in the attached estimate of costs.

Lewisite was administered to rats and rabbits by intragastric intubation. Maternal animals were weighed periodically, and, at necropsy (20 dg (days of gestation) in rats and 30 dg in rabbits), were examined for gross lesions of major organs and reproductive performances; live fetuses were weighed and examined for external, internal and skeletal defect. In rats, a dose level of 1.5 mg/kg did not induce toxic or teratogenic responses in maternal and fetal body weights and a significant reduction in the number if viable fetuses were evident. In rabbit studies maternal mortality occurred in all but one of the lewisite treatment groups and ranged from 13% to 100% at dose levels of 0.07 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively. This mortality rate limited the sample size and impaired the detection of statistical significance among treatments. However, at the lowest dose level of the teratology study (0.07 mg/kg, maternal mortality was the only indicator of lewisite toxicity; at the highst dose (0.6 mg/kg), significant findings included 86% maternal mortality, a decrease in maternal body weight gains and an increase in the incidence of fetal stunting, although only a tendency in decreased fetal body weights was observed. These results suggest that maternal mortality was the …

Lewisite was administered to rats and rabbits by intragastric intubation. Maternal animals were weighed periodically, and, at necropsy (20 dg (days of gestation) in rats and 30 dg in rabbits), were examined for gross lesions of major organs and reproductive performances; live fetuses were weighed and examined for external, internal and skeletal defects. In rats, a dose level of 1.5 mg/kg did not induce toxic or teratogenic responses in maternal animals or their fetuses. At 2.0 mg/kg, 10% maternal mortality, trends in decreased maternal and fetal body weights and a significant reduction in the number of viable fetuses were evident. In rabbit studies, maternal mortality occured in all but one of the lewisite treatment groups and range from 13% to 100% at dose levels of 0.07 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively. This mortality rate limited the sample size and impaired the detection of statistical significance among treatments. However, at the lowest dose level of the teratology study (0.07 mg/kg), maternal mortality was the only indicator of lewisite toxicity; at the highest dose (0.6 mg/kg), significant findings included 86% maternal mortality, a decrease in maternal body weight gains and an increase in the incidence of fetal stunting, although only a tendency in …

This Report is a presentation of time versus concentration plots for results of the groundwater monitoring program conducted by the Health Protection Department. This purpose of this report is to provide a tool for interpretation of the groundwater at the sites monitored. It should be used in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Plant Environmental Report for 1984 (DPSPU-86-30-1), the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Plant Environmental Report for 1986 (DPSPU-86-30-1), and the quarterly reports of the groundwater monitoring program for the first two quarters of 1987 (HPR-87-158 and HPR-87-286)

The Rock Valley fault system trends northeasterly through the southeast corner of the Nevada Test Site. The system records left-lateral offset of Paleozoic and Tertiary rocks, although total offset amounts to only a few kilometers. Distinct scarps in alluvial deposits of Quaternary age and a concentration of seismicity, particularly at its north end, suggest that the Rock Valley fault system may be active. Two trenches were excavated by backhoe in 1978 across a 0.5-m-high scarp produced by a strand of the Rock Valley fault system. A detailed logging of the two Rock Valley fault trenches was undertaken during the spring of 1984. This report presents: (1) logs of both walls of the two trenches, (2) a general description of the lithologic units and the soils formed in these units that are exposed in and near the fault trenches, (3) observations of the clast fabric of unfaulted and faulted deposits exposed in the trench walls, and (4) a map of the surficial deposits in the vicinity of the trenches.

The sorption of cesium and strontium has been modeled with a heterogeneity-based isotherm equation for various tuff materials including those within a sequence of geologic stratigraphic units. The theory of the isotherm foresees the relative retardation and the chemical dispersion of the studied radionuclides during transport. The concepts of heterogeneity of sites and variability in the maximum number of sites available for sorption are incorporated into the model. 16 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

The D0 endcap calorimeter outer hadronic (OH) modules play a major structural role in the calorimeter assembly. The disrete modules, once connected together, form a ring within which other massive calorimetry will reside. It has been proposed that the connection of the OH at the downstream end be accomplished by extending the downstream endplates in the radial direction to form 'ears', and then through-bolting between adjacent ears as shown in Fig. 1. A single 2 1/4 in. dia. bolt is used, and previous calculations have determined that the design load on this joint should be 130,000 lbs tension. The high load and serious consequences of failure make this a critical component in the calorimeter assembly. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the stresses in the connection and other mechanical characteristics which determine joint performance.

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There are substantial production rates of heavy quarks from ep collisions at HERA. The center of mass energy of about 300 GeV is well above any b-quark threshold effects, and for b/bar b/ production, the cross section is estimated to be 3.3 nb per event, leading to rates approaching 10/sup 6/ b mesons per year. The rates for c/bar c/ production are about two orders of magnitude greater. Two major detectors are under construction and a program of heavy quark physics will start in 1990. 3 refs., 4 figs.

This memo presents equations describing propagation of beams of nearly monochromatic radiation through a Raman-active molecular vapor, under conditions of steady excitation of quantum-mechanical molecules by classical radiation (that is, by radiation that comprises a large number of photons per mode). Such conditions apply in the continuous-wave experiments that are conducted to measure such properties as Raman gain or Raman scattering cross sections. Under those circumstances the propagation is described by rate equations for molecular excitation and rate equations for photon numbers. Although these conditions do not apply for short-pulse transient excitation, both types of processes are parameterized by the same molecular polarizability matrix elements. This memo discusses those parameters, as extracted from steady state observations.

Detection of a heavy Higgs boson (2M/sub z/ < M/sub H/ < 1 TeV) is considered. The production mechanisms and backgrounds are discussed. Their implementation in the PYTHIA and ISAJET Monte Carlo programs are checked. The decay modes H ..-->.. ZZ ..-->.. llll and H ..-->.. ZZ ..-->.. llvv are discussed in detail. The signal/background is evaluated and some relevant detector parameters are specified. Some remarks are also made concerning the requirements imposed on detectors by the decay mode H ..-->.. WW ..-->.. lv + jets. Experimental signatures for models in which there is no Higgs boson of mass less than 1 TeV are outlined. 44 refs.

The objective of this project is to demonstrate gas reburning-sorbent injection (GR-SI) emission control technology on three pre-NSPS coal-fired utility boilers in Illinois. The goals are to achieve NO{sub x} and SO{sub x} emission reductions of 60 and 50% respectively. During this quarter, work progressed on all tasks of this project, except for Task 3, Engineering Design, which awaits NEPA approval. The selection of the three primary host sites was confirmed through site characterization and SO{sub x}/NO{sub x} control performance predictions. All three boilers selected (tangentially, wall and cyclone fired units) can meet the NO{sub x} and SO{sub 2} targets of 60% and 50% respectively. Internal and external communications were established and meetings to be held in December were planned. EER continued its dialogue with potential boiler manufacturer subcontractors and electrostatic precipitator specialists. The latter area was necessitated by the need to upgrade ESP performance when using sorbent injection. Process design studies are in progress to achieve the process specifications required for detailed engineering design. In the environmental area, good progress was made in generating Environmental Information Volumes for each site, the Environmental Monitoring Outline and defining the permitting assistance to be provided to the host sites.

The objective of this project is to demonstrate gas reburning-sorbent injection (GR-SI) emission control technology on three pre-NSPS coal-fired utility boilers in Illinois. The goals are to achieve NO{sub x} and SO{sub x} emission reductions of 60 and 50% respectively. During this quarter, work progressed on all tasks of this project, except for Task 3, Engineering Design, which awaits NEPA approval. The selection of the three primary host sites was confirmed through site characterization and SO{sub x}/NO{sub x} control performance predictions. All three boilers selected (tangentially, wall and cyclone fired units) can meet the NO{sub x} and SO{sub 2} targets of 60% and 50% respectively. Internal and external communications were established and meetings to be held in December were planned. EER continued its dialogue with potential boiler manufacturer subcontractors and electrostatic precipitator specialists. The latter area was necessitated by the need to upgrade ESP performance when using sorbent injection. Process design studies are in progress to achieve the process specifications required for detailed engineering design. In the environmental area, good progress was made in generating Environmental Information Volumes for each site, the Environmental Monitoring Outline and defining the permitting assistance to be provided to the host sites.

It is argued that detection of heavy leptons at the Superconducting Super Collider seems to be very difficult but perhaps not impossible. The feasibility is shown to depend critically upon the ability to identify events with W's decaying hadronically and missing transverse momentum. (LEW)

We have completed a database of average-power, laser-induced, damage thresholds at 1064 nm on a variety of materials. Measurements were made with a newly constructed laser to provide design input for moderate and high average-power laser projects. The measurements were conducted with 16-ns pulses at pulse-repetition frequencies ranging from 6 to 120 Hz. Samples were typically irradiated for time ranging from a fraction of a second up to 5 minutes (36,000 shots). We tested seven categories of samples which included antireflective coatings, high reflectors, polarizers, single and multiple layers of the same material, bare and overcoated metal surfaces, bare polished surfaces, and bulk materials. The measured damage threshold ranged from < 1 J/cm/sup 2/ for some metals to > 46 J/cm/sup 2/ for a bare polished glass substrate. 4 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

A study of the Pomeron in QCD is briefly outlined. Implications for the production of W/sup +/W/sup -/ and Z/sup 0/Z/sup 0/ pairs are described and the possibility that the electroweak scale is a major strong-interaction threshold discussed. The application of Pomeron phase-transition theory to SU(5) dynamical symmetry breaking is suggested and the related ''strong-interaction'' properties of the photon briefly mentioned.

This report has been divided into two sections. The first deals with the results of the petrophysical measurements, and the second concentrates on the distribution of alteration minerals and textures, and on a series of calculations of geochemical changes that occurred during alteration. 32 refs., 23 figs., 10 tabs.

The objective of this project is to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the convective heat transfer process in complex, unsteady turbulent reacting flows, typical of those which occur in internal combustion engines. The specific area of research is the representation of heat transfer in detailed multi-dimensional Navier-Stokes models, and modeling of turbulent transport mechanisms. The detailed tasks include a review of relevant prior work. Based on this review, and original work done under this contract, several modeling approaches are being formulated and will be further studied and tested. The tests will be carried out on flow cases which have relevance to engine flows, and for which reliable experimental data exist. This report discusses the results of current work and describes experiments to be performed.

The traveler participated in the Second International Workshop on Radioiodinated Free Fatty Acids in Amsterdam, The Netherlands where he presented an invited paper describing the pioneering work at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) involving the design, development and testing of new radioiodinated methyl-branched fatty acids for evaluation of heart disease. He also chaired a technical session on the testing of new agents in various in vitro and in vivo systems. He also visited the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Nuclear Medicine in Bonn, West Germany, to review, discuss, plan and coordinate collaborative investigations with that institution. In addition, he visited the Cyclotron Research Center in Liege, Belgium, to discuss continuing collaborative studies with the Osmium-191/Iridium-191m radionuclide generator system, and to complete manuscripts and plan future studies.