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The results of all exchange experiments suggest that tritium produced by a contained nuclear explosion wiil be mixed with environmental water. Tritium exchange in the reaction HTO + H/sub 2/ in equilibrium HT + H/sub 2/O was catalyzed at 600 deg C by a number of oxygenated salts that occur in salt formations. Calcium sulfate was the best catalyst, with values as high as 49 and 77% with pure CaSO/sub 4/ and Drierite, respectively. in deep bed tests. Even under diffusion-controlled conditions, where reactant gases were passed over fine powders of CaSO/sub 4/, exchanges were as high as 26% for residence times of 50 sec. Sodium chloride had no effect. At high temperatures in a plasma jet, with D/sub 2/ as a stand-in for T/sub 2/, exchange was very rapid. For 90 msec residence time and a D/sub 2//H/sub 2/O feed ratio of 1.3, 53% of the water hydrogen exchanged with deuterium. (auth)

A nondestructive method was developed for measuring the spacings at the ends of fuel rods in completed SNAP fuel elements. A precisely aligned radiographic technique is employed to form an undistorted image on extra fine grain radiographic film. The end gap is then measured with a 20 x measuring microscope. The radiographic technique, alignment gages, and film reading methods are described for measuring gaps at the blend end and blind end of the fuel elements. The accuracy of measurements at the blend end ranges from plus or minus 0.0005 in. for spacings up to 0.010 in. to plus or minus 0.002 in. for spacings above 0.025 in. The accuracy at the blind end is about one-half that at the blend end. (auth)

Two type-AUC graphite fuel elements loaded by solution impregnation to an average concentration of 0.115 g/cc of 93.13% enriched U converted to UC and UC/sub 2/ were irradiated at temperatures of about 1500 deg C to a 10.2% maximum burnup, corresponding to an irradiation level of 219 kwh/cc or 2.45 x 10/sup 19/ fissions/cc of fuel element. Post-irradiation measurements of the elements showed dimensional changes of -4.3 and -4.8% with the grain, and --0.8 to -2.5% across the grain. Weight losses were 3.2 and 5.1% for the individual elements with approximately 11% of the total U being lost from the elements. With-the- grain thermal conductivity at nominal room temperature was reduced by a factor of approximates 7 and electrical conductivities by factors of 3.4 to 8.3, also at room temperature. Impact strength appeared to be somewhat improved by irradiation. Migration of U within the element was detected by radiographic density observations but not evaluated quantitatively. As anticipated, fission product release was high. (auth)

The performance of pressure-pulse transducers in determining distances of installed gages from small H.E. detonations by measuring seismic wave travel times was evaluated. Because of the superiority of the system time resolution as compared with conventional geophysical exploration equipment, improved accuracy was anticipated as well as an opportunity to dry-run the installed system in the operational environment. Also, a requirement for seismic velocity measurements in situ was fulfilled. Travel time measurements used satellite-hole gage placements, 5-pound C-4 detonations near the planned location of the device in the device hole, and operational diagnostic facilities. The results verified the original premise of the suitability of Plowshare instrumentation to determine with superior accuracy installed gage distances from the small H.E. detonations. Agreement of within 1% between surveyed distances and calculated distances was obtained for the three gage locations reporting. Seismic velocities obtained fell between 3825 amd 3875 feet per second. Also, the experiment demonstrated the integrity of the Plowshare instrumentation system as installed. (auth)

This document contains the results of weekly sampling of various isotope concentrations from effluent water at the 100 area at Hanford from July 1962 to February 1965. Compiled data in microcuries/milliliter are given. Each sampling records the concentrations of iodine-131, phosphorus-32, zinc-65, scandium-46, chromium-51, and cobalt-60. Records prior to October 8, 1962 also contain information on strontium-90, cesium-137, zirconium-95, ruthenium-103, ruthenium-106, and strontium-89. These last records are all from F reactor samples.

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A discussion of the fundamental aspects of vaporization is presented along with a discussion of evaporation within the theories of solids and gases. Suggestions are offered as to where assumptions might be introduced to describe the phenomenon more completely, and tenative definitions concerning factors which can give rise to vaporization coefficients are given. An effort is made to unify these concepts within the phenomenological framework of irreversible thermodynamics. (J.R.D.)

Results of chemical and radiochemical analyses of Clinch River water, animal life, and sediments are presented for the period May to October 1961. Surface-water hydrology included establishment and operation of gaging stations and stream-flow studies. (R.J.S.)

The heat capacities of erbium and yttrium ethylsulfates were measured in the range 12-300 deg K. The magnetic contribution of the erbium ion was evaluated with the help of an assumption concernlng the difference in lattice contributions between the erbium and yttrium salts. The contribution agrees, to within experimental error, with the experimental energy level scheme for the /sup 4/I/ sub 15/2/ state previously published. (auth)

The design of high-performance natural-circulation boiling systems requires that the behavior of the systems be characterized under transient conditions. In order to accomplish this, the time- and space-dependent continuity, energy, and momentum equations for a natural-circulation system are written. This publication presents a technique for solving the equations of a natural-circulation system. The solutions are compared with experimental results at various pressures with two geometries in boiling water systems. The solutions meet the established criteria. The analog model is useful for predicting the behavior of twophase natural-circulation systems during transients. The model accurately predicts the point at which such systems exhibit osciilatory behavior. The results were found to be sensitive to the vapor-liquid velocity ratio (slip ratio) used in the computation. The velocity ratio correlation used in the model is presented. All computations, circuits, and operating irformation necessary to duplicate the experiment are given. (auth)

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ABS>A procedure was developed for fabricating a Teflon dropping-mercury electrode (D.M.E.) that has been shown experimentally to be satisfactory for polarography in glasscorroding media. Because of the lack of a suitable electrode, polarography in such media has not been possible. The electrode consists of a glass-capillary and a Tefloncapillary segment which are attached by guide sleeves to form a unit that behaves as if it were a single segment. Procedures were perfected for precision-lapping a conical end on a glass D.M.E. capillary without plugging the capillary and for fabricating a Teflon segment of specified orifice diameter within a wide range (15 to 110 mu ) and to within plus or minus 10 mu . The Teflon segment has a round smoothwalled orifice, a lapped face that is perpendicular to the bore, and a bore of diameter and shape that can be varied. (auth)

Twenty-two papers presented at the USAEC Symposium on Zirconium Alloy Development are given. Separate abstracts were prepared for 17 papers. Five papers were previously abstracted for NSA. (M.C.G.)

The scintillation response of CsI(Tl) crystals, having various thallium contents, was measured for excitation of the crystals by monoenergetic gamma rays, protons, and alpha particles. The investi gation was made to provide a test of some of the features of a theoretical model of the scintillation process in thallium-activated alkali iodides proposed by Murray and Meyer. In order to insure that the results obtained in this program would provide a critical test of the scintillation model, special attention was paid to technical effects which could influence the interpretation of the experimental data. For example, the effect of the pulseanalysis time on the relative scintillation response of CsI(Tl) to various charged parti cles was investigated. In addition, the emission spectra of the CsI(Tl) crystals were measured for excitation by x rays, protons, and alpha particles. The results of the investigation showed that the scintillation efficiency of CsI(Tl) is a continuous function of dE/dx, as assumed in the scintillation model, within the accuracy of the experiments when the effect of delta ravs are considered. This led to the conclusion that the light output of CsI(Tl) crystals is, in general, a nonlinear function of the energy of the particle. The shape of the …

This report summarizes the technical progress on the subject contract for the period September 15 to November 14 1962.

Experimental and theoretical work on the interaction mechanisms by which neutrons exchange energy with H atoms involves treating neutron thermalization as neutron interactions with energy levels in the atoms. Cold moderators are presently being studied in order to optimize the source of cold neutrons. Cold neutrons are provided from an accelerator arrangement that directs electrons against a Fansteel target producing fast neutrons. Thermal neutrons, produced by moderation of fast neutrons, are passed through a chopper. Several moderators are evaluated, and neutron emission time measurements by crystal diffraction and beam chopper techniques point out emission time dependence on thickness, moderator, and temperature. The neutron beam chopper used presently is described, and results of neutron scattering by liquid para- and orthohydrogen are displayed and compared with theoretical predictions made with a perfect hydrogen gas model. Inelastic scattering of neutrons by liquid H is discussed, and theoretical and experimental results of inelastic scattering by polyethylene are also included. (D.C.W.)

This document presents the Westinghouse Astronuclear Laboratory contribution to the RIFT flight safety review. While the presented herein is the best data that exists at this time, it can not be considered the final data. In consideration of the extremely dynamic nature of the program , it is intended to issue periodic revisions reporting new developments in the Westinghouse program.

The one-dimensional difiusion-theory depletion program FEVER, written in FORTRAN-II for a 32,000-word computer is described. The code allows for the representation of self-shielded burnable poisons and provides methods for automatically adjusting control poisons in various regions of the reactor according to some specified sequence. No intermediate tape manipulation is required during the calculations, since all program and data storage are contained in the fast memory of the computer. Information oriented to meet the needs of the potential user of the program and a documentation of the programming details. are presented. (auth)

The purpose of this document is to present the latest results of a continuing instrumentation study being conducted by Research and Engineering. In a previous report results of 1-and 6-node calculations, for percentage- and fixed temperature-trip instrumentation were presented. These results were used to obtain a general understanding of the problem and to assess the value of using a multinodal approach. Calculations to determine the amount of protection provided by linear rate and period instrumentation were not performed at that time. Thus, the results of this previous report are limited in that they cover only a part of the possible nuclear safety instrumentation. The previous results indicated that the multinodal approach should be used in analyzing high level and intermediate instrumentation. The results presented in this report were obtained from an 11-node model covering percentage- and fixed-temperature-trip instrumentation, and also linear temperature rate-of-rise and linear power rate-of-rise. Other specialized cases were also investigated. In particular, data were obtained to provide: Eleven-node results for the old reactors; Results for the K reactors comparable to those previously obtained for the old reactors, and results using parameters chosen for the high speed scanner project; Linear power-rate-of-rise at the high levels. Comparison between 6- …

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The status of aqueous processing methods for Th fuels is reviewed. A specially designed 320 ton shear was successfully tested for chopping full size simulated Consolidated Edison type unirradiated assemblies into 0.25-1.5 in. lengths. Pieces about 0.5-in. long are preferred since the core pellets are more severely crushed during the chopping operation, and consequently, the rate of core dissolution is enhanced. The Darex (dtlute aqua regia) and Sulfex (4 to 6 M sulfuric acid) processes for dissolution of stainless steel claddings were developed on a small engineering scale with unirradiated fuel. In hot cell tests on stainless steel clad ThO/sub 2/-UO/sub 2/ fuel pins irradiated up to 22,000 Mwd/ton of fuel, the core pellets were severely fractured and losses of U and Th to the Sulfex and Darex solutions were approximates 0.3% and 3 to 5%, respectively. The latter losses are easily recovered in the extraction system. U and Th can be recovered from graphite base fuels by burning and dissoiution of the ash in HNO/sub 3/ or by grinding to approximates 200 mesh followed by HNO/sub 3/ leaching. The Acid Thorex extraction process was developed to recover both U and Th using tributyl phosphate (TBP) as the solvent and …

Effects due to elementary particle-like collisions within nuclear matter have been observed in several nuclear reactions caused by pions and protons. Simple nuclear reactions of the form ZA(a,an)Z/sup A-1/ and Z/sup A/(a,ap)(Z-1)/ sup A-1/ have excitation functions that are sensitive to changes in the elementary-particle cross sections. The excitation function for the reaction C/ sup 12/( pi /sup -/, pi /sup -/n)C/sup 11/ is measure d from 53 to 1610 Mev by bombarding targets of plastic scintillator with pions. The intensity of the pion beam is monitored with a two-counter telescope and 40 Mc scaling system. The scintillator target is mounted on a phototube and becomes the detector for the carbon-11 positron activity. Corrections are made for muon contamination in the beam, coincidence losses in the monitor system, carbon-11 activity produced by stray background at the accelerator, carbon-1l activity produced by secondaries in the target, and the efficiency of the carbon-11 detection system. The C/sup 12/( pi /sup -/, pi /sup -/n)C/sup 11/ cross sections rise to a peak of abo ut 70 mb at 190 Mev, that corresponds to the resonance in freeparticle pi /sup -/n scattering at 190 Mev. Calculations based on a knock-on'' collision mechanism and sharp-cutoff …