Introduction: The U.S. Geological Survey began a study in 1980 of the quality of water in the 14 principal aquifers in Minnesota. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded the study as part of the Underground Injection Control Program, which deals with disposal of liquid wastes beneath land surface. The initial report designated the 14 aquifers and provided general information about their geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality characteristics (Adolphson and others, 1981). This report, one in a series that describes individual aquifers in more detail, concerns the Upper Carbonate aquifer.

From introduction: The objectives of the study were to (1) determine the areal extent, thickness, and water-yielding capability of aquifers in the surficial deposits, (2) estimate the amount of water in storage in the aquifers, (3) determine the chemical quality of water in the aquifers and, (4) establish observation wells to monitor the effects of ground-water development on water levels and storage in the aquifers.

From introduction: In this report, two programs have been developed for use in managing data derived from an aquifer thermal-energy storage (ATES) project being done by the University of Minnesota. Data are generated from temperature and pressure measuring devices that are read automatically by a datalogger. Up to 100 channels can be scanned every 10 seconds and recorded on magnetic tape or printed as paper output. Time period of up to several years of data may be represented on a single tape.

From purpose and scope: The purpose of this report is to describe trends in ground-water use in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, from 1880 to 1980. Water-use trends are discussed in terms of use category, volume of water used over time, aquifer, and well location.

From abstract: This report is one of a series on the hydrogeology and water quality of the 14 principal aquifers in Minnesota prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requested these studies because of the need for information to develop its Underground Injection Control Program.

From abstract: This report is one of a series on the hydrogeology and water quality of the 14 principal aquifers in Minnesota prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requested these studies because of the need for information to develop its Underground Injection Control Program.

From abstract: This report is one of a series on the hydrogeology and water quality of the 14 principal aquifers in Minnesota prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requested these studies because of the need for information to develop its Underground Injection Control Program.

From abstract: A preliminary quasi-three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water-flow model of the seven-county Twin Cities Metropolitan area was constructed and used to evaluate parameter sensitivity and adequacy of available data.

Introduction: The U.S. Geological Survey began a study in 1980 of the quality of water in the principal aquifers of Minnesota. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded the study as part of the Underground Injection Control Program, which deals with disposal of liquid wastes beneath land surface. The initial report designated 14 aquifers in the State and provided general information about their geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality characteristics (Adolphson and others, 1981). This report, one in a series that describes individual aquifers in more detail, concerns the Ironton-Galesville aquifer.

From introduction: This report describes the quality of the waters and the potential water-quality impacts of redesigning a levee that surrounds the city of Chaska, in Carver County, Minn.

Purpose and scope: The purpose of this report is to describe and make preliminary interpretations of: (1) Limnological characteristics of Williams Lake, based on physical, chemical, and biological data collected in 6 days in 6 different months in 1979; (2) chemical quality of ground water near the lake, based on samples collected during the summer of 1979; and (3) mineralogy of the lake sediment cores obtained in February 1978. The period of study extended from March, when the lake was covered by ice, through the period of open water, to December, when it was again covered by ice.

From introduction: The purpose of this report is to describe the general quality and quantity of water in the principal water-supply aquifers in Minnesota.

Abstract: Seven test holes drilled in the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands indicate that the thickness of surficial materials along a north-south traverse parallel to Minnesota Highway 71 ranges from 163 feet near Blackduck, Minnesota to 57 feet about 3 miles south of Upper Red Lake. Lenses of sand and gravel occur immediately above bedrock on the Itasca moraine and are interbedded with lake clay and till under the peatlands. Vertical head gradients measured in a piezometer nest near Blackduck on the moraine are downward, indicative of recharge to the regional ground-water-flow system. Vertical head gradients are upward in a piezometer nest on a sand beach ridge in the peatlands 12 miles north of Upper Red Lake. Numerical sectional models indicate that this discharge probably comes from local flow systems recharge from ground-water mounds located under large raised bogs.

Abstract: Alimagnet, Farquar, and Long Lakes, in Apple Valley, Minnesota, were sampled from 1973-79 to determine their physical and chemical characteristics. A storm-sewer inlet to Alimagnet Lake was also sampled during two storms in 1978. The 1976-77 drought caused a more noticeable effect on the quality of the lakes than any other factor. Chloride concentrations were 10 to 15 milligrams per liter before the drought, but increased 2 to 4 times during the drought. Dissolved solids reacted similarly . Dissolved oxygen and pH were governed mainly by biological activity. In February 1977, dissolved-oxygen concentration was less than 0.5 milligrams per liter in the three lakes. Ratios between mean total nitrogen and mean total phosphorus ranged from 22:1 to 26:1. Tropic-state indices indicate that the lakes are eutrophic. Blue-green algae dominated the phytoplankton populations. Storms sampled at a storm-sewer inlet to Alimagnet Lake showed higher concentrations pf chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc than of lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury. Total phosphorus for the September 1978 storm had a concentration of 1.7 milligrams per liter, which means that approximately 29 pounds entered the lake during the 5.5-hour sampling period.

From introduction: The objective of this study are to (1) determine the areal extent and thickness of the Buffalo aquifer and the general occurrence of deeply buried aquifers, (2) determine the potential for development of water supplies from wells in the Buffalo aquifer, (3) investigate and discuss annual recharge to the Buffalo aquifer and the potential for artificially recharging the aquifer, (4) determine the chemical quality of water in the aquifer and in area streams, (5) establish a network of observation wells for monitoring water levels and water quality in the aquifer, (6) determine the relationship between the aquifer and the adjacent streams, and (7) update the information on the flow characteristics of the streams. The main focus of this study is on water in the Buffalo aquifer and on flow characteristics of streams.

This report uses data collected from seventeen lakes and ponds in Eagan, Minnesota from 1972 through 1978 to determine the effects of urbanization on water quality. It contains a map, graphs, and tables.

From abstract: This report presents data collected from four lakes in Lakeville, Minnesota to determine water-quality characteristics and evaluate "changes that may occur in the lakes because of urbanization." It contains a map, graphs, tables, and a glossary.

From abstract: This report uses water samples collected from two sites at the Wild Rice River in Minnesota to "establish baseline water-quality characteristics before construction of a reservoir near Twin Valley, Minnesota for recreation and flood control." It contains a map, graphs, and tables.

This report presents the results of water sampling from three lakes in Dakota County over an eighteen-month period. The author determined that "the lakes were shallow, non-stratified, and nutrient-enriched." It includes tables and other figures.

This report determines the possible effects of constructing an interstate highway on the nearby Rogers Lake in Dakota County, Minnesota by testing multiple water and bed material samples. This report also includes several tables and other figures.

From abstract: Sedimentary rocks of Cambrian and Ordovician age form a major aquifer system in most of Wisconsin and Iowa, northern Illinois, northwestern Indiana, southeastern Minnesota, and northern Missouri. Many metropolitan areas depend on the aquifer for all or part of their water supplies. Declines in potentiometric head have been large in the most heavily pumped areas, most notably Chicago, Milwaukee-Waukesha, Minneapolis-St. Paul, and Des Moines.

A map of Minnesota state highlighting all low-flow areas as part of a multi-stage study. It also includes several paragraphs of text.

This report splits the Superior Upland physiographic province of Minnesota into seven regions and concludes that the surficial geology is a result of glacial activity. This report includes several maps and tables.

From introduction: This report summarizes data currently available to obtain low-flow characteristics for Minnesota streams. The data include expected annual low-flows for specific recurrence intervals at 161 continuous-record gaging stations.