Report presenting tests of wing-fuselage combinations employing an airfoil-type fuselage in the variable-density wind tunnel as part of a wing-fuselage program. The models were designed to simulate an existing moderate-size transport airplane of that type. Results regarding some general comparisons, lift distribution and induced drag, and drag in high-speed flight are provided.

Report presenting a consideration of the general problem of stalling as affecting the safety of airplanes. The increased difficulties associated with modern efficient wings, particularly highly tapered wings and high-life devices, are discussed and means are considered for avoiding these difficulties.

Report presenting testing in the full-scale wind tunnel on a model of a large 4-engine monoplane to determine the overall aerodynamic efficiency of a conventional wing-nacelle-engine installation as compared with power-plant installations enclosed in the wing with extension shafts to the propellers. Results regarding power-on and power-off performance for the installations as well as propeller noise are provided.

Report presenting an investigation of the size and distribution of ice particles on the wings of aircraft and how they affect the aerodynamic characteristics. A simulated ice formation was generated from survey information received from aircraft pilots and was tested to determine the impact on the lift characteristics.

Report presenting tests made in the variable-density wind tunnel of airfoils of the NACA 4400 series modified by reflex at the trailing edge designed to reduce the pitching moment to the value of -0.03. The modified airfoils are designated the NACA 4400R series.

"Recent developments in airfoil-testing methods and fundamental air-flow investigations, as applied to airfoils, are discussed. Preliminary test results, obtained under conditions relatively free from stream turbulence and other disturbances, are presented. Suitable airfoils and airfoil-design principles were developed to take advantage of the unusually extensive laminar boundary layers that may be maintained under the improved testing conditions" (p. 1).

From Introduction: "An investigation has been conducted in the N.A.C.A. full-scale wind tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a 1/4-scale model of a 4-engine monoplane when equipped with comparable air-cooled engine and liquid-cooled engine installations. The air-cooled engine installation consisted of nacelles equipped with N..A.C.A. cowlings and oil coolers located in the leading edge of the wing."

Report presenting an investigation in the 20-foot wind tunnel to determine the drag, propulsive and net efficiencies, and cooling characteristics of several scale-model arrangements of air-cooled radial-engine nacelles and present-day propellers in front of an 18-percent-thick, 5-by-15-foot airfoil. Two 3-blade propellers with differing diameters were tested in conjunction with a 12-inch-diameter nacelle in three positions in front of the wing and with a 16-inch-diameter nacelle in six positions in front of the wing. Lift, drag, cooling-air flow, and propeller characteristics were determined for each arrangement.

Report presenting an investigation of the effects of propellers and of vibration on the extent of laminar flow on the NACA 27-212 airfoil by testing the airfoil in conjunction with a tractor and a pusher propeller and with a mechanical vibrator. The results show that neither the pusher propeller nor vibration with amplitudes up to 0.094 inch and with a frequency of 1650 cycles per minute had any consequential effect on the extent of laminar flow but that the tractor propeller had a very pronounced effect.

Report presenting flight and ground-cooling tests with a Northrop A-17A attack airplane to determine the merits of a nose-blower engine cowling designed and built at the NACA laboratory. The main objective was to determine the cooling characteristics of the nose blower, especially for ground and low-speed operation. Results regarding the cooling properties, engine pressure drop, and maximum speed and drag are provided.

Report presenting an investigation of the drag and power cost associated with the changing of the nose of a nacelle from a streamline shape to a conventional cowling shape. Full-scale propellers and nacelles were used. The results of the tests showed that the streamline afterbody drag approached that of an airship form and that the added drag due to the open-nose cowling was only a quarter of the drag increase obtained with the other afterbody.

Report presenting determinations of boundary-layer transition on the NACA 0012 and 23012 airfoils in the high-speed wind tunnel over a range of Reynolds numbers. For all of the lift coefficients that testing occurred at, transition occurred in the region of estimated laminar separation at low Reynolds numbers and approached the point of minimum static pressure as a forward limit at high Reynolds numbers.

Report presenting methods and charts for estimating the critical compressibility speeds of a large number of airfoils and streamline bodies. The systematic effects of thickness, thickness distribution, camber, camber location, leading-edge radius, and lift coefficient are considered. The results indicate that with a given lift coefficient, the thickness of the airfoil or of the body is the primary factor controlling its critical speed.

Report presenting an analysis and simple method to help solve the problem of assisting the take-off of an airplane by means of auxiliary jet propulsion by determining the jet thrust and weight of jet fuel required to provide a desired reduction in take-off distance or increase in pay load or fuel load for a fixed take-off distance. The use of previous experimental work to verify the analysis is also provided.

"A unit injector was operated under various test conditions with a cam outline giving a high rate of plunger displacement. The rate of discharge of the unit injector followed the plunger displacement for the outwardly opening injection valve (open nozzle) except under conditions of high fuel pressures when the effect of fuel compressibility decreased the rate of discharge as the pressure increased. The rate of discharge for the inwardly opening injection valve (closed nozzle) did not directly follow the plunger displacement" (p. 1).

Drag testing was conducted in the high-speed wind tunnel of 23 conditions combining six streamline shapes and three conventional cowling-fuselage bodies. All of the models were tested in combination with a wing in order to include wing-fuselage interference effects. The critical speeds of combinations tested were, in general, determined by the wing-fuselage juncture.

Report presenting a series of boundary-layer surveys over the surface of an NACA 0012 airfoil at zero lift. Results regarding the pressure distribution, laminar boundary layer, transition, turbulent boundary layer, drag, and skin friction are provided.

A preliminary investigation made to study the hydrodynamic properties and general behavior of simple hydrofoils. Six plain, rectangular hydrofoils were tested in a tank at various speeds, angles of attack, and depths below the water surface. The results are presented as curves of the lift and drag coefficients plotted against speed for various angles of attack and depths for which the hydrofoils were tested.

Report presenting tests in the full-scale wind tunnel on 11 single-engine military airplanes to investigate methods for increasing their high speed. Results regarding the power-plant installation, flow characteristics, wings, cockpit canopies, landing gear, and air leakage are provided.

Report presenting tests conducted in the 8-foot high-speed wind tunnel of a scale model pursuit-type fuselage with practicable internal duct arrangement designed to meet all of the air requirements of a 1000-horsepower radial engine submerged at the maximum section. The results showed that the required internal flow can be obtained with negligible ducting losses provided that basic principles are observed in designing the air passages.

Report presenting an investigation of a long column continuous over three supports to determine its critical load when the center support was given varying amounts of initial displacement. During each test, the middle support was hinged so as to be free to move parallel to the column axis during buckling. The critical loads predicted from load-deflection readings were different for the upper and lower spans.

"Flight tests were conducted on the XP-41 airplane, equipped with a Pratt & Whitney R1830-19, 14-cylinder, air-cooled engine, to determine the increase in flight speed obtainable by the use of individual exhaust stacks directly rearwardly to obtain exhaust-gas thrust. Speed increases up to 13 miles per hour at 20,000 feet altitude were obtained using stacks having an exit area of 3.42 square inches for each cylinder. A slight increase in engine power and decrease in cylinder temperature at a given manifold pressure were obtained with the individual stacks as compared with a collector-ring installation" (p. 1).

Report presenting an investigation in the 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel of an NACA 23012 airfoil with a 15-percent-chord and a 25-percent-chord balanced split flap of Clark Y profile. The primary purpose was to determine the aerodynamic section characteristics of the airfoil as affected by the size, nose location, and deflection of the flap.

Report presenting testing in the 8-foot high-speed wind tunnel to determine the effect on external drag and pressure distribution of air inlet openings on the stagnation point of a streamline body. The results showed that external drag of the body with suitably designed nose-inlet and tail-outlet openings over a wide range of rates of internal air flow was no higher than the drag of the streamline body. Specific results for the streamline body, nose-inlet openings, outlet openings, and inlet-outlet combinations are provided.