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Correlations in bottom quark pair production at the Fermilab Tevatron
I present an analysis of b{bar b} pair production correlations, using dimuon-triggered data collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV during Run II of the TeVatron. The leading order (LO) and next-to-leading order (NLO) b quark production processes are discriminated by the angular and momentum correlations between the b{bar b} pair. Track-level jets containing a muon are classified by b quark content and used to estimate the momentum vector of the progenitor b quark. The theoretical distributions given by the MC{at}NLO event generator are tested against the data.
Date:
January 1, 2009
Creator:
Galyardt, Jason Edward
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electrochemical arsenic remediation for rural Bangladesh
Arsenic in drinking water is a major public health problem threatening the lives of over 140 million people worldwide. In Bangladesh alone, up to 57 million people drink arsenic-laden water from shallow wells. ElectroChemical Arsenic Remediation(ECAR) overcomes many of the obstacles that plague current technologies and can be used affordably and on a small-scale, allowing for rapid dissemination into Bangladesh to address this arsenic crisis. In this work, ECAR was shown to effectively reduce 550 - 580 mu g=L arsenic (including both As[III]and As[V]in a 1:1 ratio) to below the WHO recommended maximum limit of 10 mu g=L in synthetic Bangladesh groundwater containing relevant concentrations of competitive ions such as phosphate, silicate, and bicarbonate. Arsenic removal capacity was found to be approximately constant within certain ranges of current density, but was found to change substantially between ranges. In order of decreasing arsenic removal capacity, the pattern was: 0.02 mA=cm2> 0.07 mA=cm2> 0.30 - 1.1 mA=cm2> 5.0 - 100 mA=cm2. Current processing time was found to effect arsenic removal capacity independent of either charge density or current density. Electrode polarization studies showed no passivation of the electrode in the tested range (up to current density 10 mA=cm2) and ruled out oxygen …
Date:
January 1, 2009
Creator:
Addy, Susan Amrose
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the W boson mass and width using a novel recoil model
This dissertation presents a direct measurement of the W boson mass (M{sub W}) and decay width ({Lambda}{sub W}) in 1 fb{sup -1} of W {yields} e{nu} collider data at D0 using a novel method to model the hadronic recoil. The mass is extracted from fits to the transverse mass M{sub T}, p{sub T}(e), and E{sub T} distributions. The width is extracted from fits to the tail of the M{sub T} distribution. The electron energy measurement is simulated using a parameterized model, and the recoil is modeled using a new technique by which Z recoils are chosen from a data library to match the p{sub T} and direction of each generated W boson. We measure the the W boson mass to be M{sub W} = 80.4035 {+-} 0.024(stat) {+-} 0.039(syst) from the M{sub T}, M{sub W} = 80.4165 {+-} 0.027(stat) {+-} 0.038(syst) from the pT(e), and MW = 80.4025 {+-} 0.023(stat) {+-} 0.043(syst) from the E{sub T} distributions. {Lambda}{sub W} is measured to be {Lambda}{sub W} = 2.025 {+-} 0.038(stat) {+-} 0.061(syst) GeV.
Date:
January 1, 2009
Creator:
Wetstein, Matthew J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ROMP-based polymer composites and biorenewable rubbers
This research is divided into two related topics. In the first topic, the synthesis and characterization of novel composite materials reinforced with MWCNTs by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is reported for two ROMP based monomers: dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB). Homogeneous dispersion of MWCNTs in the polymer matrices is achieved by grafting norbornene moieties onto the nanotube surface. For the DCPD-based system, the investigation of mechanical properties of the composites shows a remarkable increase of tensile toughness with just 0.4 wt % of functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs). To our knowledge, this represents the highest toughness enhancement efficiency in thermosetting composites ever reported. DMA results show that there is a general increase of thermal stability (rg) with the addition of f-MWCNTs, which means that covalently bonded f-MWCNTs can reduce the local chain mobility of the matrix by interfacial interactions. The ENB system also shows significant enhancement of the toughness using just 0.8 wt % f-MWCNTs. These results indicate that the ROMP approach for polyENB is also very effective. The second topic is an investigation of the biorenewable rubbers synthesized by the tandem ROMP and cationic polymerization. The resin consists of a norbornenyl-modified linseed oil and a norbornene diester. Characterization of the bio-based …
Date:
January 1, 2009
Creator:
Jeong, Wonje
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for non-standard model signatures in the WZ/ZZ final state at CDF run II
This thesis discusses a search for non-Standard Model physics in heavy diboson production in the dilepton-dijet final state, using 1.9 fb{sup -1} of data from the CDF Run II detector. New limits are set on the anomalous coupling parameters for ZZ and WZ production based on limiting the production cross-section at high {cflx s}. Additionally limits are set on the direct decay of new physics to ZZ andWZ diboson pairs. The nature and parameters of the CDF Run II detector are discussed, as are the influences that it has on the methods of our analysis.
Date:
January 1, 2009
Creator:
Norman, Matthew & /UC, San Diego
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for the Higgs boson produced in association with a W boson at CDF Run II
We present a search for standard model Higgs boson production in association with a W boson in proton-antiproton collisions (p{bar p} {yields} W{sup {+-}}H {yields} {ell}{nu}b{bar b}) at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV. WH candidate events have a signature of a single lepton (E{sup {+-}}/{mu}{sup {+-}}), missing transverse energy, and two jets. The search looks for candidate events in approximately 2.7 fb{sup -1} of data recorded with the CDF II detector. The high-p{sub T} lepton (e,{mu}) in the events provides a distinct signature for triggering and most of the events in the dataset come from high-p{sub t} lepton triggers. Our analysis improves on prior searches by including events recorded on the E{sub T} + 2 Jets trigger with a lepton reconstructed as an isolated high-p{sub T} charged particle. We increase the sample purity by identifying ('tagging') long-lived b-hadrons in jets. A neural network combines distinguishing kinematic information into a function optimized for WH sensitivity. The neural network output distributions are consistent with the standard model background expectations and we set limits upper limits on the rate of Higgs production. We set 95% confidence level upper limits on the WH production cross section times branching ratio for Higgs …
Date:
January 1, 2009
Creator:
Slaunwhite, Jason Michael
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Structural/magnetic phase transitions and superconductivity in Ba(Fe<sub>1-x</sub>TM<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> (TM=Co, Ni, Cu, Co/Cu, Rh and Pd) single crystals
Since its discovery in 1911, superconductivity has been one of the most actively studied fields in condensed matter physics and has attracted immense experimental and theoretical effort. At this point in time, with more and more superconductors discovered in elements, alloys, intermetallic compounds and oxides, it is becoming clear that superconductivity is actually not so rare in nature. Almost half of the elements in the periodic table and hundreds of compounds have been found to be superconducting. Fig. 1.1 shows the milestones in discovering higher T<sub>c</sub> superconductors. Among the elemental superconductors, Niobium has the highest superconducting transition temperature, T<sub>c</sub>, of 9.5 K. This record held for more than ten years, until the discovery of niobium nitride which superconducts below 16 K. It took another thirty years for T<sub>c</sub> to increase from 16 K in niobium nitride to 23 K in niobium germanium.
Date:
January 1, 2009
Creator:
Ni, Ni
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Study of Charged Current Single Charged Pion Productions on Carbon in a Few-GeV Neutrino Beam
Understanding single charged pion production via neutrino-nucleus charged current interaction in the neutrino energy region of a few GeV is essential for future neutrino oscillation experiments since this process is a dominant background for {nu}{sub {mu}} {yields} {nu}{sub x} oscillation measurements. There are two contributions to this process: single pion production via baryonic resonance ({nu}{sub {mu}}N {yields} {mu}{sup -} N{pi}{sup +}) and coherent pion production interacting with the entire nucleus ({nu}{sub {mu}}A {yields} {mu}{sup -} A{pi}{sup +}), where N is nucleon in the nucleus and A is the nucleus. The purpose of the study presented in this thesis is a precise measurement of charged current single charged pion productions, resonant and coherent pion productions, with a good final state separation in the neutrino energy region of a few GeV. In this thesis, we focus on the study of charged current coherent pion production from muon neutrinos scattering on carbon, {nu}{sub {mu}} {sup 12}C {yields} {mu}{sup -12}C{pi}{sup +}, in the SciBooNE experiment. This is motivated by the fact that without measuring this component first, the precise determination of resonant pion production cross section can not be achieved since the contribution of coherent pion production in the region of small muon scattering …
Date:
January 1, 2009
Creator:
Hiraide, Katsuki & U., /Kyoto
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Surface modes at metallic an photonic crystal interfaces
A surface mode is an electromagnetic field distribution bounded at a surface. It decays exponentially with the distance from the surface on both sides of the surface and propagates at the surface. The surface mode exists at a metal-dielectric interface as surface plasmon (1) or at a photonic crystal surface terminated properly (34; 35; 36). Besides its prominent near-filed properties, it can connect structures at its propagation surface and results in far-field effects. Extraordinary transmission (EOT) and beaming are two examples and they are the subjects I am studying in this thesis. EOT means the transmission through holes in an opaque screen can be much larger than the geometrical optics limitation. Based on our everyday experience about shadows, the transmission equals the filling ratio of the holes in geometrical optics. The conventional diffraction theory also proved that the transmission through a subwavelength circular hole in an infinitely thin perfect electric conductor (PEC) film converges to zero when the hole's dimension is much smaller than the wavelength (40). Recently it is discovered that the transmission can be much larger than the the filling ratio of the holes at some special wavelengths (41). This cannot be explained by conventional theories, so it …
Date:
January 1, 2009
Creator:
Dai, Weitao
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Synthesis, characterization, and application of surface-functionalized ordered mesoporous nanoparticles
The dissertation begins with Chapter 1, which is a general introduction of the fundamental synthesis of mesoporous silica materials, the selective functionlization of mesoporous silica materials, and the synthesis of nanostructured porous materials via nanocasting. In Chapter 2, the thermo-responsive polymer coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) was synthesized via surface-initated polymerization and exhibited unique partition activities in a biphasic solution with the thermally induced change. In Chapter 3, the monodispersed spherical MSN with different mesoporous structure (MCM-48) was developed and employed as a template for the synthesis of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCN) via nanocasting. MCN was demonstrated for the delivery of membrane impermeable chemical agents inside the cells. The cellular uptake efficiency and biocompabtibility of MCN with human cervical cancer cells were also investigated. In addition to the biocompabtibility of MCN, MCN was demonstrated to support Rh-Mn nanoparticles for catalytic reaction in Chapter 4. Owing to the unique mesoporosity, Rh-Mn nanoparticles can be well distributed inside the mesoporous structure and exhibited interesting catalytic performance on CO hydrogenation. In Chapter 5, the synthesis route of the aforementioned MCM-48 MSN was discussed and investigated in details and other metal oxide nanoparticles were also developed via nanocasting by using MCM-48 MSN as a …
Date:
January 1, 2009
Creator:
Chung, Po-Wen
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of CP Content and Time-Dependent CP Violation in B0 --> D*+D*- Decays
This dissertation presents the measurement of the Cp-odd fraction and time-dependent CP violation parameters for the B{sup 0} {yields} D*{sup +} D*{sup -} decay. These results are based on the full BABAR dataset of (467 {+-} 5) x 10{sup 6} B{bar B} pairs collected at the PEP-II B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. An angular analysis finds that the CP-odd fraction of the B{sup 0} {yields} D*{sup +} D*{sup -} decay is R{sub {perpendicular}} = 0.158 {+-} 0.028 {+-} 0.006, where the first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. A fit to the flavor-tagged, time-dependent, angular decay rate yields C{sub +} = 0.02 {+-} 0.12 {+-} 0.02; C{sub {perpendicular}} = 0.41 {+-} 0.50 {+-} 0.08; S{sub +} = -0.76 {+-} 0.16 {+-} 0.04; S{sub {perpendicular}} = -1.81 {+-} 0.71 {+-} 0.16, for the CP-odd ({perpendicular}) and CP-even (+) contributions. Constraining these two contributions to be the same results in C = 0.047 {+-} 0.091 {+-} 0.019; S = -0.71 {+-} 0.16 {+-} 0.03. These measurements are consistent with the Standard Model and with measurements of sin2{beta} from B{sup 0} {yields} (c{bar c})K{sup 0} decays.
Date:
January 5, 2009
Creator:
Anderson, Jacob M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design of a rural water provision system to decrease arsenic exposure in Bangladesh
Researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have invented ARUBA (Arsenic Removal Using Bottom Ash) a material that effectively and affordably removes high concentrations of arsenic from contaminated groundwater. The technology is cost-effective because the substrate?bottom ash from coal fired power plants?is a waste material readily available in South Asia. During fieldwork in four sub-districts ofBangladesh, ARUBA reduced groundwater arsenic concentrations as high as 680 ppb to below the Bangladesh standard of 50 ppb. Key results from three trips in Bangladesh and one trip to Cambodia include (1) ARUBA removes more than half of the arsenic from contaminated water within the first five minutes of contact, andcontinues removing arsenic for 2-3 days; (2) ARUBA?s arsenic removal efficiency can be improved through fractionated dosing (adding a given amount of ARUBA in fractions versus all at once); (3) allowing water to first stand for two to three days followed by treatment with ARUBA produced final arsenic concentrations ten times lower than treating water directly out of the well; and (4) the amount of arsenic removed per gram of ARUBA is linearly related to the initial arsenic concentrationof the water. Through analysis of existing studies, observations, and informal interviews in Bangladesh, eight design …
Date:
January 7, 2009
Creator:
Mathieu, Johanna
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in proton-antiproton collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV, hadronic top decays with the D0 detector
Of the six quarks in the standard model the top quark is by far the heaviest: 35 times more massive than its partner the bottom quark and more than 130 times heavier than the average of the other five quarks. Its correspondingly small decay width means it tends to decay before forming a bound state. Of all quarks, therefore, the top is the least affected by quark confinement, behaving almost as a free quark. Its large mass also makes the top quark a key player in the realm of the postulated Higgs boson, whose coupling strengths to particles are proportional to their masses. Precision measurements of particle masses for e.g. the top quark and the W boson can hereby provide indirect constraints on the Higgs boson mass. Since in the standard model top quarks couple almost exclusively to bottom quarks (t {yields} Wb), top quark decays provide a window on the standard model through the direct measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix element V{sub tb}. In the same way any lack of top quark decays into W bosons could imply the existence of decay channels beyond the standard model, for example charged Higgs bosons as expected in two-doublet Higgs …
Date:
January 16, 2009
Creator:
Hegeman, Jeroen Guido
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurements of Time-Dependent CP-Asymmetry Parameters in B Meson Decays to \eta^{\prime} K^0 and of Branching Fractions of SU(3) Related Modes with BaBar Experiment at SLAC
In this thesis work we have measured the following upper limits at 90% of confidence level, for B meson decays (in units of 10{sup -6}), using a statistics of 465.0 x 10{sup 6} B{bar B} pairs: {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}K{sup 0}) < 1.6 {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{eta}) < 1.4 {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{prime}{eta}{prime}) < 2.1 {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{phi}) < 0.52 {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{omega}) < 1.6 {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{prime}{phi}) < 1.2 {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{prime}{omega}) < 1.7 We have no observation of any decay mode, statistical significance for our measurements is in the range 1.3-3.5 standard deviation. We have a 3.5{sigma} evidence for B {yields} {eta}{omega} and a 3.1 {sigma} evidence for B {yields} {eta}{prime}{omega}. The absence of observation of the B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}K{sup 0} open an issue related to the large difference compared to the charged mode B{sup +} {yields} {eta}K{sup +} branching fraction, which is measured to be 3.7 {+-} 0.4 {+-} 0.1 [118]. Our results represent substantial improvements of the previous ones [109, 110, 111] and are consistent with theoretical predictions. All these results were presented at Flavor Physics and CP Violation (FPCP) 2008 Conference, that took place in Taipei, Taiwan. They will be …
Date:
January 22, 2009
Creator:
Biassoni, Pietro & U., /Milan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiative B Meson Decay as a Probe of Physics Beyond the Standard Model: Time-Dependent CP Violation in B0 --> KS pi0 gamma and the B --> phi K gamma Branching Fraction
The author presents measurements of radiative B meson decays to the final states K{sub s}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}{gamma} and K{phi}{gamma} based on data collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e{sup +}e{sup -} collider at SLAC. In a data sample of 467 million B{bar B} pairs, the time-dependent CP asymmetry in B{sup 0} {yields} K{sub s}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}{gamma} decays is measured in two regions of K{sub s}{sup 0}-{pi}{sup 0} invariant mass. In the K* region, 0.8 < m(K{sub s}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}) < 1.0 GeV/c{sup 2}, we find S{sub K*{gamma}} = -0.03 {+-} 0.29 {+-} 0.03 and C{sub K*{gamma}} = -0.14 {+-} 0.16 {+-} 0.03; in the range 1.1 < m(K{sub s}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}) < 1.8 GeV/c{sup 2}, they find S{sub K{sub s}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}{gamma}} = -0.78 {+-} 0.59 {+-} 0.09 and C{sub K{sub s}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}{gamma}} = -0.36 {+-} 0.33 {+-} 0.04. With a sample of 228 million B{bar B} pairs they measure the branching fraction {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} K{sup +}{phi}{gamma}) = (3.5 {+-} 0.6 {+-} 0.4) x 10{sup -6} and set the limit {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup 0}{phi}{gamma}) < 2.7 x 10{sup -6} at 90% confidence level. The direct CP asymmetry in B{sup +} {yields} …
Date:
January 22, 2009
Creator:
Tuggle, Joseph Marion, IV
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SAMPLING AND MASS SPECTROMETRY APPROACHES FOR THE DETECTION OF DRUGS AND FOREIGN CONTAMINANTS IN BREATH FOR HOMELAND SECURITY APPLICATIONS
Homeland security relies heavily on analytical chemistry to identify suspicious materials and persons. Traditionally this role has focused on attribution, determining the type and origin of an explosive, for example. But as technology advances, analytical chemistry can and will play an important role in the prevention and preemption of terrorist attacks. More sensitive and selective detection techniques can allow suspicious materials and persons to be identified even before a final destructive product is made. The work presented herein focuses on the use of commercial and novel detection techniques for application to the prevention of terrorist activities. Although drugs are not commonly thought of when discussing terrorism, narcoterrorism has become a significant threat in the 21st century. The role of the drug trade in the funding of terrorist groups is prevalent; thus, reducing the trafficking of illegal drugs can play a role in the prevention of terrorism by cutting off much needed funding. To do so, sensitive, specific, and robust analytical equipment is needed to quickly identify a suspected drug sample no matter what matrix it is in. Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (SPAMS) is a novel technique that has previously been applied to biological and chemical detection. The current work …
Date:
January 27, 2009
Creator:
Martin, A N
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of Neutrino-Nucleon Neutral-Current Elastic Scattering Cross-section at SciBooNE
In this thesis, results of neutrino-nucleon neutral current (NC) elastic scattering analysis are presented. Neutrinos interact with other particles only with weak force. Measurement of cross-section for neutrino-nucleon reactions at various neutrino energy are important for the study of nucleon structure. It also provides data to be used for beam flux monitor in neutrino oscillation experiments. The cross-section for neutrino-nucleon NC elastic scattering contains the axial vector form factor G{sub A}(Q{sup 2}) as well as electromagnetic form factors unlike electromagnetic interaction. G{sub A} is propotional to strange part of nucleon spin ({Delta}s) in Q{sup 2} {yields} 0 limit. Measurement of NC elastic cross-section with smaller Q{sup 2} enables us to access {Delta}s. NC elastic cross-sections of neutrino-nucleon and antineutrino-nucleon were measured earlier by E734 experiment at Brookheaven National Laboratory (BNL) in 1987. In this experiment, cross-sections were measured in Q{sup 2} > 0.4 GeV{sup 2} region. Result from this experiment was the only published data for NC elastic scattering cross-section published before our experiment. SciBooNE is an experiment for the measurement of neutrino-nucleon scattering cross-secitons using Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at FNAL. BNB has energy peak at 0.7 GeV. In this energy region, NC elastic scattering, charged current elastic scattering, …
Date:
February 1, 2009
Creator:
Takei, Hideyuki & Tech., /Tokyo Inst.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the B/s0 lifetime in B/s0 --> K+ K- decays
A method is presented to simultaneously separate the contributions to a sample of B{sub (s)}{sup 0} {yields} h{sup +}h{sup {prime}-} decays, where h = {pi} or K, and measure the B meson lifetimes in the sample while correcting for the bias in the lifetime distributions due to the hadronic trigger at the CDF experiment. Using 1 fb{sup -1} of data collected at CDF the B{sup 0} lifetime is measured as {tau}{sub B{sup 0}} = 1.558{sub -0.047}{sup +0.050}{sub stat} {+-} 0.028{sub syst} ps, in agreement with the world average measurement. The B{sub s}{sup 0} lifetime in the B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}K{sup -} decay is measured as {tau}{sub B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}K{sup -}} = 1.51{sub -0.11}{sup +0.13}{sub stat} {+-} 0.04{sub syst} ps. No difference is observed between the lifetime and other measurements of the average B{sub s}{sup 0} lifetime or the lifetime of the light B{sub s}{sup 0} mass eigenstate determined from B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}{phi} decays. With the assumptions that B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}K{sup -} is 100% CP-even and that {tau}{sub B{sub s}{sup 0}} = {tau}{sub B{sup 0}} the width difference in the B{sub s}{sup 0} system is determined as {Delta}{Lambda}{sup CP}/{Lambda} = 0.03{sub …
Date:
February 1, 2009
Creator:
Pounder, Nicola Louise
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the branching fraction Bs->Ds(*)Ds(*) using the D0 detector at Fermilab
This thesis describes a measurement of the branching fraction Br(B{sup 0}{sub s} {yields} D{sup (*)}{sub s} D{sup (*)}{sub s}) made using a data sample collected from proton-antiproton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, corresponding to approximately 1.3 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity collected in 2002--2006 by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. One D{sup (*)}{sub s} meson was partially reconstructed in the decay D{sub s} {yields} {phi}{mu}{nu}, and the other D{sup (*)}{sub s} meson was identified using the decay D{sub s} {yields} {phi}{pi} where no attempt was made to distinguish D{sub s} and D{sup *}{sub s} states. The resulting measurement is Br(B{sup 0}{sub s} {yields} D{sup (*)}{sub s} D{sup (*)}{sub s}) = 0.039{sup +0.019}{sub -0.017}(stat){sup +0.016}{sub -0.015}(syst). This was subsequently used to estimate the width difference {Delta}{Gamma}{sup CP}{sub s} in the B{sup 0}{sub s}-{anti B}{sup 0}{sub s} system: {Delta}{Gamma}{sup CP}{sub s}/{Gamma}{sub s} = 0.079{sup +0.038}{sub -0.035}(stat){sup +0.031}{sub 0.030}(syst), and is currently one of the most precise estimates of this quantity and consistent with the Standard Model.
Date:
February 1, 2009
Creator:
Walder, James William
System:
The UNT Digital Library
First evidence for WW and WZ diboson production with semi-leptonic decays at a Hadron Collider
Presented is a measurement of the simultaneous production of a W{sup {+-}} boson in association with a second weak boson (W{sup {+-}} or Z{sup 0}) in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV. Events are consider with one electron or one muon, missing transverse energy, and at least two hadronic jets. The data were collected by the D0 detector in Run IIa of the Tevatron accelerator and correspond to 1.07 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity for each of the two channels (WW/WZ {yields} e{nu}q{bar q} and WW/WZ {yields} {mu}{nu}q{bar q}). The cross section for WW + WZ production is measured to be 20.2 {+-} 2.5(stat) {+-} 3.6(sys) {+-} 1.2(lum) pb with a Gaussian significance of 4.4 standard deviations above the background-only scenario. This measurement is consistent with the Standard Model prediction and represents the first direct evidence for WW and WZ production with semi-leptonic decays at a hadron collider.
Date:
March 1, 2009
Creator:
Haley, Joseph Glenn Biddle
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the Oscillation Frequency of B_s Mesons in the Hadronic Decay Mode B_s-> pi D_s(phi pi)X$ with the D0 Detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider
The standard model (SM) of particle physics is a theory, describing three out of four fundamental forces. In this model the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix describes the transformation between the mass and weak eigenstates of quarks. The matrix properties can be visualized as triangles in the complex plane. A precise measurement of all triangle parameters can be used to verify the validity of the SM. The least precisely measured parameter of the triangle is related to the CKM element |V{sub td}|, accessible through the mixing frequency (oscillation) of neutral B mesons, where mixing is the transition of a neutral meson into its anti-particle and vice versa. It is possible to calculate the CKM element |V{sub td}| and a related element |V{sub ts}| by measuring the mass differences {Delta}m{sub d} ({Delta}m{sub s}) between neutral B{sub d} and {bar B}{sub d} (B{sub s} and {bar B}{sub s}) meson mass eigenstates. This measurement is accomplished by tagging the initial and final state of decaying B mesons and determining their lifetime. Currently the Fermilab Tevatron Collider (providing p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV) is the only place, where B{sub s} oscillations can be studied. The first selection of the 'golden', fully hadronic decay …
Date:
March 1, 2009
Creator:
Weber, Gernot August & /Mainz U., Inst. Phys.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the Single Top Quark Production Cross Section in 1.96-TeV Proton-Antiproton Collisions
Top quarks are predominantly produced in pairs via the strong interaction in {bar p}p collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV . The top quark has a weak isospin 1/2, composing a weak isospin doublet with the bottom quark. This characteristic predicts not only top quark pair production via strong interaction but also single production together with a bottom quark via weak interaction. However, finding single top quark production is challenging since it is rarely produced ({sigma}{sub singletop} = 2.9 pb) against background processes with the same final state like W+jets and t{bar t}. A measurement of electroweak single top production probes the W-t-b vertex, which provides a direct determination of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element |V{sub tb}|. The sample offers a source of almost 100% polarized top quarks. This thesis describes an optimized search for s-channel single top quark production and a measurement of the single top production cross section using 2.7 fb{sup -1} of data accumulated with the CDF detector. We are using events with one high-p{sub T} lepton, large missing E{sub T} and two identified b-quark jets where one jet is identified using a secondary vertex tagger, called SecVtx, and the other jet is identified using SecVtx or …
Date:
March 1, 2009
Creator:
Nakamura, Koji
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neutrino and antineutrino inclusive charged-current cross section measurement with the MINOS near detector
This thesis presents the measurement of energy dependence of the neutrino-nucleon inclusive charged current cross section on an isoscalar target in the range 3-50 GeV for neutrinos and 5-50 GeV energy range for antineutrinos. The data set was collected with the MINOS Near Detector using the wide band NuMI beam at Fermilab. The size of the charged current sample is 1.94 x 10{sup 6} neutrino events and 1.60 x 10{sup 5} antineutrino events. The flux has been extracted using a low hadronic energy sub-sample of the charged current events. The energy dependence of the cross section is obtained by dividing the charged current sample with the extracted flux. The neutrino and antineutrino cross section exhibits a linear dependence on energy at high energy but shows deviations from linear behavior at low energy. We also present a measurement of the ratio of antineutrino to neutrino inclusive cross section.
Date:
March 1, 2009
Creator:
Bhattacharya, Debdatta & U., /Pittsburgh
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simulation free measurement of the B+ lifetime using decays selected using displaced tracks
The lifetime of the B{sup {+-}} meson is measured using the decay channel B{sup +} {yields} {bar D}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}. The measurement is made using approximately 1.0 fb{sup -1} of Tevatron proton-anti-proton collision data at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV collected by the CDF detector. The data were collected using impact parameter based triggers that were designed to select events with a secondary vertex. The trigger selection criteria result in data rich in a variety of B hadron decays, but intrinsically bias the lifetime distribution of the collected signal events. The traditional way to compensate for the bias is to use information from simulation. Presented here is a new method for correction of the lifetime bias using an analytical technique that uses information from the data only. This eliminates measurement uncertainty due to data and simulation agreement, ultimately resulting in a smaller systematic measurement uncertainty. The B{sup {+-}} lifetime measurement is the first measurement using this new technique and demonstrates its potential for use in future measurements. The B{sup {+-}} lifetime is measured to be {tau}(B{sup {+-}}) = 1.662 {+-} 0.023(stat) {+-} 0.015(syst)ps.
Date:
March 1, 2009
Creator:
Malde, Sneha
System:
The UNT Digital Library