The Department of Energy has proposed a methodology for developing a ground-motion design basis for prospective facilities at Yucca Mountain that are important to safety. The methodology utilizes a quasi-deterministic construct that is designed to provide a conservative, robust, and reproducible estimate of ground motion that has a one-in-ten chance of occurring during the preclosure period. This estimate is intended to define a ground-motion level for which the seismic design would ensure minimal disruption to operations; engineering analyses to ensure safe performance in the unlikely event that the design basis is exceeded are a part of the proposed methodology. 8 refs.

We focus on the potentialities of nucleon-antinucleon ({bar N}N) annihilation as a means of producing new mesonic states. The case for the existence of quasinuclear {bar N}N bound states is discussed in detail. Strong evidence for a 2{sup ++}(0{sup +}) state of this type has been obtained at LEAR in annihilation from the p-wave (L = 1) {bar N}N system, in support of earlier sightings of this object in L = 0 annihilation at Brookhaven. In the next generation of LEAR experiments, the emphasis shifts to the search for mesons containing dynamical excitations of the gluonic field, namely glueballs and hybrids (Q{bar Q}g). We discuss some features of the masses, decay branching ratios and production mechanisms for these states, and suggest particular {bar N}N annihilation channels which are optimal for their discovery. 59 refs., 15 figs.

Bench-scale reactor tests are under way at Pacific Northwest Laboratory to develop a low-temperature, catalytic gasification system. The system, licensed under the trade name Thermochemical Environmental Energy System (TEES{reg sign}), is designed for to a wide variety of feedstocks ranging from dilute organics in water to waste sludges from food processing. The current research program is focused on the use of a continuous-feed, tubular reactor. The catalyst is nickel metal on an inert support. Typical results show that feedstocks such as solutions of 2% para-cresol or 5% and 10% lactose in water or cheese whey can be processed to >99% reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) at a rate of up to 2 L/hr. The estimated residence time is less than 5 min at 360{degree}C and 3000 psig, not including 1 to 2 min required in the preheating zone of the reactor. The liquid hourly space velocity has been varied from 1.8 to 2.9 L feedstock/L catalyst/hr depending on the feedstock. The product fuel gas contains 40% to 55% methane, 35% to 50% carbon dioxide, and 5% to 10% hydrogen with as much as 2% ethane, but less than 0.1% ethylene or carbon monoxide, and small amounts of higher hydrocarbons. …

In all active liquid-dominated geothermal systems there is continuous circulation of mass and transfer of heat, otherwise they would slowly cool and fade away. In the natural state these systems are in dynamic equilibrium with the surrounding colder groundwater aquifers. The ascending geothermal fluids cool conductively, boil, or mix with groundwaters, and ultimately may discharge at the surface as fumaroles or hot springs. With the start of fluid production and the lowering of reservoir pressure, the natural equilibrium is disrupted and cooler groundwater tends to enter the reservoir. Improperly constructed or damaged wells, and wells located near the margins of the geothermal system, exhibit temperature reductions (and possibly scaling from mixing of chemically distinct fluids) as the cooler-water moves into the reservoir. These negative effects, especially in peripheral wells are, however, compensated by the maintenance of reservoir pressure and a reduction in reservoir boiling that might result in mineral precipitation in the formation pores and fractures. The positive effect of cold groundwater entry on the behavior of liquid-dominated system is illustrated by using simple reservoir models. The simulation results show that even though groundwater influx into the reservoir causes cooling of fluids produced from wells located near the cold-water recharge …

Measurement of forces present at various locations within the SSC Model Dipole collared coil assembly is of great practical interest to development engineers. Of particular interest are the forces between coils at the parting plane and forces that exist between coils and pole pieces. It is also desired to observe these forces under the various conditions that a magnet will experience such as: during the collaring process, post-collaring, under the influence of cryogens, and during field excitation. A twenty eight thousandths of an inch thick capacitor load cell which utilizes the hydrostatic condition of a stressed plastic dielectric has been designed. These cells are currently being installed on SSC Model Dipoles. The theory, development, and application of these cells will be discussed.

In-situ TEM studies of the development of the damage structure produced by heavy ion irradiations have been performed in copper and nickel to investigate the possibility that melting occurs in local regions within displacement cascades. These experiments reveal that as the ion dose increases additional loops form from isolated displacement cascades, but more surprisingly some fo the pre-existing loops are annihilated, change position, size and/or Burgers vector. It was also found that the probability for loop formation and the defect image size are greater in copper than in nickel even at temperatures well below stage 3. It will be demonstrated that these observations provide supporting evidence, albeit indirect, that local melting occurs within the cascade core. These results will be compared to the molecular dynamic computer simulations of the damage created by low energy self-ions in copper and nickel. 15 refs., 4 figs.

Anyons are particles with fractional statistics. They can exist as point particles in a 2+1 dimension, or as quasiparticles in quasiplanar condensed matter systems in the real world. Anyonic particles can be modeled by ordinary bosons or fermions coupled to a statistical'' Chern-Simons abelian gauge field. For certain values of the statistics phase, a plasma of anyons in the Chern-Simons description is a superconductor. Anyonic superconductivity may represent an idealized limit of a new type of superconductor in real systems, perhaps encompassing the recently discovered high {Tc} copper oxides. 42 refs.

The SSCTRK numerical simulation tracking code has been used to study the benefit of increasing the SSC dipole magnet aperture from 4 to 5 cm. This study has been carried out for both hypothetical highly corrected and plausibly corrected machines, the former having no systematic multipole errors and chromaticity identically zero. The choice of tune values, phase advance per cell, random multipole errors, systematic multipole errors and chromaticity (for the plausibly corrected machines), closed orbit error, the criterion for particle loss, etc. are set forth in detail. Runs of 10{sup 5} turns and 3 {times} 10{sup 6} turns are presented together with the approximate dynamic apertures they yield from their particle loss patterns.

This document summarizes results from a workshop held April 5--7, 1990, on the proposed Combustion Dynamics Facility (CDF). The workshop was hosted by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) to provide an opportunity for potential users to learn about the proposed experimental and computational facilities, to discuss the science that could be conducted with such facilities, and to offer suggestions as to how the specifications and design of the proposed facilities might be further refined to address the most visionary scientific opportunities. Some 130 chemical physicists, combustion chemists, and specialists in UV synchrotron radiation sources and free-electron lasers (more than half of whom were from institutions other than LBL and SNL) attended the five plenary sessions and participated in one or more of the nine parallel working group sessions. Seven of these sessions were devoted to broadening and strengthening the scope of CDF scientific opportunities and to detail the experimental facilities required to realize these opportunities. Two technical working group sessions addressed the design and proposed performance of two of the major CDF experimental facilities. These working groups and their chairpersons are listed below. A full listing of the attendees of the workshop is given in …

Complex fragment (Z>6) production was studied in three reverse- kinematic reactions: 50 MeV/A {sup 197}Au + {sup 12}C, {sup 27}Al, and {sup nat}Cu. Typical inclusive cross sections are shown, as well as exclusive results for 2- , 3-, and higher-fold events. Reconstructing the source velocity of these fragments and using a simple incomplete fusion model gives a reliable measure of the impact parameter and excitation energy of the reactions producing these fragments. A clear progression from peripheral (cold) events to more central (very hot) events is seen as function of source velocity. The primary production of fragments in the {sup 197}Au + {sup 12}C and {sup 27}Al reactions is consistent with statistical emission from a thermalized source, up to approximately 5 MeV/A of excitation energy. For the {sup nat}Cu target, another significant source of fragment emission is observed. 20 refs., 15 figs.

We describe a manifold of quantum group structures on the vector space of the universal enveloping algebra of gl(n) and on its dual, the space of polynomials in n{sup 2} variables. The dimension of the manifolds is (n{sup 2} {minus} n + 2)/2. 7 refs.

CPS is a package of software tools for splitting a computational task, called a job, among a set of processes distributed over one or more processors. It is designed to function as a tool for solving computing problems which require many computing cycles per I/O byte, and is well suited for computing platforms consisting of farms'' of processors, operating in parallel. This paper describes three essential features of CPS: data transfers between cooperating processes, remote subroutine calls, and process queues. 5 figs.

Any measurement task requires a fixed reference base (the datum) from which measurements can be made and calculated. The linac was the datum to which all SLC components were aligned; although this reference existed as a physical object, the actual establishment of the datum and its transferral to datums that were more useful for the SLC installation challenged the technology and computational ability of the survey group. Once established, the maintenance of datums is not to be taken for granted, as demonstrated by the 1989 earthquake which destroyed all SLAC's survey datums. 7 refs., 6 figs.

A small low energy cyclotron (the cyclotrino''), which was proposed for direct detection of radiocarbon in 1980, has now detected radiocarbon at natural abundance. This device combines the suppression of background through the use of negative ions with the high intrinsic mass resolution of a cyclotron. A high current cesium sputter negative ion source generates a beam of carbon ions which is pre-separated with Wien filter and is transported to the cyclotron via a series of electrostatic lenses. Beam is injected radially into the cyclotron using electrostatic deflectors and an electrostatic mirror. Axial focusing is entirely electrostatic. A microchannel plate detector is used with a phase-gated output. Data is presented showing resolution of radiocarbon at natural abundance. In its present form the system is capable of improving the sensitivity of detecting {sup 14}C in some biomedical experiments by a factor of 10{sup 4}. Modifications are discussed which could bring about an additional factor of 100 in sensitivity, which is important for archaeological and geological applications. Possibilities for measurements of other isotopes are discussed. 16 refs., 7 figs.

Detector backgrounds at the Stanford Linear Collider are discussed with emphasis on their sources, and methods of controlling them. 5 refs., 7 figs.

We measure the differential jet multiplicity distribution in e{sup {plus}}e{sup {minus}} annihilation with the Mark 2 detector. This distribution is compared with the second order QCD prediction and {alpha}{sub s} is determined to be 0.123 {plus minus} 0.009 {plus minus} 0.005 at {radical}s {approximately} M{sub Z} (at SLC) and 0.149 {plus minus} 0.002 {plus minus} 0.007 at {radical}s = 29 GeV (at PEP). The running of {alpha}{sub s} between these two center of mass energies is consistent with the QCD prediction. The Q{sup 2} dependence of the {Lambda}{sub {ovr MS}} determination is also discussed. 21 refs., 3 figs.

Microstructurally-induced changes in the local stress state (triaxial constraint) and their effect on fracture-toughness behavior are examined at ambient and cryogenic temperatures in an Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy, processed in the form of 12.7 mm-thick naturally laminated'' plate containing aligned-weak interfaces and 1.6 mm-thin unlaminated sheet. It is shown that marked improvements in long-transverse (L-T) toughness can be achieved in the plate material at cryogenic temperatures by promoting through-thickness delamination along these interfaces, which relaxes local constraint and promotes a fracture-mode transition from global plane strain to local plane stress. Conversely, in thin sheet material, the absence of such interface delamination leads to a reduction in toughness with decrease in temperature, consistent with the greater degree of crack-tip constraint. 17 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

To meet the helium (He) requirements of the superconducting supercollider (SSC), the cryogenic plants must be able to respond to time-varying loads. Thus the design and simulation of the cryogenic plants requires dynamic models of their principal components, and in particular, the core heat exchangers. In this paper, we detail the derivation and computer implementation of a model for core heat exchangers consisting of three partial differential equations (PDES) for each fluid stream (the continuity, energy and momentum balances for the He), and one PDE for each parting sheet (the energy balance for the parting sheet metal); the PDEs have time and axial position along the exchanger as independent variables. The computer code can accommodate any number of fluid streams and parting sheets in an adiabatic group. Features of the code include: rigorous or approximate thermodynamic properties for He, upwind and downwind approximation of the PDE spatial derivatives, and sparse matrix time integration. The outputs from the code include the time-dependent axial profiles of the fluid He mass flux, density, pressure, temperature, internal energy and enthalpy. The code is written in transportable Fortran 77, and can therefore be executed on essentially any computer.

Conceptual designs for some SSC instrumentation is given. Stripline beam position monitors, appropriate for cryogenic operation are described, along with plans for their A/D conversion and recording. A global timing system based on fibre optics is described; it is to be capable of {plus minus}100 psec accuracy over many tens of kilometers. Stabilization is patterned after a scheme in use at CERN. Timing pulses (roughly 60 MHz) as well as pulses synchronized to the various frequency modulated RF systems are distributed and scaled by digital clocks situated at those locations where accurate timing is required. Finally, a digital control circuit to be used for synchronizing beam transfer the Low Energy Booster to the Medium Energy Booster is described. It is based on controlling the relative phases of the two RF systems even though one of the frequencies is variable. 4 refs., 10 figs.

The effect of internal hydrogen on the formation of vacancy dislocation loops from heavy-ion generated displacement cascades in Al has been investigated. Samples of high-purity aluminum and aluminum containing 900 and 1300 appM of hydrogen were irradiated at room temperature with 50 keV Kr+ ions. The ion dose rate was typically 2 {times} 10{sup 10}ions cm{sup {minus}2} sec{sup {minus}1} and the ion dose was between 10{sup 11} and 10{sup 13} ion cm{sup {minus}2}. Under these irradiation conditions, dislocation loops were observed in all compositions, although the formation probability was relatively low (less than 10 percent of the displacement cascades produced a vacancy loop). The loop formation probability was further reduced by the presence of hydrogen. No difference in the geometry or the size of the loops created in the hydrogen free and hydrogen charged samples was found. These results are difficult to interpret, and the explanation may lie in the distribution and form of the hydrogen. To account for the large hydrogen concentrations and from calculations of the energy associated with hydrogen entry into aluminum, it has been suggested that the hydrogen enters the aluminum lattice with an accompanying vacancy. This will create hydrogen-vacancy complexes in the material; two dimensional …

The preliminary specifications for various new detectors throughout the world including those at the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) already make it clear that existing event building techniques will be inadequate for the high trigger and data rates anticipated for these detectors. In the world of high-energy physics many approaches have been taken to solving the problem of reading out data from a whole detector and presenting a complete event to the physicist, while simultaneously keeping deadtime to a minimum. This paper includes a review of multiprocessor and telecommunications interconnection networks and how these networks relate to event building in general, illustrating advantages of the various approaches. It presents a more detailed study of recent research into new event building techniques which incorporate much greater parallelism to better accommodate high data rates. The future in areas such as front-end electronics architectures, high speed data links, event building and online processor arrays is also examined. Finally, details of a scalable parallel data acquisition system architecture being developed at Fermilab are given. 35 refs., 31 figs., 1 tab.

The 2 billion square meters (m{sup 2}) of building windows in the United States cause a national energy drain almost as large as the energy supply of the Alaskan oil pipeline. Unlike the pipeline, the drain of energy through windows will continue well into the 21st century. A part of this energy drain is due to unwanted sun gain through windows. This is a problem throughout the country in commercial buildings because they generally require air conditioning even in cold climates. New commercial windows create an additional 1600 MW demand for peak electric power in the United States each year. Sun control films, widely used in new windows and as retrofits to old windows, help to mitigate this problem. However, conventional, static solar control films also block sunlight when it is wanted for warmth and daylighting. New electrochromic, switchable, sun-gain-control films now under development will provide more nearly optimal and automatic sun control for added comfort, decreased building operating expense, and greater energy saving. Switchable, electrochromic films can be deposited on polymers at high speeds by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) in a process that may be suitable for roll coating. This paper describes the electrochromic coatings and the …

We report on the electrostatic design and related measurements of the barrel Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector for the Stanford Large Detector experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Linear Collider. We include test results of photon feedback in TMAE-laden gas, distortion measurements in the drift boxes and corona measurements. 13 refs., 21 figs.

Fatigue-crack propagation behavior in powder-metallurgy (P/M) aluminum-lithium alloys, namely, mechanically-alloyed (MA) Al-4.0Mg-1.5Li-1.1C-0.80{sub 2} (Inco 905-XL) and rapid-solidification-processed (RSP) Al-2.6Li-1.0Cu-0.5Mg-0.5Zr (Allied 644-B) extrusions, has been studied, and results compared with data on an equivalent ingot-metallurgy (I/M) Al-Li alloy, 2090-T81 plate. Fatigue-crack growth resistance of the RSP Al-Li alloy is found to be comparable to the I/M Al-Li alloy; in contrast, crack velocities in MA 905-XL extrusions are nearly three orders of magnitude faster. Growth-rate response in both P/M Al-Li alloys, however, is high anisotropic. Results are interpreted in terms of the microstructural influence of strengthening mechanism, slip mode, grain morphology and texture on the development of crack-tip shielding from crack-path deflection and crack closure. 14 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.