Large-volume scintillation detectors are being developed for radioisotope control of unit processes. In the development work, mirror-finished aluminum foil reflectors were better than diffuse reflectors, argon flushing to remove dissolved oxygen from liquid scintillators improves the pulse amplitude, and liquid scintillators are superior to plastics. Dimethyl POPOP was found to be an excellent primary solute; optimum concentration is 2.5 g/l in toluene with argon flushing and no secondary solute. A test loop was constructed for testing the detectors in process control applications. Among the systems being tested are one using a solid-state magnetic comparator-control relay and an inexpensive solenoid valve as the final control element, at approximates 25% of the cost of a conventional system. (D. L.C.)

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Various mechanisms for the formation of point defects in ionic crystals are considered. Their probable importance as a function of the energy of the ionizing radiation and the temperature at which the irradiation takes place is discussed. Complex centers formed from aggregates of simple point defects are reviewed and their occurrence considered in terms of the expected spatial distribution of the point defects. The effect of high energy x rays and protons on the ionic conductivity is discussed in terms of a new interpretation of the conductivity curve as a function of temperature, and it is suggested that radiation-enhanced diffusion may be important in explaining the experimental data. (auth)

From 1963 American Society of Metals/Metals and Materials Show, Cleveland, Oct. 1963. 23rd National Convention of the Society for Nondestructive Testing. The factors which affect the attainment of optimum results in radiography are radiation source, specimen, filmscreen combination, film processing, and their mutual relationships. A general review is presented of radiographic practice and the effects of variations in the factors, at energies below 400 kvp, on radiographic contrast and sensitivity. (D.L.C.)

From American Nuclear Society Meeting, New York, Nov. 1963. In computer-coupled automated activation analysis such as in the Mark II system, conventional methods of data readout impose a serious restriction on the minimum handling time per sample. A data coupler for operating between the data accumulation system and the computer tape unit was developed which contributes nothing to the handling time per sample, does not distort the data, and prepares the data for direct computer entry. In addition to activation analysis, the coupler may be used to obtain successive spectra separated in time by 0.16 sec in the study of short-lived isotopes. (D.L.C.)

New Hot Laboratory Facilities which support three major research programs directed by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California are described. For the Nuclear Rocket Propulsion Program, a hot cell addition to the Radio Chemistry Building at Los Alamos will be completed early in 1963, and construction is expected to start soon on the hot cell addition to the Maintenance, Assembly and Disassembly Building at the Nuclear Rocket Development Station in Nevada. Integral hot laboratories are designed in the facilities for the Ultra High Temperature Reactor Experiment and the Fast Reactor Core Test at Los Alamos. (auth)

The distribution of velocity vectors of reaction products is discussed with emphasis on the restrictions imposed by the conservation laws. The recoil velocity that carries the products away from the center of mass shows how the energy of reaction is divided between internal excitation and translation. Similarly, the angular distributions, as viewed from the center of mass, reflect the partitioning of the total angular momentum between angular momenta of individual molecules and orbital angular momentum associated with their relative motion. Crossed-beam studies of several reactions of the type M + RI yields R + MI are described, where M = K, Rb, Cs, and R = CH/sub 3/, C/sub 3/H/sub 5/, etc. The results show that most of the energy of reaction goes into internal excitation of the products and that the angular distribution is quite anisotropic, with most of the MI recoiling backward (and R forward) with respect to the incoming K beam. (auth)

A thermal K beam was velocity selected, and scattered by Ne, Ar, and Xe gases. The dependence of the total cross section on relative velocity is approximately v/sup -0.4/ for K--Ar and K--Xe, and v/sup 0.8/ for K--Ne. The average relative velocity ranges were 400 to 1430 m/sec for Ne, 480 to 1350 m/sec for Ar, and 380 to 1320 m/sec for Xe. The dependence of the cross section on relative velocity was obtained by removing the cross section from the collision frequency integral. For the v/sup -0.4/ dependences, this gives results correct to 3%. For the v/sup -0.8/ dependences, the error is most likely greater. Three gas temperatures were used: liquid air, room, and 200 deg C. The results for a given gas at different temperatures are consistent with kinetic theory predictions. (auth)

Article on the serology of aerobic aquatic actinomycetes and factors involved in antiserum production and in vitro antigen-antibody reactions.

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Article describes the area known as Buffalo Valley, a hunting ground of the Osage Nation initially encountered by General Henry Leavenworth's Dragoon unit on a peace-making mission. Orel Busby describes landmarks in the region and the leaders of the Osage at the time.

Article describes the life of the author's father, John Owen Quillin, and his career as a cowboy participating in cattle drives. Henry A. Quillin discusses his fathers upbringing, difficulties on the western frontier, and time as a minister and a mason.

Article discusses the history of Mennonite missionaries and missions among the Cheyennes and Arapahos. Edmund G. Kaufman traces the journey of individual missionaries to Indian Territory, the process of constructing mission schools, and the religious instruction provided there.

This section includes the minutes of the quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on January 25, 1962.

Notes and Documents column including notes about publications, a document about the reminiscences of schoolteacher Cora E. Farrell, and a biographical sketch of the life of missionary Isabel Crawford.

Article discusses the history of United States government relations with the Osage Nation in the nineteenth century. Frank F. Finney describes the initial organization of the Osage, negotiations, and the forced assimilation they confronted.

Article discusses the contest between Sapulpa and Bristow for the county seat position of Creek County. Pauline P. Jackson discusses the county situation in the years approaching statehood, the events of the Sequoyah Convention, and the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention.

Science is impure in two ways. There is not a 'pure' science. By this I mean that physics impinges on astronomy, on the one hand, and chemistry on biology on the other. And not only does each support its neighbors but derives sustenance from them. The same can be said of chemistry. Biology is, perhaps, the example par excellence today of an 'impure' science. Beyond this, there is no 'pure' science itself divorced from human values. The importance of science to the humanities and the humanities to science in their complementary contribution to the variety of human life grows daily. The need for men familiar with both is imperative. We are faced today with a social decision resulting from our progress in molecular genetics at least equal to, and probably greater than, that required of us twenty years ago with the maturity of nuclear power.

The state of the pulse-height analyzing art is reviewed with particular emphasis on the developments of the past two years. The discussion includes consideration of multidimensional instruments, calibration-stabilizing techniques, and some of the auxiliary features that are becoming increasingly available on commercial instruments. Possible future developments with respect to resolving time and memory organization is discussed briefly. (auth)

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An eddy current test system is described in which the test information is detected as a series of fields reflected from the metal surface and interior. Pulsed electromagnetic fields are caused to impinge upon the test specimen. These fields are restricted to a small cross sectional area over a path in space long enough to be useful for test purposes by devices called mask-apenture assemblies. This approach provides a number of advantages over conventional eddy current methods of comparable capabilities, including superior surface resolution, a reduction in circuit complexity, and an improvement in stability and reliability. Various applications and test results are discussed. (auth)

A study was made to determine whether secondary iso tope effects also occur in molecular structure. Electron diffraction studies were carried out on ethane and deuteroethane. In C/sub 2/H/sub 6/ the mean C-C and C-H bond lengths found agreed very closely with values determined for other paraffin hydrocarbons, and the C--H bond showed a normal primary isotope effect (~ 0.005 A) similar to that found in methane when H is replaced by O. The output of the leastsquares analysis suggested that the mean C-- C bond length in C/sub 2/D/sub 6/ is shorter than in C/sub 2/H/sub 6/ and by about 0.004 A. Th e decrease seemed to be real for the apparent uncertainty was not much greater than 0.001 A. (M.C.G.)

Article provides and introduction to and includes an excerpt of the autobiography of Otto Koeltzow, a migrant from Germany who homesteaded Greer County, Oklahoma Territory and weathered many difficulties to establish a community there.

This section includes the minutes of the annual and quarterly meetings of the Oklahoma Historical Society that were held on April 26, 1962.