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Ancient Irrigation Ditches on the Plains (open access)

Ancient Irrigation Ditches on the Plains

Article examines an ancient canal located in the mountainous region within the Oklahoma panhandle, southwestern Kansas, and the Texas panhandle. This canal is believed to have been built by Indigenous tribes prior to colonization,
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Thoburn, Joseph B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Aunt Eliza of Tahlequah (open access)

Aunt Eliza of Tahlequah

Article chronicles the life of Eliza Missouri Bushyhead, a prominent teacher at the Cherokee Female Seminary at Tahlequah. The article compares her life to her father's, Jesse Bushyhead, who was a missionary based in the Cherokee Nation.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Foreman, Carolyn Thomas, 1872-1967
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cornstalk the Shawnee (open access)

Cornstalk the Shawnee

Article details how Chief Cornstalk of the Shawnee tribe lead multiple rebellions against the United States as a sign of protest for how his people were treated.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Morrison, W. B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Dawes Commission (open access)

The Dawes Commission

Article chronicles the impact the Dawes Commission had the Oklahoma Territory and the Indigenous people who called it home. This commission was created through an act of Congress to convince the tribes to cede their lands to the federal government.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Brown, Loren N.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Early History of the Creek Indians (open access)

Early History of the Creek Indians

Article chronicles the history of the Creek tribe from the time of Spain's colonization of North America to the beginning of the Civil War.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Morton, Ohland
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 1, March 1931 (open access)

Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 1, March 1931

Article consists of editorials written by staff members of the Chronicles. It includes a look ahead at an article within this issue, a note on the impact of the Great Depression, a note on the articles written by Alvin Rucker, a note on how famous historians have taken creative liberties with retelling history, a biographical sketch of Victor Murdock, and a note of appreciation for the historical society's new building.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Peery, Dan W.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Historic Spots in the Vicinity of Tuskahoma (open access)

Historic Spots in the Vicinity of Tuskahoma

Article details the historical landmarks around Tuskahoma, Oklahoma. This area housed Fort Towson and was a prominent road pioneers traveled while exploring the American west.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Wright, Muriel H. (Muriel Hazel), 1889-1975
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Lost History (open access)

Lost History

Article is a poem admiring the structure of a pioneer's home while wondering who built the dwelling.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Edwards, Thomas A.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Necrology, March 1931 (open access)

Necrology, March 1931

Column documenting biographical information about Oklahomans who have died, including Cortez Stubblefield, a reverend of the Baptist Church; Edward Oughten McCance, the founder of a weekly newspaper; Hamner George Turner, a delegate of the constitutional convention; William H. Harrison, a Deputy United States Marshal; and Charles H. Carswell, an attorney.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Peery, Dan W.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Notes and Documents, March 1931 (open access)

Notes and Documents, March 1931

Notes and Documents column including the minutes for the annual meeting of the Oklahoma Historical Society held on January 29, 1931 and the minutes for the meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society held on the same day.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Some Remnants of Frontier Journalism: Continued from Last Issue (open access)

Some Remnants of Frontier Journalism: Continued from Last Issue

Article explains how pioneer newspapers published within Oklahoma Territory provided glimpses into the customs and culture of early pioneers.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Ranck, M. A.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The State Flag of Oklahoma (open access)

The State Flag of Oklahoma

Article chronicles how the Daughters of the American Revolution created the state flag for Oklahoma and the significance of its design. Included is a poem of admiration for the pioneer woman.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Hickam, Mrs. Andrew R.; Peery, Dan W. & Nesbit, Paul
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Constitutional Convention (open access)

The Constitutional Convention

Article narrates the author's experience as a delegate at the Eufaula Constitutional Convention. This convention was a meeting of leaders from the Five Civilized Tribes to determine how to secure statehood for the Indian Territory as a separate region from Oklahoma.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Murray, William H.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Cowboy, The Statue (open access)

The Cowboy, The Statue

Article describes the lifestyle of a cowboy to show the significance of the cowboy statue placed on the state capitol's lawn.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Orner, Frank C.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Early History of Spavinaw (open access)

Early History of Spavinaw

Article chronicles how John Rogers established a successful distillery within Cherokee Nation before the region was open to settlement.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Foreman, Grant
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 2, June 1931 (open access)

Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 2, June 1931

Article consists of editorials written by the Chronicles staff. It includes a note of appreciation for the pageant at Tahlequah, a brief explanation of how territorial records are collected in various states, a retelling of the anniversary celebration of the opening of Oklahoma for settling held in various counties around the state, and a telegram sent to the society regarding the opening of the state.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Foreman, Grant; Peery, Dan W. & Campbell, Harry
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The First Santa Fe Expedition (open access)

The First Santa Fe Expedition

Article describes the attempts made by Spanish conquistadors to reach Santa Fe from Texas before the United States acquired the western part of North America. Included on excerpts from their journals.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Thomas, Alfred B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Memories of my Childhood Days in the Choctaw Nation (open access)

Memories of my Childhood Days in the Choctaw Nation

Article narrates the life of the author as he grew up in Doaksville, the capitol of the Choctaw Nation, before the start of the Civil War.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Christian, Emma Ervin
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Necrology, June 1931 (open access)

Necrology, June 1931

Column documenting biographical information about Oklahomans who have died, including Edward Overholser, the president of the Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce; Revered Calvin James Ralston of the Presbyterian Church; Curtis J. Phillips, a business man; Philip G. Phelps, a member of the Presbyterian Church; Philip Bernard Hopkins, a unaffiliated constitutional delegate; Wilbert Lee Poole, a school principal; William Grimes, a newspaper printer; and John Graves Leeper, a businessman.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Notes and Documents, June 1931 (open access)

Notes and Documents, June 1931

Notes and Documents column including the minutes for the quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society held on April 23, 1931.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Reconstruction in the Creek Nation (open access)

Reconstruction in the Creek Nation

Article chronicles the devastation caused to the Creek tribes during the Civil War and the measures the federal government took to alleviate their suffering while assimilating the citizens into the newly formed Union.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Ohland, Morton
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Some New Light on Houston's Life Among the Cherokee Indians (open access)

Some New Light on Houston's Life Among the Cherokee Indians

Article chronicles the interactions between Sam Houston and the Cherokee tribes. This information was gathered from the author's collection of manuscripts written by the famous general.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Foreman, Grant
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Tryphena (open access)

Tryphena

Article chronicles the author's search for the identity of the person residing in a grave inscribed with "Tryphena's Grave."
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Wright, Muriel H. (Muriel Hazel), 1889-1975
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Ahpeahtone, Kiowa - A Bit of History (open access)

Ahpeahtone, Kiowa - A Bit of History

Article details a trip undertaken by the last chief of the Kiowa tribe, Ahpeahtone, to locate a self-proclaimed prophet during the "Messiah Craze." This prophet spoke of the return to the old times of buffalo and peace.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Methvin, J. J.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History