The statistical theory of turbulence affords an excellent medium for representing the kinematic conditions in turbulent flow and also serves as a valuable aid to exact experimental research. But it is still not developed enough for solving dynamic processes. Even in the simplest case of isotropic turbulence the calculation of the correlation curve or of the decrement of turbulence invariably reaches a point where clear-cut assumptions, such as omission of the inertia terms, or, earlier, mixing length assumptions or even merely general dimensional considerations, must be made.

"The previously employed method of extrapolating the total resistance to full size with lambda(exp 3) (model scale) and thereby foregoing a separate appraisal of the frictional resistance, was permissible for large models and floats of normal size. But faced with the ever increasing size of aircraft a reexamination of the problem of extrapolation to full size is called for. A method is described by means of which, on the basis of an analysis of tests on planing surfaces, the variation of the wetted surface over the take-off range is analytically obtained. The friction coefficients are read from Prandtl's curve for turbulent boundary layer with laminar approach. With these two values a correction for friction is obtainable" (p. 1).

"This report contains the description of electric anemometers and their application to the study of turbulent fluid flows, of electric tanks for the realization of the analogies between electrology and aerodynamics and their application to the study of varied technical problems, and lastly of the electric condenser type dynamometer and its application to the prediction of the aerodynamic forces on wing and airplane models in wind-tunnel tests and in controlled and spontaneous rotations" (p. 1).

The present study treats as a typical example a ring the center line of which is produced by the intersection of two circular cylinders of different diameter. Three load cases are analyzed: (1) Axial and circumferential stresses in both cylinders, the cylinder stresses themselves to be in the ratio conformal to the cylinders loaded under internal pressure. (2) Pure longitudinal tension in the large cylinder. (3) Pure shear (torsion) in the large cylinder.

"For circular-ring stiffeners in monocoque fuselages the bending moments, axial forces, and shear forces under the action of applied external forces or a moment are accurately computed by known methods. Circular-ring stiffeners with variable moments of inertia are likewise considered. In comparison with the step-by-step and partially graphical procedure, the one here described is a more accurate and at the same time a simpler method" (p. 1).

From Summary: "The resistance coefficients of commercial types of round wire grids were examined for the purpose of obtaining the necessary data on supercharger test stands for throttling the inducted air to a pressure corresponding to a desired air density. The measurements of the coefficients ranged up to Reynolds numbers of 1000. In the arrangement of two grids in tandem, which was necessary in order to obtain high resistance coefficients with the solidity, that is, mesh density of grid, was found to be accompanied by a further relationship with the mutual spacing of the individual grids."

From Summary: "The stipulation of best thrust distribution is applied to the annular elements of the screw propeller with infinitely many blades in frictionless, incompressible flow and an ideal jet propulsion system derived possessing hyperbolic angular velocity distribution along the blade radius and combining the advantage of uniform thrust distribution over the section with minimum slipstream and rotation losses. This system is then compared with a propeller possessing the same angular velocity at all blade elements and the best possible thrust distribution secured by means of an induced efficiency varying uniformly over the radius. Lastly, the case of the lightly loaded propeller also is discussed."

Predicated on the assumption of certain normal conditions for engine and propeller, simple expressions for the static and dynamic stresses of propeller blade roots are evolved. They, in combination with the fatigue strength diagram of the employed material, afford for each engine power one certain operating point by which the state of stress serving as a basis for the design of the root is defined. Different stress cases must be analyzed, depending on the vibration tendency of engine and use of propeller. The solution affords an insight into the possible introduction of different size classes of propeller.

"The present report deals with a number of problems, particularly with the interaction of the fuselage with the wing and tail, on the basis of simple calculating method's derived from greatly idealized concepts. For the fuselage alone it affords, in variance with potential theory, a certain frictional lift in yawed flow, which, similar to the lift of a wing of small aspect ratio, is no longer linearly related to the angle of attack. Nevertheless there exists for this frictional lift something like a neutral stability point the position of which on oblong fuselages appears to be associated with the lift increase of the fuselage in proximity to the zero lift, according to the present experiments" (p. 1).

"The field for curved blades is represented by a vortex series with a vortex removed at the blade point. Further, an example of calculation of a curved blade from this series is given, whereby the necessary accuracy required of the different methods in practice is shown according to the case considered" (p. 1).

"The present measurements form a continuation of earlier flight tests published in a previous report for predicting the downwash at the tail of an airplane. The method makes use of the tail itself as integrating contact surface to the extent that, beginning from the measurement of the self-alignment of the elevator, the mean downwash angle and dynamic pressure at the tail are determined. The instrumental accuracy is considerably improved if the elevator is completely separate from the controls during the tests, because the effect of friction on the self-alignment of the elevator is then reduced to a minimum and a finer elevator weight balance is rendered possible" (p. 1).

"In the present report the coefficients of heat transfer and hydraulic resistance are theoretically obtained for the case of laminar flow of a heated viscous liquid in a narrow rectangular channel. The results obtained are applied to the computation of oil radiators, which to a first approximation may be considered as made up of a system of such channels. In conclusion, a comparison is given of the theoretical with the experimental results obtained from tests on airplane oil radiators" (p. 1).

"The present report deals with strength tests on hulls and floats intended in part for the collection of construction data for the design of these components and in part for the stress analysis of the finished hulls and floats" (p. 1).

"The two-dimensional symmetrical potential flow of compressible fluid past a circular cylinder placed in the center line of a straight tunnel is analyzed in second approximation according to the Jansen-Rayleigh method. The departure of the profile from the exact circular shape can be kept to the same magnitude as for the incompressible flow. The velocities in the narrowest section of the tunnel wall and at the profile edge are discussed in detail" (p. 1).

"As a contribution to the problem of turbulence on a surface of rotation, the method of small oscillation is applied to the flow past a sphere. It was found that the method developed for two-dimensional flow is applicable without modifications. The frictional layer in the vicinity of the stagnation point of a surface of rotation is less stable against small two-dimensional disturbances than in the stagnation point itself, as proved from an analysis of the velocity distribution made by Homann" (p. 1).

The present report deals with different vibration stresses of the propeller and their removal by an elastic coupling of propeller and engine. A method is described for protecting the propeller from unstable oscillations and herewith from the thus excited alternating gyroscopic moments. The respective vibration equations are set down and the amount of elasticity required is deduced.

On the wing structures of modern high speed aircraft, in particular, the comparatively high-service stresses and the consistently increasing number of hours of operation during the life of the separate airplane parts make the studies of strength requirement under recurrent stresses appear of major concern. The DVL has therefore made exhaustive studies for this structural group of airplanes, some results of which are reported here.

Numerous observations of such lubrication processes within range of boundary friction on journal bearings and gear tooth profiles have strengthened the supposition that it should be possible to study the attendant phenomena with engineering methods and equipment. These considerations formed the basis of the present studies, which have led to the discovery of relations governing the suitability of bearing surfaces and the concept of "lubricating quality.".

"The present report deals with the design and testing of a measuring plug suggested by H. Pfriem for recording quasi-stationary cylinder wall temperatures. The new device is a resistance thermometer, the temperature-susceptible part of which consists of a gold coating applied by evaporation under high vacuum and electrolytically strengthened. After overcoming initial difficulties, calibration of plugs up to and beyond 400 degrees C was possible" (p. 1).

"The concept of the effective ejection velocity of a rocket engine is explained and the magnitude of the attainable ejection velocity theoretically and experimentally investigated. Velocities above 3000 meters per second (6700 mph) are actually measured and the possibilities of further increases shown" (p. 1).

"The series of pressure distribution measurements at three test sections on NACA airfoils 2212 and M6 within 170 to 210 angles of attack in reversed flow proved to be largely independent of the profile form. In contradiction to the pressure distribution in normal flow considerable negative pressure from the upper surface spills over onto the lower surface, and vice versa, even in the zone of sound flow. The results are presented as chord-wise pressure and load distribution" (p. 1).

"The present report deals exclusively with the particular jet-propulsion system mentioned in the cited reports. The discussion is limited, for the present, to the analytical study of the efficiency and the consumption for the case of application to aircraft and to the plotting of the practical operating curves secured theoretically by the use of suitable experimental factors" (p. 1).

"After a survey of the customary procedures for appraising the profile drag in which pressure drag was discounted and the methods for computing the laminar and turbulent friction flow, the author proposes a method by which the pressure drag can be computed with the aid of the displacement thickness of the frictional layer. The method is restricted to the case where the effects, caused by separation of frictional layer, are small. Then the total profile drag can be expressed solely by quantities derived from the velocity distribution in the frictional layer immediately at the trailing edge" (p. 1).

This technical memorandum presents a theoretical study of the processes accompanying the formation of ice on solid bodies. It discusses vapor pressure and sublimation in two air masses separated by a boundary area.