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Zinc and Its Alloys
Report issued by the Bureau of Standards discussing world production of zinc and zinc alloys. History, metallurgy, and structural properties of zinc are presented. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
Date:
November 6, 1931
Creator:
United States. Bureau of Standards.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc and Lead Deposits of Northwestern Illinois
From introduction: The subject of this paper is the district of the extreme northwestern portion of Illinois, included in the upper Mississippi Valley containing zinc and lead.
Date:
1905
Creator:
Bain, Harry Foster
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc and Lead Deposits of the Upper Mississippi Valley
From introduction: This report investigates the zinc and lead deposits of the Upper Mississippi Valley.
Date:
1906
Creator:
Bain, Harry Foster
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc Bromide Combustion: Implications for the Consolidated Incinerator Facility
In the nuclear industry, zinc bromide (ZnBr2) is used for radiation shielding. At Savannah River Site (SRS) zinc bromide solution, in appropriate configurations and housings, was used mainly for shielding in viewing windows in nuclear reactor and separation areas. Waste stream feeds that will be incinerated at the CIF will occasionally include zinc bromide solution/gel matrices.The CIF air pollution systems control uses a water-quench and steam atomizer scrubber that collects salts, ash and trace metals in the liquid phase. Water is re-circulated in the quench unit until a predetermined amount of suspended solids or dissolved salts are present. After reaching the threshold limit, "dirty liquid", also called "blowdown", is pumped to a storage tank in preparation for treatment and disposal. The air pollution control system is coupled to a HEPA pre-filter/filter unit, which removes particulate matter from the flue gas stream (1).The objective of this report is to review existing literature data on the stability of zinc bromide (ZnBr2) at CIF operating temperatures (>870 degrees C (1600 degrees F) and determine what the combustion products are in the presence of excess air. The partitioning of the combustion products among the quencher/scrubber solution, bottom ash and stack will also be evaluated. …
Date:
December 16, 1998
Creator:
Oji, L.N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc Bromide Solution for Use in Shielding Windows
None
Date:
September 1, 1952
Creator:
Doe, W.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc contamination from brass upon heat treating a superconducting magnet
Theoretical calculations predicted that zinc outgassing from brass spacers during a planned heat treatment would likely damage a lab-scale superconducting magnet. This specter was reinforced by a simulated heat treatment, the samples of which were analyzed by gravimetry, metallography, and microprobe chemical analysis. It was found that zinc escaping from the brass could diffuse 80 {mu}m into copper electrical conductors and degrade their conductivity. To avoid this, steel was temporarily substituted for the brass during the heat treatment process.
Date:
July 1, 1994
Creator:
Stevens, D. W. & Hassenzahl, W. V.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc distribution and speciation in Arabidopsis halleri x Arabidops is lyrata progenies presenting various zinc accumulation capacities
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the chemical form and localization of zinc (Zn) in plant leaves and their Zn accumulationcapacity. - An interspecific cross between Arabidopsis halleri sp. halleri and Arabidopsis lyrata sp. petrea segregating for Zn accumulation was used. Zinc (Zn) speciation and Zn distribution in the leaves of the parent plants and of selected F1 and F2 progenies were investigated by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques and chemical analyses. - A correlation was observed between the proportion of Zn being in octahedral coordination complexed to organic acids and free in solution (Zn?OAs + Znaq) and Zn content in the leaves. This pool varied between 40percent and 80percent of total leaf Zn depending on the plant studied. Elemental mapping of the leaves revealed different Zn partitioning between the veins and the leaf tissue. The vein : tissue fluorescence ratio was negatively correlated with Zn accumulation. - The higher proportion of Zn?OAs + Znaq and the depletion of the veins in the stronger accumulators are attributed to a higher xylem unloading and vacuolar sequestration in the leaf cells. Elemental distributions in the trichomes were also investigated, and results support the role of carboxyl and⁄ …
Date:
April 8, 2010
Creator:
Sarret, Geraldine; Willems, Glenda; Isaure, Marie-Pierre; Marcus, Matthew A.; Fakra, Sirine C.; Frerot, Helene et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc electrode in alkaline electrolyte
The zinc electrode in alkaline electrolyte is unusual in that supersaturated zincate solutions can form during discharge and spongy or mossy zinc deposits can form on charge at low overvoltages. The effect of additives on regular pasted ZnO electrodes and calcium zincate electrodes is discussed. The paper also reports on in situ x-ray absorption (XAS) results on mossy zinc deposits.
Date:
December 31, 1995
Creator:
McBreen, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The zinc electrode: Reactions and mechanisms
The zinc electrode in alkaline electrolyte is unusual in that supersaturated zincate solutions can form during discharge and spongy or mossy zinc deposits can form on charge at low overvoltages. This paper reports on in situ x-ray absorption (XAS) results on supersaturated zincate and on mossy deposits.
Date:
December 31, 1993
Creator:
McBreen, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc(II) oxide solubility and phase behavior in aqueous sodium phosphate solutions at elevated temperatures
A platinum-lined, flowing autoclave facility is used to investigate the solubility/phase behavior of zinc(II) oxide in aqueous sodium phosphate solutions at temperatures between 290 and 560 K. ZnO solubilities are observed to increase continuously with temperature and phosphate concentration. At higher phosphate concentrations, a solid phase transformation to NaZnPO{sub 4} is observed. NaZnPO{sub 4} solubilities are retrograde with temperature. The measured solubility behavior is examined via a Zn(II) ion hydrolysis/complexing model and thermodynamic functions for the hydrolysis/complexing reaction equilibria are obtained from a least-squares analysis of the data. The existence of two new zinc(II) ion complexes is reported for the first time: Zn(OH){sub 2}(HPO{sub 4}){sup 2{minus}} and Zn(OH){sub 3}(H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}){sup 2{minus}}. A summary of thermochemical properties for species in the systems ZnO-H{sub 2}O and ZnO-Na{sub 2}O-P{sub 2}O{sub 5}-H{sub 2}O is also provided. 21 refs., 10 figs., 7 tabs.
Date:
February 1, 1990
Creator:
Ziemniak, S. E.; Jones, M. E. & Combs, K. E. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc(II) oxide stability in alkaline sodium phosphate solutions at elevated temperatures
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is shown to transform into either of two phosphate-containing compounds in relatively dilute alkaline sodium phosphate solutions at elevated temperatures via ZnO(s) + Na{sup +} + H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} {r_reversible} NaZnPO{sub 4}(s) + H{sub 2}O or 2 ZnO(s) + H{sub 3}PO{sub 4}(aq) {r_reversible} Zn{sub 2}(OH)PO{sub 4}(s) + H{sub 2}O. X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that NaZnPO{sub 4} possesses an orthorhombic unit cell having lattice parameters a = 8.710 {+-} 0.013, b = 15.175 {+-} 0.010, and c = 8.027 {+-} 0.004 {angstrom}. The thermodynamic equilibria for these reactions were defined in the system ZnO-Na{sub 2}O-P{sub 2}O{sub 5}-H{sub 2}O for Na/P molar ratios between 2.1 and 3. Based on observed reaction threshold values for sodium phosphate concentration and temperature, the standard entropy (S{degrees}) and free energy of formation ({Delta}G{sub f}{degrees}) for NaZnPO{sub 4} were calculated to be 169.0 J/mol-K and {minus}1510.6 kJ/mol, respectively; similar values for Zn{sub 2}(OH)PO{sub 4} (tarbuttite) were 235.9 J/mol-K and {minus}1604.6 kJ/mol. Additions of sodium sulfite and sulfate did not alter the above reactions.
Date:
April 1, 1993
Creator:
Ziemniak, S. E. & Opalka, E. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc-Lead-Copper Resources and General Geology of the Upper Mississippi Valley District
From introduction: This report discusses the general geology of the Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district, the distribution of ore deposits, and some relations of the ore deposits to the major geologic features.
Date:
1955
Creator:
Heyl, Allen V.; Lyons, Erwin J.; Agnew, Allen F. & Behre, Charles H., Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc-Lead Ore Reserves of the Tri-State District, Missouri-Kansas-Oklahoma
Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over studies of zinc-lead reserves in the tri-state area. The results of the studies are presented. This report includes tables, maps, and illustrations.
Date:
July 1949
Creator:
Ruhl, Otto; Allen, Simeon A. & Holt, Stephen P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ZINC MITIGATION INTERIM REPORT - THERMODYNAMIC STUDY
An experimental program was initiated in order to develop and validate conditions that will effectively trap Zn vapors that are released during extraction. The proposed work is broken down into three tasks. The first task is to determine the effectiveness of various pore sizes of filter elements. The second task is to determine the effect of filter temperature on zinc vapor deposition. The final task is to determine whether the zinc vapors can be chemically bound. The approach for chemically binding the zinc vapors has two subtasks, the first is a review of literature and thermodynamic calculations and the second is an experimental approach using the best candidates. This report details the results of the thermodynamic calculations to determine feasibility of chemically binding the zinc vapors within the furnace module, specifically the lithium trap (1). A review of phase diagrams, literature, and thermodynamic calculations was conducted to determine if there are suitable materials to capture zinc vapor within the lithium trap of the extraction basket. While numerous elements exist that form compounds with zinc, many of these also form compounds with hydrogen or the water that is present in the TPBARs. This relatively comprehensive review of available data indicates that …
Date:
December 17, 2010
Creator:
Korinko, P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc Single Crystal Deformation Experiments using a "6 Degrees of Freedom" Apparatus
A new experimental technique to study crystallographic slip system activity in metallic single crystals deformed under a condition of uniaxial stress is applied to study the behavior of Zn single crystals. The experimental apparatus allows essentially unconstrained shape change of inherently anisotropic materials under a condition of uniaxial stress by allowing 3 translational and 3 rotational degrees of freedom during compression; hence we have named the experiment 6 degrees of freedom (6DOF). The experiments also utilize a 3-D digital image correlation system to measure full-field displacement fields, which are used to calculate strain and make direct observations of slip system activity. We show that the experimental results associated with a pristine zinc single crystal are precisely consistent with the theoretical predicted shape change (sample distortion) assuming that the most favored slip system on the basal plane is the only one that is active. Another experiment was performed on a processed and annealed Zn single crystal to investigate slip that is inconsistent with the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) theory. These experiments on zinc illustrate the ability of the 6DOF experiment, together with image correlation (IC) data, to measure slip system activity with a high degree of fidelity.
Date:
May 11, 2006
Creator:
Lassila, D. H.; LeBlanc, M. M. & Florando, J. N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc Smelting from a Chemical and Thermodynamic Viewpoint
Report describing a chemical and thermodynamic overview of zinc smelting. The methods described are not new, but the analysis is deeper and more focused than in previous reports.
Date:
1930
Creator:
Maier, C. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc substitution effects on the superconducting properties of Nd{sub 1.85}Ce{sub 0.15}CuO{sub 4-{delta}}
With the discovery of the electron superconductors, a new dimension was added to research in the field of high-temperature superconductivity. Studies of these materials should help elucidate the mechanism responsible for high-temperature superconductivity, as well as improve strategies for finding new superconductors. In this paper, we discuss the superconducting structural properties of Nd{sub 1.85}Ce{sub 0.15}(Cu{sub 1-y}Zn{sub y})O{sub 4} as a function of the Zn concentration y. Detailed comparisons with previous results of similar substitution studies in the single-CuO{sub 2}-layer hole superconductor La{sub 1.85}Sr{sub 0.15}CuO{sub 4} also are made. We have found that the non-magnetic element Zn has a detrimental effect on the T{prime}-phase electron superconductor, and that this effect is as strong as in the T-phase hole superconductor. Theoretical implications and the question of electron-hole symmetry are also discussed.
Date:
December 31, 1990
Creator:
Garcia-Vazquez, V.; Mazumdar, S.; Falco, C. M.; Barlingay, C. & Risbud, S. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc substitution effects on the superconducting properties of Nd sub 1. 85 Ce sub 0. 15 CuO sub 4-. delta
With the discovery of the electron superconductors, a new dimension was added to research in the field of high-temperature superconductivity. Studies of these materials should help elucidate the mechanism responsible for high-temperature superconductivity, as well as improve strategies for finding new superconductors. In this paper, we discuss the superconducting structural properties of Nd{sub 1.85}Ce{sub 0.15}(Cu{sub 1-y}Zn{sub y})O{sub 4} as a function of the Zn concentration y. Detailed comparisons with previous results of similar substitution studies in the single-CuO{sub 2}-layer hole superconductor La{sub 1.85}Sr{sub 0.15}CuO{sub 4} also are made. We have found that the non-magnetic element Zn has a detrimental effect on the T{prime}-phase electron superconductor, and that this effect is as strong as in the T-phase hole superconductor. Theoretical implications and the question of electron-hole symmetry are also discussed.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Garcia-Vazquez, Valentin; Mazumdar, S.; Falco, Charles M.; Barlingay, C. & Risbud, S. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc surface complexes on birnessite: A density functional theory study
Biogeochemical cycling of zinc is strongly influenced by sorption on birnessite minerals (layer-type MnO2), which are found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic environments. Zinc has been observed to form both tetrahedral (Zn{sup IV}) and octahedral (Zn{sup VI}) triple-corner-sharing surface complexes (TCS) at Mn(IV) vacancy sites in hexagonal birnessite. The octahedral complex is expected to be similar to that of Zn in the Mn oxide mineral, chalcophanite (ZnMn{sub 3}O{sub 7} {center_dot} 3H{sub 2}O), but the reason for the occurrence of the four-coordinate Zn surface species remains unclear. We address this issue computationally using spin-polarized Density Functional Theory (DFT) to examine the Zn{sub IV}-TCS and Zn{sup VI}-TCS species. Structural parameters obtained by DFT geometry optimization were in excellent agreement with available experimental data on Zn-birnessites. Total energy, magnetic moments, and electron-overlap populations obtained by DFT for isolated Zn{sup IV}-TCS revealed that this species is stable in birnessite without a need for Mn(III) substitution in the octahedral sheet and that it is more effective in reducing undersaturation of surface O at a Mn vacancy than is Zn{sub VI}-TCS. Comparison between geometry-optimized ZnMn{sub 3}O{sub 7} {center_dot} 3H{sub 2}O (chalcophanite) and the hypothetical monohydrate mineral, ZnMn{sub 3}O{sub 7} {center_dot} H{sub 2}O, which contains only tetrahedral …
Date:
January 5, 2009
Creator:
Kwon, Kideok D.; Refson, Keith & Sposito, Garrison
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc titanate tests in transport reactor. Quarterly technical progress report, June 1995--September 1995
This paper reports on the results of recent hot gas cleanup (desulfurization) tests in Kellogg`s new transport reactor test unit (TRTU) using spray-dried zinc titanate.
Date:
December 1, 1995
Creator:
Gangwal, S. K.; Campbell, W. M.; Gupta, R. P. & Henningsen, G. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc Transporter YiiP Escherichia coli
None
Date:
March 26, 2010
Creator:
Fu, D.
Object Type:
Book
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc Treatment Effects on Corrosion Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel in High Temperature, Hydrogenated Water
None
Date:
August 16, 2005
Creator:
Ziemniak, SE & Hanson, M
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc Treatment Effects on Corrosion Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel in High Temperature, Hydrogenated Water
Trace levels of soluble zinc(II) ions (30 ppb) maintained in mildly alkaline, hydrogenated water at 260 C were found to lower the corrosion rate of austenitic stainless steel (UNS S30400) by about a factor of five, relative to a non-zinc baseline test after 10,000 hr. Characterizations of the corrosion oxide layer via grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with argon ion milling and target factor analysis, confirmed the presence of two spinel oxide phases and minor amounts of recrystallized nickel. Based on the distribution of the three oxidized alloying constituents (Fe, Cr, Ni) with respect to depth and oxidation state, it was concluded that: (a) corrosion occurs in a non-selective manner, but approximately 30% of the oxidized iron is released to the water, and (b) the two spinel oxides exist as a ferrite-based outer layer (Ni{sub 0.1}Zn{sub 0.6}Fe{sub 0.3})(Fe{sub 0.95}Cr{sub 0.05}){sub 2}O{sub 4} on top of a chromite-based inner layer (Ni{sub 0.1}Zn{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.7})(Fe{sub 0.4}Cr{sub 0.6}){sub 2}O{sub 4}. These results suggest that immiscibility in the Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}-ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} binary may play a role in controlling the zinc content of the outer layer. On the other hand, the lower corrosion rate caused by zinc additions …
Date:
March 20, 2001
Creator:
Ziemniak, S. E. & Hanson, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc Treatment Effects on Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 600 in High Temperature, Hydrogenated Water
Trace levels of soluble zinc(II) ions (30 ppb) maintained in mildly alkaline, hydrogenated water at 260 C were found to reduce the corrosion rate of Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) by about 40% relative to a non-zinc baseline test [2]. Characterizations of the corrosion oxide layer via SEM/TEM and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of a chromite-rich oxide phase and recrystallized nickel. The oxide crystals had an approximate surface density of 3500 {micro}m{sup -2} and an average size of 11 {+-} 5 nm. Application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with argon ion milling, followed by target factor analyses, permitted speciated composition vs. depth profiles to be obtained. Numerical integration of the profiles revealed that: (1) alloy oxidation occurred non-selectively and (2) zinc(II) ions were incorporated into the chromite-rich spinel: (Zn{sub 0.55}Ni{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 0.15})(Fe{sub 0.25}Cr{sub 0.75}){sub 2}O{sub 4}. Spinel stoichiometry places the trivalent ion composition in the single phase oxide region, consistent with the absence of the usual outer, ferrite-rich solvus layer. By comparison with compositions of the chromite-rich spinel obtained in the non-zinc baseline test, it is hypothesized that zinc(II) ion incorporation was controlled by the equilibrium for 0.55 Zn{sup 2+}(aq) + (Ni{sub 0.7}Fe{sub 0.3})(Fe{sub 0.3}Cr{sub 0.7}){sub 2}O{sub 4}(s) {r_equilibrium} …
Date:
November 16, 2004
Creator:
Ziemniak, S. E. & Hanson, M. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library