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Medicare Prescription Drug Provisions of S.1, as Passed by the Senate, and H.R. 1, as Passed by the House (open access)

Medicare Prescription Drug Provisions of S.1, as Passed by the Senate, and H.R. 1, as Passed by the House

This report discusses differences in the specifics of the prescription drug provisions in S. 1 and H.R. 1 and provides a side-by-side comparison of the Title I provisions of both bills.
Date: July 11, 2003
Creator: O'Sullivan, Jennifer
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare's Skilled Nursing Facility Benefit (open access)

Medicare's Skilled Nursing Facility Benefit

None
Date: April 16, 2001
Creator: Yacker, Heidi G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trends in Medicare Spending: Fact Sheet (open access)

Trends in Medicare Spending: Fact Sheet

None
Date: March 3, 2000
Creator: Chaikind, Hinda Ripps
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Economics of Agricultural Policy (open access)

The Economics of Agricultural Policy

An English Act of 1663 imposed a duty on grain imported from abroad whenever the domestic price was below a legislatively set price floor. The English farmer enjoyed a virtual monopoly in the domestic market. By the same token, he was allowed to export grain whenever the domestic price exceeded the price floor, and, after 1673, was granted a bounty (subsidy) on grain exports.
Date: February 20, 1992
Creator: Carr, A. Barry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aquaculture and the Federal Role (open access)

Aquaculture and the Federal Role

Aquaculture is broadly defined as the production of fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants in a controlled environment. This report discusses the growth of U.S. aquaculture in the decade preceding 1993, and the subsequent debate about what role, if any, the Federal Government should play in supporting the industry. Relevant legislation and policies are also discussed.
Date: September 9, 1993
Creator: Buck, Eugene H. & Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An Introduction to Farm Commodity Programs (open access)

An Introduction to Farm Commodity Programs

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is required to provide assistance to 20 specified agricultural commodities, to achieve three primary objectives: to support prices, supplement incomes, and manage supplies. Supporters contend that financial help to the farm sector also ensures consumers an abundant supply of reasonably priced food. But critics believe that basic U.S. farm policies, conceived in the 1930s, no longer meet the needs of modern agriculture or society as a whole. This report discusses the various programs available for different commodities.
Date: July 20, 1994
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sustainable Agriculture (open access)

Sustainable Agriculture

The term "sustainable agriculture" is used to designate both a reduced-chemical approach to farming and an alternative political viewpoint on the distribution of economic and social benefits in the farm sector. In practice, sustainable agriculture is characterized by the substitution of more intensive farm resource management--generally involving more labor--for purchased inputs of fertilizers and pesticides. It comprises a range of practices that include integrated pest management (which may include pesticide applications), nonintensive livestock production, crop rotations for pest, disease, and erosion control, and alternative tillage and planting practices to reduce soil erosion.
Date: October 25, 1995
Creator: Rawson, Jean M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Price Support: An Overview of the Program (open access)

Tobacco Price Support: An Overview of the Program

Over 93% of U.S. tobacco production is flue-cured and burley (both being cigarette tobacco types). These crops are particularly important to the agriculture of North Carolina (where flue-cured is grown) and Kentucky (where burley is grown). Together, these two states produce 65% of the total U.S. tobacco crop. The federal tobacco price support program is designed to support and stabilize prices for farmers. It operates through a combination of mandatory marketing quotas and nonrecourse loans. Marketing quotas limit the amount of tobacco each farmer can sell, which indirectly raises market prices. The loan program establishes guaranteed minimum prices. The law requires that the loan program operate at no net cost to the federal government. Apart from year-to-year budget impacts, no-net-cost provisions of the law are intended to assure that all loan principal plus interest will be recovered
Date: July 6, 1998
Creator: Womach, Jasper
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Legal Issues Related to Livestock Watering in Federal Grazing Districts (open access)

Legal Issues Related to Livestock Watering in Federal Grazing Districts

This report discusses proposed regulations related to livestock watering in federal grazing districts.
Date: August 30, 1994
Creator: Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Farm Promotion ("Check-off") Programs (open access)

Federal Farm Promotion ("Check-off") Programs

This report discusses legislation establishing national generic promotion ("check-off') programs for 20 specified farm commodities. Thirteen of the 20 authorized programs are now in effect.
Date: May 3, 1996
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Price Support: An Overview of the Program (open access)

Tobacco Price Support: An Overview of the Program

None
Date: November 3, 2003
Creator: Womach, Jasper
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Conservation Reserve Program: Policy Issues for the 1995 Farm Bill (open access)

Conservation Reserve Program: Policy Issues for the 1995 Farm Bill

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), enacted in 1985, enables producers to bid to retire highly erodible or environmentally sensitive crop land for 10 years (or longer under certain circumstances). Successful bidders receive annual rental payments, and cost-sharing and technical assistance to install approved plantings. The program was to enroll between 40 and 45 million acres before 1996. Program goals are to reduce erosion and excess production, and more recently, to provide other environmental benefits. To date, about 36.5 million acres have been enrolled.
Date: December 19, 1994
Creator: Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The 1996 Farm Bill: Comparisons of Selected Provisions with Previous Law (open access)

The 1996 Farm Bill: Comparisons of Selected Provisions with Previous Law

Final congressional approval was given to H.R. 2854, the Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act, otherwise known as the "1996 farm bill," on March 28, 1996. President Clinton signed the bill into law on April 4, 1996 (P.L. 104-127). In tabular format, this CRS report lays out in descriptive, rather than legislative language, the major provisions of the new farm bill in contrast to preceding law.
Date: April 4, 1996
Creator: Library of Congress. Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division. Food and Agriculture Section.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wheat, Feed Grains, Cotton, Rice, and Oilseeds Provisions of the Enacted 1996 Farm Bill (open access)

Wheat, Feed Grains, Cotton, Rice, and Oilseeds Provisions of the Enacted 1996 Farm Bill

None
Date: May 20, 1996
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Marketing and Regulatory Provisions of the 1996 Farm Bill (open access)

Agricultural Marketing and Regulatory Provisions of the 1996 Farm Bill

The Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-127), signed into law on April 4, for the first time grants the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) broad-based authority to establish national generic promotion ("check-off") programs for virtually any agricultural commodity. Formerly, individual programs first had to be authorized expressly by Congress. The new law also explicitly authorizes the establishment of new check-off programs for rapeseed and canola, kiwifruit, and popcorn. Other provisions require USDA to establish a new meat and poultry inspection advisory committee; deal with the collection of user fees for the inspection of agricultural imports; and authorize new guidelines to protect horses being transported to slaughter facilities, among other things.
Date: April 30, 1996
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Grazing Fees: An Overview (open access)

Grazing Fees: An Overview

This report briefly discusses charging fees for grazing private livestock on federal lands, which is a long-standing but contentious practice. Generally, livestock producers who use federal lands want to keep fees low, while conservation groups and others believe fees should be raised to approximate "fair market value."
Date: May 21, 1996
Creator: Cody, Betsy A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Conservation Compliance for Agriculture: Status and Policy Issues (open access)

Conservation Compliance for Agriculture: Status and Policy Issues

This program, known as "conservation compliance," was amended in 1990 and 1996. This paper reviews the compliance concept, the program requirements, and the implementation record. It also introduces three policy topics: the effect of compliance on erosion rates and patterns; the effectiveness and flexibility of implementation; and the possible impact of changes to commodity policies enacted in the 1996 farm bill.
Date: April 10, 1998
Creator: Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pesticide Legislation: Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (open access)

Pesticide Legislation: Food Quality Protection Act of 1996

The 104th congress enacted significant changes to the Federal Insecticide, fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), governing U.S. sale and use of pesticide products, and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), which limits pesticide residues on food. The vehicle of these changes was H.R. 1627, the "Food Quality Protection Act of 1996" (FQPA), enacted August 3, 1996, as Public Law 104-170. Under FIFRA, the new law will facilitate registrations and reregistrations of pesticides for special (so-called"minor") uses and authorize collection of maintenance fees of support pesticide reregistration. Food safety provisions will establish a single standard of safety for pesticide residue on raw and processed foods; provide information through large food retail stores to consumers about the health risks of pesticide residues and how to avoid them; preempt state and local food safety laws if they are based on concentrations of pesticide residues below recently established federal residue limits(called"tolerances"); and ensure that tolerances protect the health of infants and children.
Date: September 11, 1996
Creator: Schierow, Linda-Jo
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Conservation Reserve Program: Status and Policy Issues (open access)

Conservation Reserve Program: Status and Policy Issues

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), enacted in 1985, enables producers to bid to retire highly erodible or environmentally sensitive cropland, usually for 10 years. Participants receive annual rental and cost-sharing payments, and technical assistance to install approved plantings. Up to 36.4 million acres have been enrolled; current enrollment is estimated to be 32.9 million acres.
Date: February 24, 1997
Creator: Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology, 1933-98 (open access)

Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology, 1933-98

Farm commodity programs were a product of the Great Depression. This report discusses the history of farm commodity legislation. Since 1933, Congress has required the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) to administer a variety of programs providing price support and income protection for the nations farmers.
Date: February 9, 1999
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Survey of Grazing Programs in Western States (open access)

Survey of Grazing Programs in Western States

This report sets out in chart form a survey of grazing programs on state-owned lands in 16 western states. It presents information on acreage, numbers of permits or leases, and fees for state grazing programs. It also contains information on state policies relating to various features such as non-use, range improvements, and subleasing. The Report is based on telephone interviews with state grazing program officials.
Date: January 30, 1996
Creator: Baldwin, Pamela & Cody, Betsy A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Research, Education, Extension and Economics Programs: A Primer (open access)

Agricultural Research, Education, Extension and Economics Programs: A Primer

The 105th Congress is undertaking a thorough review of federal laws and policies affecting the nationwide system of federal and state agricultural research laboratories and agencies, the land grant Colleges of Agriculture and related schools of forestry and veterinary medicine, and the continuing education programs of the Cooperative Extension System. In preparation for hearings and subsequent debate on these subjects, this report provides an overview of all the components of the system, its major programs, and its funding.
Date: March 4, 1997
Creator: Rawson, Jean M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco-Related Programs and Activities of the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Operation and Cost (open access)

Tobacco-Related Programs and Activities of the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Operation and Cost

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has long operated programs that directly assist farmers and others with the production and marketing of numerous crops, including tobacco. In most cases, the programs themselves are not controversial. Increasingly, however, where tobacco is involved, the use of federal funds is being called into question.
Date: July 6, 1998
Creator: Womach, Jasper
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Managing Farm Risk in a New Policy Era (open access)

Managing Farm Risk in a New Policy Era

This report discusses the enhancements to the crop insurance and revenue insurance programs that are expected to be considered by the 106th Congress in order to improve the farm financial safety net and preclude the need for ad hoc legislative assistance.
Date: January 22, 1999
Creator: Chite, Ralph M. & Jickling, Mark
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library