States

Agitator Mixing Analysis in a HB-Line Flat Tank (open access)

Agitator Mixing Analysis in a HB-Line Flat Tank

In support of the HB-Line Engineering agitator mixing project, flow pattern calculations have been made for a 45 degrees pitched three-blade agitator submerged in a flat rectangular tank. The work is intended to determine agitator speeds that provide acceptable mixing performance for various tank liquid levels based on flow rates past solids deposited on the bottom surface of the flat tank. The modeling results will help ensure the acceptable suspension of solid particles as a function of agitator speed and tank liquid level during precipitation operations. The numerical modeling and calculations have been performed using a computational fluid dynamics approach. Three-dimensional steady-state momentum and continuity equations were used as the basic equations to estimate fluid motion driven by an agitator with three 45 degrees pitched blades. Hydraulic conditions were fully turbulent (Reynolds number about 2x104). A standard two-equation turbulence model (k-e), was used to capture turbulent eddy motion. The commercial finite volume code, Fluent [7], was used to create a prototypic geometry file with a non-orthogonal mesh. Hybrid meshing was used to fill the computational region between the round-edged tank bottom and agitator regions. At high rotational speeds and low tank levels, a surface vortex can reach the agitator blades …
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Lee, Si Young
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Export and Food Aid Programs (open access)

Agricultural Export and Food Aid Programs

This report discusses projected agricultural imports and exports for FY2002, as well as legislation that deals with federal programs in support of agricultural exports and federal aid dedicated to farms and agricultural reform.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture Support Mechanisms in the European Union: A Comparison with the United States (open access)

Agriculture Support Mechanisms in the European Union: A Comparison with the United States

The European Union (EU), comprised of 15 member states (countries), is one of the United States’ chief agricultural trading partners and also a major competitor in world markets. Both heavily support their agricultural sectors, with a large share of such support concentrated on wheat, feed grains, cotton, oilseeds, sugar, dairy, and tobacco. However, the EU provides more extensive support to a broader range of farm and food products. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the EU and United States in 2001 together accounted for nearly two-thirds of all government support to agriculture among the major developed economies. However, EU agricultural spending generally is much higher than in the United States. Information comparing how the U.S. and EU governments support their producers is expected to be of interest to policymakers while negotiations are underway among world trading partners to further reform agricultural trade.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Annual Program Progress Report under DOE/PHRI Cooperative Agreement: (July 1, 2001-June 30, 2002) (open access)

Annual Program Progress Report under DOE/PHRI Cooperative Agreement: (July 1, 2001-June 30, 2002)

OAK B188 DOE/PHRI Special Medical Care Program in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI)Annual Program Progress Report. The DOE Marshall Islands Medical Program continued, in this it's 48th year, to provide medical surveillance for the exposed population from Rongelap and Utrik and the additional DOE patients. The program was inaugurated in 1954 by the Atomic Energy Commission following the exposure of Marshallese to fallout from a nuclear test (Castle Bravo) at Bikini Atoll. This year marks the fourth year in which the program has been carried out by PHRI under a cooperative agreement with DOE. The DOERHRI Special Medical Care Program, awarded the cooperative agreement on August 28, 1998, commenced its health care program on January 15, 1999, on Kwajalein and January 22, 1999, on Majuro. This report details the program for the July 1, 2001, through the June 30, 2002, period. The program provides year-round, on-site medical care to the DOE patient population residing in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) and annual examinations to those patients living in Hawaii and on the Continental U.S.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Palafox, Neal A., MD, MPH
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Battery-Powered Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Projects to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Resource for Project Development (open access)

Battery-Powered Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Projects to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Resource for Project Development

The transportation sector accounts for a large and growing share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Worldwide, motor vehicles emit well over 900 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) each year, accounting for more than 15 percent of global fossil fuel-derived CO2 emissions.1 In the industrialized world alone, 20-25 percent of GHG emissions come from the transportation sector. The share of transport-related emissions is growing rapidly due to the continued increase in transportation activity.2 In 1950, there were only 70 million cars, trucks, and buses on the world’s roads. By 1994, there were about nine times that number, or 630 million vehicles. Since the early 1970s, the global fleet has been growing at a rate of 16 million vehicles per year. This expansion has been accompanied by a similar growth in fuel consumption.3 If this kind of linear growth continues, by the year 2025 there will be well over one billion vehicles on the world’s roads.4 In a response to the significant growth in transportation-related GHG emissions, governments and policy makers worldwide are considering methods to reverse this trend. However, due to the particular make-up of the transportation sector, regulating and reducing emissions from this sector poses a significant …
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: National Energy Technology Laboratory (U.S.)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Can laterally overgrown GaN layers be free of structural defects? (open access)

Can laterally overgrown GaN layers be free of structural defects?

None
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Cherns, D. & Liliental-Weber, Z.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Canceled DOD Appropriations: Improvements Made but More Corrective Actions Are Needed (open access)

Canceled DOD Appropriations: Improvements Made but More Corrective Actions Are Needed

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Congress changed the law governing the use of appropriation accounts in 1990 because it found that the Department of Defense (DOD) may have spent hundreds of millions of dollars for purposes that Congress had not approved. The 1990 law provided that, 5 years after the expiration of the period of availability of a fixed-term appropriation, the appropriation account be closed and all remaining balances canceled. After closing, the appropriation account could no longer be used for obligations or expenditures for any purpose. DOD has started the process of correcting the illegal or improper closed account adjustments made during fiscal year 2000. However, this will require substantial effort and, according to DOD, estimates will not be complete before the end of fiscal year 2002. DOD had upgraded its system control features by the end of fiscal year 2001 to preclude many of the wholesale adjustments that GAO had previously identified. Because its system enhancements were done in stages, including some near the end of fiscal year 2001, DOD continued to make large amounts of illegal and otherwise improper closed account adjustments during the year. However, given the …
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Capacity investigation of brine-bearing sands for geologic sequestration of CO2 (open access)

Capacity investigation of brine-bearing sands for geologic sequestration of CO2

None
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Doughty, Christine; Benson, Sally & Pruess, Karsten
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of Tank 46F Core Samples (open access)

Characterization of Tank 46F Core Samples

Tank 46F is the current drop tank for the 2F evaporator and contains about190 inches of saltcake. Samples from the High Level Waste (HLW) Evaporator feed and drop tanks are analyzed every six months for criticality safety and scale formation potential. Analysis performed under this program includes analysis for silicon, aluminum, sodium, and free hydroxide concentration (evaluation of scale formation rates) and suite of criticality analyses . The recent minor leaks detected in Tank 5F have also led to HLW engineering to attempt to decide where to send material from Tank 5F. One of the primary options is to transfer Tank 5F material to Tank 46F. In order to support the Tank 5F transfer decision process, data is needed on the uranium isotopic distribution in the salt in Tank 46F.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Oji, L.N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Safety: Emergency Response Community Views on the Adequacy of Federally Required Chemical Information (open access)

Chemical Safety: Emergency Response Community Views on the Adequacy of Federally Required Chemical Information

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The United States has become increasingly aware of the need to be prepared for emergencies, including those involving hazardous chemicals. The local emergency responders and representatives from national organizations that GAO contacted have varied views on the adequacy of (1) information in chemical inventory forms and risk management plans and (2) the manner in which that information is delivered. Most members of the emergency response community believe that the manner of delivery of federally required information could be improved. Environmental Protection Agency officials cited their efforts to ensure compliance with provisions of the Clean Air Act's risk management program. However, their sense of the extent of compliance varies across three specific provisions; that is, the extent to which (1) facilities have registered risk management plans, (2) the plans contain accurate information, and (3) local responders are receiving the plans."
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
CMIR/PCR/FRR for Closure of SRL Seepage Basins Operable Unit (904-53G1, -53G2, -54G, and -55G) (open access)

CMIR/PCR/FRR for Closure of SRL Seepage Basins Operable Unit (904-53G1, -53G2, -54G, and -55G)

The purpose of this Corrective Measures Implementation Report/Post-Construction Report/Final Remediation Report (CMIR/PCR/FRR) is to document compliance with technical and statutory requirements and to provide a consolidated record of all removal and remedial activities that have taken place during implementation of the selected corrective measure/remedial action for the Savannah River Laboratory Seepage Basins (SRLSBs) at the Savannah River Site (SRS).
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Sappington, F. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparison between structural properties of bulk GaN grown under high N pressure and GaN grown by other methods (open access)

Comparison between structural properties of bulk GaN grown under high N pressure and GaN grown by other methods

In this paper defects formed in GaN grown by different methods are reviewed. Formation of particular defects are often related to the crystallographic direction in which the crystals grow. For bulk crystals the highest growth rates are observed for directions perpendicular to the c-axis. Threading dislocations and nanopipes along the c-axis are not formed in these crystals, but polarity of the growth direction plays a role concerning defects that are formed and surface roughness. For growth of homoepitaxial layers, where growth is forced to take place in the c-direction threading dislocations are formed and their density is related to the purity of constituents used for growth and to substrate surface inhomogeneities. In heteroepitaxial layers two other factors: lattice mismatch and thermal expansion mismatch are related to the formation of dislocations. Doping of crystals can also lead to formation of defects characteristic for a specific dopant. This type of defects tends to be growth method independent but can depend on growth polarity.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Liliental-Weber, Z.; Jasinski, J. & Washburn, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Correlations between spatially resolved Raman shifts and dislocation density in GaN films (open access)

Correlations between spatially resolved Raman shifts and dislocation density in GaN films

None
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Nootz, G.; Schulte, A.; Chernyak, L.; Osinsky, A.; Jasinski, J.; Benamara, M. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cross-Cutting Studies and State-of-the-Practice Reviews: Archive and Use of ITS-Generated Data (open access)

Cross-Cutting Studies and State-of-the-Practice Reviews: Archive and Use of ITS-Generated Data

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) provide and use information about transportation conditions to improve system performance in such areas as safety, mobility, efficiency and environmental impacts. Typically, ITS generates massive amounts of data about the state of travel that are used primarily by transportation authorities to effectively operate and manage their transportation systems, and by private individuals and industry to manage trips. These primary uses provide short-term, real-time information regarding the transportation systems current conditions and driver and passenger choices. A broad spectrum of stakeholders could benefit from ITS-generated data to meet their data needs in planning, operations and maintenance, administration, training, modeling, simulations, and development of control strategies. In the context of ADUS, the term ''ITS-generated data'' refers to those data generated by ITS that are primarily used ''in managing system operations and providing information on system conditions and choices to the public.'' Specifically, ADUS refers to data generated from any one of the nine components that make up the ITS infrastructure: (1) freeway management, (2) incident management, (3) arterial management, (4) electronic fare payment, (5) electronic toll collection, (6) transit management, (7) highway-rail intersections, (8) emergency management, and (9) regional multimodal traveler information. The overall objectives of this project …
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Hu, PS
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
DEVELOPING STATE POLICIES SUPPORTIVE OF BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT (open access)

DEVELOPING STATE POLICIES SUPPORTIVE OF BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT

Working within the context of the Southern States Biobased Alliance (SSBA) and with officials in each state, the Southern States Energy Board (SSEB) is identifying bioenergy-related policies and programs within each state to determine their impact on the development, deployment or use of bioenergy. In addition, SSEB will determine which policies have impacted industry's efforts to develop, deploy or use biobased technologies or products. As a result, SSEB will work with the Southern States Biobased Alliance to determine how policy changes might address any negative impacts or enhance positive impacts.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Baskin, Kathryn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Dietary Supplements For Weight Loss: Limited Federal Oversight Has Focused More on Marketing than on Safety (open access)

Dietary Supplements For Weight Loss: Limited Federal Oversight Has Focused More on Marketing than on Safety

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Since the enactment of the Dietary Enactment Supplement Health and Education Act in 1994, U.S. sales of weight loss supplements have increased steadily. The sales of weight loss supplements--reported to be the fastest growing segment of the dietary supplement industry--increased 10 to 20 percent annually from 1997 to 2001, and industry officials expect that rate of increase to continue. Little is known about the effectiveness of weight loss supplements, but some supplements have been associated with the potential physical harm. Health consequences may result from the use of the supplement itself or from the interaction of the supplement with medications or foods. Federal and state activities related to weight loss supplements have been limited and have focused on oversight of marketing rather than on oversight of safety. In addition, several states have statutes or regulations in effect or pending to restrict the sale of some weight loss supplements. Some state attorneys general and local district attorneys have sued the manufacturers of supplements marketed with weight loss claims, and individuals have sued over injuries."
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
DOE Special Projects: PLACE3S GIS MODULE [Final Report] (open access)

DOE Special Projects: PLACE3S GIS MODULE [Final Report]

PLACE3S (PLAnning for Community Energy, Economic and Environmental Sustainability) energy option matching module.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Eberline Alpha 7L Test Report (open access)

Eberline Alpha 7L Test Report

An Eberline continuous alpha air monitor model Alpha 7L was evaluated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) using the capabilities available at the Environmental Effects Laboratory (EELab). A series of tests were performed to ensure that procured units meet the requirements of the purchasing facility, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). In addition to reporting on the results of each test, other activities were performed to reduce discovered susceptibilities. The parameters monitored during the tests typically included the airflow rate and/or net {sup 239}Pu concentration values (pCi/liter). In addition, the spectrum display and operational status were monitored. Follow up tests were also performed on two LANL-provided production units. The results of those tests are at the end of this report.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Chiaro, P.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effects of hunting and season of fire on wild turkey populations in South Carolina. (open access)

Effects of hunting and season of fire on wild turkey populations in South Carolina.

This report assesses impacts to wild turkey populations from hunting and prescribed fire. The objectives of the study were as follows: (1) To compare survival rates and causes of mortality of wild turkey gobblers between hunted and unhunted populations; (2) To determine the effects of dormant versus growing season prescribed burns on nesting success, survival and habitat use of wild turkey hens; (3) To determine the effects of dormant versus growing season prescribed burns on the availability of wild turkey plant foods.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Moore, William, F.; Kilgo, John, C.; Guynn, David, C. & Davis, James, R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energetic Materials and Atomic Force Microscopy: Structure and Kinetics (open access)

Energetic Materials and Atomic Force Microscopy: Structure and Kinetics

Understanding the structure and composition of energetic materials at the sub-micron level is imperative for the fundamental studies of hot-spot formation and structural composition of energetic materials. Using in situ high-temperature AFM we have observed the solid-solid phase transition of Octahydro-1,3,5,7,-tetrazocine, HMX, in real time. Massive surface reconstruction occurs during the 1st-order transition. The temperature induced increase in void space and surface roughness observed in the delta phase polymorph of HMX serve to increase the growth rate and volume of shock initiated hot spots and possibly reaction sensitivity. HMX exists in four solid phase polymorphs, labeled {alpha}, {beta}, {chi}, and {delta}. The phase conversion of the {beta} phase to the {delta} phase involves a major disruption of the crystal lattice. The energy required to bring about this change is a measurable quantity. Multiple thermal analysis techniques carried out simultaneously are preferable because the results are directly comparable. Thermal methods are dynamic techniques, where heating or cooling is applied to a sample, unless isothermal conditions are employed. Thermogravimetic Analysis, TGA, can be used to quantify decomposition components in a substance while Differential Thermal Analysis, DTA, can be used to measure the heat flow or the specific heat capacity, with respect to …
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Weeks, B.L.; Weese, R.K. & Zaug, J.M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Engineering Development of Slurry Bubble Column Reactor (SBCR) Technology (open access)

Engineering Development of Slurry Bubble Column Reactor (SBCR) Technology

This report summarizes the procedures used and results obtained in determining radial gas holdup profiles, via gamma ray scanning, and in assessing liquid and gas mixing parameters, via radioactive liquid and gas tracers, during Fischer Tropsch synthesis. The objectives of the study were (i) to develop a procedure for detection of gas holdup radial profiles in operating reactors and (ii) to test the ability of the developed, previously described, engineering models to predict the observed liquid and gas mixing patterns. It was shown that the current scanning procedures were not precise enough to obtain an accurate estimate of the gas radial holdup profile and an improved protocol for future use was developed. The previously developed physically based model for liquid mixing was adapted to account for liquid withdrawal from the mid section of the column. The ability of our engineering mixing models for liquid and gas phase to predict both liquid and gas phase tracer response was established and illustrated.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Gupta, Puneet
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geomechanics for an Underground Physics Laboratory in Alluvium (open access)

Geomechanics for an Underground Physics Laboratory in Alluvium

The Lawrence Livermore (LLNL) and Los Alamos (LANL) National Laboratories of the U.S. Department of Energy perform high-energy physics experiments in an underground mine, the Ula complex, at the Nevada Test Site. The mine-operating contractor is Bechtel Nevada Corporation (BN). The peculiarity of this mine is that it is in an alluvium with an unconfined compressive strength of about 1 MPa, at a depth of 300m. So, the in-situ vertical stress is about 6 MPa. Two shafts mark the north and south boundaries of the Ula complex, the Ulh (brand new) and Ula (older) shafts respectively. Their centerlines are separated by a distance of 510 m. The east-west dimension of the complex currently is about 340 m. The drifts and chambers are horizontal and have a width up to 6.6 meters and a height up to 5.1 meters, with locally larger openings at the shaft stations. The drifts are excavated using an Alpine Miner and are taken in two steps, heading and bench, or full heading. At present, ground support is by means of 2.4 m to 5.1 m long rock bolts and wire mesh, that are covered by a 7.5 to 15-cm layer of steel-fiber reinforced shotcrete applied as …
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Heuze, F.; Rees, D.; Swift, R. & Zipf, K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
High Intensity Beam and X-Ray Converter Target Interactions and Mitigation (open access)

High Intensity Beam and X-Ray Converter Target Interactions and Mitigation

Ions extracted from a solid surface or plasma by impact of an high intensity and high current electron beam can partially neutralize the beam space charge and change the focusing system. We have investigated ion emission computationally and experimentally. By matching PIC simulation results with available experimental data, our finding suggests that if a mix of ion species is available at the emitting surface, protons dominate the backstreaming ion effects, and that, unless there is surface flashover, ion emission is source limited. We have also investigated mitigation, such as e-beam cleaning, laser cleaning and ion trapping with a foil barrier. The temporal behavior of beam spot size with a foil barrier and a focusing scheme to improve foil barrier performance are discussed.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Chem, Y. J.; McCarrick, J. F.; Guethlein, G.; Chambers, F.; Falabella, S.; Lauer, E. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
High Performance Concrete Structures: A Work in Progress (open access)

High Performance Concrete Structures: A Work in Progress

This paper presents the experience of TxDOT specifying the use of High Performance Concrete (HPC) for bridges.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Cox, William R. & Pruski, Kevin R.
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History