Designing and constructing low-energy buildings (buildings that consume 50% to 70% less energy than code-compliant buildings) require the design team to follow a process that considers how the building envelope and systems work together. The High-Performance Buildings Research Project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed a technique called the ``energy design process''. This process requires a design team to set energy-efficiency goals at the beginning of the pre-design phase. Detailed computer simulations used throughout the design and construction phases ensure that the building is optimized for energy efficiency and that changes to the design do not adversely affect energy performance. Properly commissioning the building and educating the building operators are the final steps to successfully constructing a low-energy building. NREL's High-Performance Buildings Research project applies the energy design process in the context of real building projects. This paper defines the energy design process and describes how the process was used to optimize the design of the BigHorn Center, a retail building in Silverthorne, Colorado.

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Two possible conceptual optical designs for a stand-alone C0 IR insert were presented. Both inserts are optically transparent to the rest of the machine, with no impact on Run IIb Tevatron operating parameters. Both design variations require high-field LHC-like quadrupoles for the final focus triplet. In the first version, with enhanced dipoles creating space for separators in the arcs, collisions can be created at all 3 IP's simultaneously. Stronger dipoles also free more than 26 m of space for the detector. At C0, {beta}* is limited to {ge}50 cm by {beta}max in the IR triplets. The second version of the IR has neither new dipoles nor new arc separators. Collider scenarios have either B0 and D0 at collision, or just C0. At C0, {beta}* can be decreased to 40 cm, but the price paid is a substantial reduction in free space available for the detector. This first pass at C0 IR designs has left a number of questions unresolved. A few of these outstanding issues that a second iteration of the IR designs must address are discussed.

Emittance growth due to noise from a transverse beam feedback system are discussed. A theory for calculating emittance growth rate as a function of the feedback system's measured open loop transfer function is derived. A simple feedback system was installed, measured, and tested in the Fermilab Tevatron, and the emittance growth rate results agree very closely with the theory.

The motivation, prospects, and R and D plans for future high-intensity muon facilities are described, with an emphasis on neutrino factories. The additional R and D needed for muon colliders is also considered.

Due to increasing environmental concerns, in 1994, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began implementing regulations that require automakers to incorporate comprehensive on-board diagnostics into new vehicles. The purpose is to monitor emissions, which will allow early detection of any malfunctioning of the engine and/or exhaust treatment system. Currently, monitorings of hydrocarbon and NOx emissions are regarded as being the most critical for evaluating car emissions.

Inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) provides high-pressure research with an arsenal of analytical capabilities for key measurements that were previously unattainable, and high pressure research provides IXS with numerous applications where the technique has unique advantages over other methods. High-pressure investigations can now be conducted using non-resonant IXS, resonant IXS, nuclear resonant IXS, and x-ray emission spectroscopy with energy resolutions of 100 meV to 1 eV for electronic transitions and 1 to 10 meV for phonon studies. By pressure-tuning materials over a wide range, we are able to investigate fundamental physics of electron gases, strongly correlated electron systems, high-energy electronic excitations, and phonons in energy and momentum space. The results will have a profound influence on materials applications as well as providing basic information for understanding the deep interior of the Earth and other planets.

Instrumentation concepts for the Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC) are discussed. Different design concepts for the VLHC result in substantially different instrumentation layouts. High field, cold bore magnets have instrumentation requirements very similar to the SSC and LHC. In contrast, the low field warm bore transmission line magnets have very sparse instrumentation and the long magnet length allows the cable plant to be preinstalled on the magnets. Specialized beam instrumentation concepts including permanently sealed semi-rigid coax BLM's and distributed coupled-bunch damping systems are discussed.

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A report on beam loss, radiation shielding, and residual radiation experiences and status in the Fermilab Linac and Booster is presented. Historically, the Linac/Booster system has served only as an injector for the relatively low repetition rate Main Ring synchrotron. With the construction of an 8 GeV target station for the 5 Hz MiniBooNE neutrino beam and rapid multi-batch injection into the Main Injector for the NUMI experiment, the demand for Booster protons will increase dramatically over the next few years. Booster beam loss reduction and control are key to the entire future Fermilab high energy physics program.

Waste receipts to the double-shell tank system are analyzed and wastes through the year 2015 are projected based on generation trends of the past 12 months. A computer simulation of site operations is performed, which results in projections of tank fill schedules, tank transfers, evaporator operations, tank retrieval, and aging waste tank usage. This projection incorporates current budget planning and the clean-up schedule of the Tri-Party Agreement. Assumptions were current as of June. 2000.

With the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV (11 GeV for Halls A, B and C) upgrade, several new physics windows open up. In particular, a large kinematics domain in deep inelastic scattering becomes available. Coupled to the high luminosity and high polarization of beam and targets, Jefferson Lab will be in a unique position to make a significant contribution in the understanding of nucleon and nuclear structure, and strong interaction in the high x region. (For a non-expert, roughly speaking x is the percentage of momentum carried by the leading quark with which the electron is directly interacting). Theoretically, the high x region is relatively clean, where it provides a testing ground for the understanding of the nucleon structure in terms of a simple quark picture. Due to the fact that the quark distribution drops fast when x becomes large, few precision data exists in this region (especially for the spin-dependent nucleon structure). Precision data in this region (at relatively low Q{sup 2}) are not only important for understanding the structure there, but also have a significant impact for a search of new physics beyond the standard model at very high energies. A high luminosity is crucial for getting precise information …

This document describes changes that need to be made to the site's authorization basis and technical concerns that need to be resolved before proceduralized use of Electrochemical Noise based corrosion monitoring systems is fully possible at the Hanford Site.

Currently, the NREL Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment (UAE) research turbine is scheduled to enter the NASA Ames 80-ft x 120-ft wind tunnel in early 2000. To prepare for this 3-week test, a Science Panel meeting was convened at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) in October 1998. During this meeting, the Science Panel and representatives from the wind energy community provided numerous detailed recommendations regarding test activities and priorities. The Unsteady Aerodynamics team of the NWTC condensed this guidance and drafted a detailed test plan. This test plan represents an attempt to balance diverse recommendations received from the Science Panel meeting, while taking into account multiple constraints imposed by the UAE research turbine, the NASA Ames 80-ft x 120-ft wind tunnel, and other sources. The NREL-NASA Ames wind tunnel tests will primarily be focused on obtaining rotating blade pressure data. NREL has been making these types of measurements since 1987 and has considerable experience in doing so. The purpose of this wind tunnel test is to acquire accurate quantitative aerodynamic and structural measurements, on a wind turbine that is geometrically and dynamically representative of full-scale machines, in an environment free from pronounced inflow anomalies. These data will be exploited to develop …

Recent increases in the seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO{sub 2} at high latitudes suggest a widespread biospheric response to high-latitude warming. We have shown that the seasonal amplitude of net ecosystem carbon exchange by northern Siberian ecosystems is greater in disturbed than undisturbed sites, due to increased summer influx and increased winter efflux. Net carbon gain in summer and respiration in winter were greater in a cool than in a warm year, especially in disturbed sites and did not differ between high-arctic and treeline sites, suggesting that high-latitude warming, if it occurred, would have little effect or would reduce seasonal amplitude of carbon exchange. We suggest that increased disturbance contributes significantly to the amplified seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO{sub 2} at high latitudes.

The Proceedings of the 1999 US Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program Review serve as an important technology reference for the DOE Hydrogen Program. This document contains technical progress reports on 60 research and technology validation projects funded by the DOE Hydrogen Program in Fiscal Year 1999, in support of its mission to make hydrogen a cost-effective energy carrier for utility, building, and transportation applications. Each year, the Program conducts a rigorous review of its portfolio of projects, utilizing teams of experts to provide vital feedback on the progress of research.

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New modules for simulating electromagnetic showers at energies from 1 keV to a multi-TeV region have been developed and implemented into the MARS code. The entire shower and several non-standard processes essential at high energies are treated either exclusively or inclusively, according to the user's choice. Results of calculations are in a good agreement with data.

Newsletter of the Texas Department of Health discussing the news, activities, and events of the organization and other information related to health in Texas.

Tolerable beam losses are estimated for high-intensity ring accelerators with proton energy of 3 to 16 GeV. Dependence on beam energy, lattice and magnet geometry is studied via full Monte Carlo MARS14 simulations in lattice elements, shielding, tunnel and surrounding dirt with realistic geometry, materials and magnetic fields.

The major objective of this program was to upgrade and replace instruments and equipment that significantly improve the performance, control and operational capability of the Purdue University nuclear reactor (PUR-1). Under this major objective two projects on instrument upgrade were implemented. The first one was to convert the vacuum tube control and safety amplifiers (CSA) to solid state electronics, and the other was to upgrade the electrical and electronic shielding. This report is the annual report and gives the efforts and progress achieved on these two projects from July 1999 to June 2000.

The SIunits package allows for the use of world views other than the standard (std) view of dimensional quantities length, time, mass, current, temperature, and so forth. A commonly used world view says ``work in units where c = 1,'' for example. The package must do the work to support that new relativistic world view. In this note, the author provides concrete answers to several questions: What set of statements defines a world view? What does the SIunits Package need to know to be able to support each world view? How can this information be derived from the defining statements, in the general case? and Where are these computations and derivations done in the SIunits package? As a starting point, the author describes the std world view as having N{sub d} dimensioned units labeled f{sub a}. Thus f{sub 1} is a meter, f{sub 2} a kilogram, f{sub 3} a second, and so forth. N{sub d} is seven but that is moot; were they to eliminate Luminosity and/or Amount of Substance, for instance, the arguments in this note would remain unchanged.