Realistic signal to noise performance estimates for the various types of instruments being considered for NGST are compared, based on the point source detection values quoted in the available ISIM final reports. The corresponding sensitivity of the various types of spectrometers operating in a full field imaging mode, for both emission line objects and broad spectral distribution objects, is computed and displayed. For the purpose of seeing the earliest galaxies, or the faintest possible emission line sources, the imaging Fourier transform spectrometer emerges superior to all others, by orders of magnitude in speed.

We have developed and implemented automated algorithms to retrieve profiles of water vapor mixing ratio, aerosol backscattering, and aerosol extinction from Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Raman Lidar data acquired during both daytime and nighttime operations. This Raman lidar system is unique in that it is turnkey, automated system designed for unattended, around-the-clock profiling of water vapor and aerosols (Goldsmith et al., 1998). These Raman lidar profiles are important for determining the clear-sky radiative flux, as well as for validating the retrieval algorithms associated with satellite sensors. Accurate, high spatial and temporal resolution profiles of water vapor are also required for assimilation into mesoscale models to improve weather forecasts. We have also developed and implemented routines to simultaneously retrieve profiles of relative humidity. These routines utilize the water vapor mixing ratio profiles derived from the Raman lidar measurements together with temperature profiles derived from a physical retrieval algorithm that uses data from a collocated Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) (Feltz et al., 1998; Turner et al., 1999). These aerosol and water vapor profiles (Raman lidar) and temperature profiles (AERI+GOES) have been combined into a single product that takes advantage …

The authors have developed and implemented automated algorithms to retrieve profiles of water vapor mixing ratio, aerosol backscattering, and aerosol extinction from Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Raman Lidar data acquired during both daytime and nighttime operations. The Raman lidar sytem is unique in that it is turnkey, automated system designed for unattended, around-the-clock profiling of water vapor and aerosols. These Raman lidar profiles are important for determining the clear-sky radiative flux, as well as for validating the retrieval algorithms associated with satellite sensors. Accurate, high spatial and temporal resolution profiles of water vapor are also required for assimilation into mesoscale models to improve weather forecasts. The authors have also developed and implemented routines to simultaneously retrieve profiles of relative humidity. These routines utilize the water vapor mixing ratio profiles derived from the Raman lidar measurements together with temperature profiles derived from a physical retrieval algorithm that uses data from a collocated Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). These aerosol and water vapor profiles (Raman lidar) and temperature profiles (AERI+GOES) have been combined into a single product that takes advantage of both active and passive remote sensors to characterize the …

The DOE Atmospheric Chemistry Program, and the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) conducted a field program in the Phoenix Metropolitan area in the late spring of 1998. The experiment was composed of a linked set of aircraft and surface measurements designed to characterize the chemical and meteorological processes leading to ozone episodes. The existing network of Arizona DEQ sites in Phoenix was utilized to document ground level concentrations of ozone and its precursors. West of the downtown area, a site (Usery Pass) was set up for the detailed characterization of the mature Phoenix urban plume. Detailed measurements in the source region were made at several sites in downtown Phoenix. The DOE G-1 aircraft, equipped with a comprehensive array of instruments to characterize atmospheric trace gas and aerosol composition, flew over the region at various times during the day. All times in the following discussion are local standard time (LST). Morning flights were typically made between 08:00 and 12:00 upwind, to measure background concentrations, and over the Phoenix source region, to characterize the sources of ozone precursors. Afternoon flights over the Phoenix source region and downwind between 15:00 and 18:00 were made to examine the chemical properties and physical distribution …

The DOE Atmospheric Chemistry Program, and the Arizona Department of Environmentel Quality (DEQ) conducted a field program in the Phoenix Metropolitan area in the late spring of 1998. The experiment was composed of a linked set of aircraft and surface measurements designed to characterize the chemical and meteorological processes leading to ozone episodes. The existing network of Arizona DEQ sites in Phoenix was utilized to document ground level concentrations of ozone and its precursors. West of the downtown area, a site (Usery Pass) was set up for the detailed characterization of the mature Phoenix urban plume. Detailed measurements in the source region were made at several sites in downtown Phoenix. The DOE G-1 aircraft, equipped wih a comprehensive array of instruments to characterize atmospheric trace gas and aerosol composition, flew over the region at various times during the day. All times in the following discussion are local standard time (LST). Morning flights were typically made between 08:00 and 12:00 upwind, to measure background concentrations, and over the Phoenix source region, to characterize the sources of ozone precursors. Afternoon flights over the Phoenix source region and downwind between 15:00 and 18:00 were made to examine the chemical properties and physical distribution …