Cost-shared projects with the U.S. Department of Energy and the wind industry have produced new, commercially available turbines that generate power at low costs. Advanced wind turbine technologies will be instrumental for the United States and other countries in meeting their commitments to reduce greenhouse gases.

High intensity synchrotron radiation produces photons with wavelengths that extend from the infrared to hard x rays with energies of hundreds of keV with uniquely high photon intensities that can be used to determine the composition and properties of materials using a variety of techniques. Most of these techniques represent extensions of earlier work performed with ordinary tube-type x-ray sources. The properties of the synchrotron source such as the continuous range of energy, high degree of photon polarization, pulsed beams, and photon flux many orders of magnitude higher than from x-ray tubes have made possible major advances in the possible chemical applications. We describe here ways that materials analyses can be made using the high intensity beams for measurements with small beam sizes and/or high detection sensitivity. The relevant characteristics of synchrotron x-ray sources are briefly summarized to give an idea of the x-ray parameters to be exploited. The experimental techniques considered include x-ray fluorescence, absorption, and diffraction. Examples of typical experimental apparatus used in these experiments are considered together with descriptions of actual applications.

Collection of political cartoons from Herb Block from 1929-2000, interspersed with small biographical pieces about the cartoonist with praise from colleagues.

This century old area of research has been experiencing a renaissance during the last decade, with the annual number of publications on the subject increasing from only one in 1990 to nearly 200 in the late-1990s. This renewed interest is stimulated by the discovery of biological roles of nitric oxide, distinguished by the 1998 Nobel prize, and the recognition that the conversion of nitric oxide into peroxynitrite may play major roles in human diseases associated with oxidative stress and in cellular defense against invading pathogens. Peroxynitrite (ONOO{sup {minus}})is a structural isomer of nitrate (NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}) that contains a peroxo bond. The physiological route to ONOO{sup {minus}} is provided by the combination of nitric oxide ({center_dot}NO) with superoxide ({center_dot}O{sub 2}{sup {minus}}), an extremely rapid reaction occurring upon every encounter of these radicals (the upper dot denotes radical species). Both {center_dot}NO and {center_dot}O{sub 2}{sup {minus}} are the oxygen metabolic products simultaneously generated in a number of cell types within a human body. Compared to its precursors, peroxynitrite is a much stronger oxidant capable of oxidizing proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.

This is a bimonthly newsletter from DOE's Office of Industrial Technologies to promote the use of energy-efficient industrial systems.

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This fact sheet presents documented information that dispels some of the myths that people have developed about ethanol. Once the facts are revealed, it becomes clear that using and producing ethanol for transportation is good for the country's economy, environment, and energy future.

The identification of charge stripes in La{sub 2{minus}x{minus}y}Nd{sub y}Sr{sub x}CuO{sub 4} (Nd-214) has reenergized research on the original high transition temperature {Tc} superconductor, La{sub 2{minus}x}Ba{sub x}CuO{sub 4} (Ba-214), and related compounds. Early in the study of Ba-214, a low temperature phase transition was associated with changes in electrical properties. An apparent suppression of {Tc} near Ba x=0.125, was initially associated with a first order low temperature phase transformation. However, it was later shown that only very near Ba x=0.125 was {Tc} reduced markedly, and that the relationship between crystal structure and {Tc} is more complicated. This review well describe the low temperature crystal structures and microstructures, as well as the superconducting properties as determined from low field (1-100G) dc magnetometer measurements for Ba-214, Nd-214, and La{sub 2{minus}x}Sr{sub x}CuO{sub 4} (Sr-214). The authors will also describe some work in the related La{sub 2{minus}x}Ca{sub x}CuO{sub 4} (Ca-214). A basic knowledge of the interactions among superconductivity and low temperature phases will allow one to better understand the significance of the underlying charge stripe phases.

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NREL's Center for Basic Sciences performs fundamental research for DOE's Office of Science. Our mission is to provide fundamental knowledge in the basic sciences and engineering that will underpin new and improved renewable energy technologies.

NREL PV Working With Industry is a quarterly newsletter devoted to the research, development, and deployment performed by NREL staff in concert with their industry and university partners. The Fourth Quarter, 1999 issue, titled ''Knowledge is PV Power'' focuses on the contribution of the university-based subcontractors to the PV Program. The editorialist is Robert Birkmire, Director of the Institute of Energy Conversion, which is affiliated with the University of Delaware.

NREL PV Working With Industry is a quarterly newsletter devoted to the research, development, and deployment performed by NREL staff in concert with their industry and university partners. The First Quarter, 2000, issue offers an in-depth look at the PV Program's Five Year Plan and the PV industry's progress in developing a 20-year roadmap. The editorialist is Roger Little, President and CEO of Spire Corporation and a member of the NCPV Advisory Board.

Sixteen-page booklet containing case studies of the nine Federal Energy Saver Showcase award recipients for 1999.

This is a fact sheet on an advanced computer analysis system for petroleum refining written for the NICE3 Program.

This issue of Alternative Fuel News contains information on the upcoming Clean Cities Conference to be held May 7--10, 2000 in San Diego, California. Highlighted in this issue is the success of the Clean Cities Program in creating clean corridors that permit fleets that serve multiple cities to purchase AFVs with confidence, knowing that fueling convenience and supply will not be a problem. Also look for articles on electric vehicles, transit buses; state and fuel provider enforcement; the Salt Lake and Greater Long Island Clean Cities coalitions, HEVs and fuel cells are a big hit at auto shows; DOE awards alternative fuel grants to 33 National Parks; and the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) Section 506 report.

This final issue of the Alternative Fuel News (AFN) for the 20th century provides updates on specific Clean Cities Program progress and provide a glimpse of what is in store for the future. A national nonprofit organization has been part of the Clean Cities vision for some time, and now it is a reality as National Clean Cities, Inc. (NCC). While Clean Cities coalitions have had some success in securing local private foundation funds for alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) projects in their regions, now with the help of NCC, they can tap into the dollars available from large, national foundations. The Clean Cities Game Plan 2000, which is the highlight of the cover story, outlines the strategy for the next year.

This report is a fact sheet written for the NICE3 Program on a new atmosphere gas recovery system for furnaces used in heat treating operations. The National Industrial Competitiveness through Energy, Environment, and Economics program (NICE3) promotes energy efficiency, clean production, and economic competitiveness in industry.

Fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new technology for brazing and spot welding.

This brochure provides information on how consumers can use renewable energy in and around the home. Information on buying green power; using renewables to generate power; using passive and active solar and geothermal heat pumps to heat, cool and light buildings; and using alternative fuels and vehicles is included. Resources at the end of each chapter help readers find more information.

This report is a fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new process for manufacturing metallurgical grade coke briquettes for the steel industry.

Fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new process for casting hollow steel rounds that saves energy and costs.

This is a fact sheet on new microwave drying technology written for the NICE3 Program.

This report is a fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new method of disposing of chemically treated wood wastes.

Fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new innovation in gas turbine engines that allows for unusually effective cooling.