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Simulation of Alpha-Channeling in Mirror Machines
Applying α-channeling techniques to mirror machines can significantly increase their effective reactivity, thus making open configurations more advantageous for practical fusion. A large fraction of α particle energy can be extracted using rf waves. Effects employed to cool α particles can also in principle be used to heat the fusion ions; the possibility to design a configuration of rf waves which could be used to perform both tasks is demonstrated.
Date:
March 17, 2008
Creator:
A.I. Zhmoginov, N.J. Fisch
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wavelength Variation of the Second-Order Nonlinear Coefficients of KNbO3, KTiOPO4, KTiOAsO4, LiNbO3, LiIO3, B-BaB2O4, KH2PO4, and LiB3O5 Crystals: A Test of Miller Wavelength Scaling
None
Date:
July 17, 2000
Creator:
ALFORD,WILLIAM J. & SMITH,ARLEE V.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program: How are State Allotments Determined?
This report discusses the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), which is a block grant program under which the federal government provides states annual grants to operate multi-component home energy assistance programs for needy households.
Date:
April 17, 2001
Creator:
Abbey, Craig W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ion Deflection for Final Optics In Laser Inertial Fusion Power Plants
Left unprotected, both transmissive and reflective final optics in a laser inertial fusion power plant would quickly fail from melting, pulsed thermal stresses, or degradation of optical properties as a result of ion implantation. One potential option for mitigating this threat is to magnetically deflect the ions such that they are directed into a robust energy dump. In this paper we detail integrated studies that have been carried out to asses the viability of this approach for protecting final optics.
Date:
November 17, 2006
Creator:
Abbott, R P & Latkowski, J F
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EARLY ENTRANCE COPRODUCTION PLANT
The overall objective of this project is the three-phase development of an Early Entrance Coproduction Plant (EECP) that produces at least one product from at least two of the following three categories: Electric power (or heat); Fuels; and Chemicals. The objective is to have these products produced by technologies capable of using synthesis gas derived from coal and/or some other carbonaceous feedstock, such as petroleum coke. The objective of Phase I was to determine the feasibility and define the concept for the EECP located at a specific site and to develop a Research, Development, and Testing (RD and T) Plan for implementation in Phase II. This objective has now been accomplished. A specific site, Motiva Refinery in Port Arthur, Texas, has been selected as the location best suited for the EECP. The accomplishments of Phase I are discussed in detail in this Phase I Concept Report. A RD and T Plan and a preliminary project financing plan have been developed and are submitted separately from this report.
Date:
May 17, 2001
Creator:
Abughazaleh, John S.; Ahmed, Mushtaq; Anand, Ashok; Anderson, John H.; Benham, Charles; Brent, Fred D. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
PWR AXIAL BURNUP PROFILE ANALYSIS
The purpose of this activity is to develop a representative ''limiting'' axial burnup profile for pressurized water reactors (PWRs), which would encompass the isotopic axial variations caused by different assembly irradiation histories, and produce conservative isotopics with respect to criticality. The effect that the low burnup regions near the ends of spent fuel have on system reactivity is termed the ''end-effect''. This calculation will quantify the end-effects associated with Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel assemblies emplaced in a hypothetical 21 PWR waste package. The scope of this calculation covers an initial enrichment range of 3.0 through 5.0 wt% U-235 and a burnup range of 10 through 50 GWd/MTU. This activity supports the validation of the process for ensuring conservative generation of spent fuel isotopics with respect to criticality safety applications, and the use of burnup credit for commercial spent nuclear fuel. The intended use of these results will be in the development of PWR waste package loading curves, and applications involving burnup credit. Limitations of this evaluation are that the limiting profiles are only confirmed for use with the B&W 15 x 15 fuel assembly design. However, this assembly design is considered bounding of all other typical commercial PWR fuel …
Date:
September 17, 2003
Creator:
Acaglione, J.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
International Law and the Preemptive Use of Force Against Iraq. March 2003
This report examines that issue as developed in customary international law and under the United Nations Charter.
Date:
March 17, 2003
Creator:
Ackerman, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Operation of a Free-Electron Laser from the Extreme Ultraviolet to the Water Window
We report results on the performance of a free-electron laser operating at a wavelength of 13.7 nm where unprecedented peak and average powers for a coherent extreme-ultraviolet radiation source have been measured. In the saturation regime, the peak energy approached 170 {micro}J for individual pulses, and the average energy per pulse reached 70 {micro}J. The pulse duration was in the region of 10 fs, and peak powers of 10 GW were achieved. At a pulse repetition frequency of 700 pulses per second, the average extreme-ultraviolet power reached 20mW. The output beam also contained a significant contribution from odd harmonics of approximately 0.6% and 0.03% for the 3rd (4.6 nm) and the 5th (2.75 nm) harmonics, respectively. At 2.75 nm the 5th harmonic of the radiation reaches deep into the water window, a wavelength range that is crucially important for the investigation of biological samples.
Date:
December 17, 2007
Creator:
Ackermann, W.; Asova, G.; Ayvazyan, V.; Azima, A.; Baboi, N.; Bahr, J. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wind Resource Development Project for Armenia
Armenia has few proven reserves of natural energy and is dependent on long, unreliable transport lines for oil and gas. Preliminary studies indicate that the wind energy potential in Armenia is more than 500 megawatts (MW), assuming a reasonable fraction of 10% of the land area in the high-wind zones. Over the long term, the Armenian government intends to meet 8%--10% of its electric consumption needs by grid-connected wind turbines. The goals of this project are to enhance Armenia's energy security, mitigate the environmental damage of conventional sources of energy, reduce future carbon dioxide emissions, build an environmentally sound and sustainable model for economic development, and promote trade between the U.S. and Armenia. The project is being funded by the Cafesjian Family Foundation, a private foundation based in the United States in Naples, Florida, with the participation of Ecotrade, Inc. of Glendale, California. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is providing technical assistance. As part of the wind energy development project, the authors conducted a preliminary wind-energy resource assessment for some regions in Armenia. This activity provided valuable information needed to facilitate the commercialization of wind farms in Armenia and to lay the groundwork for subsequent wind resource activities. This …
Date:
August 17, 2000
Creator:
Adamian, S.; Manoukian, L.; Lalayan, A. & Gevorgian, V. (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of Corrosion Products from Static Cell Testing of Al-SNF Forms
Aluminum-based spent nuclear fuel from foreign and domestic research reactors is being consolidated at the Savannah River Site (SRS) for ultimate disposal in the Monitored Geologic Repository. The melt-dilute treatment technology has been developed to consolidate fuel assemblies by a melting/casting process in which depleted uranium is added to reduce enrichment below 20 percent 235-U. The melt-dilute product is essentially a binary uranium-aluminum alloy to which neutron absorber materials may be readily added.
Date:
September 17, 2002
Creator:
Adams, T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Off-Gas System Development for the Melt-Dilute Treatment of Aluminum-Based Spent Nuclear Fuel
This effort will provide a technical basis to assure safe and efficient system operation of the melt-dilute process and have general applicability to off-gas streams.
Date:
September 17, 2002
Creator:
Adams, T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Treatment of Legacy Materials Using the Melt-Dilute Treatment Technology
This paper reviews the candidate legacy materials and addresses adaptation of the melt-dilute technology to treat DOE legacy waste streams.
Date:
September 17, 2002
Creator:
Adams, T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of Oxidation and Hydrogen Permeation of Al Containing Duplex Stainless Steels
As the National Hydrogen Economy continues to develop and evolve the need for structural materials that can resist hydrogen assisted degradation will become critical. To date austenitic stainless steel materials have been shown to be mildly susceptible to hydrogen attack which results in lower mechanical and fracture strengths. As a result, hydrogen permeation barrier coatings are typically applied to these steel to retard hydrogen ingress. The focal point of the reported work was to evaluate the potential for intentional alloying of commercial 300-series stainless steels to promote hydrogen permeation resistant oxide scales. Previous research on the Cr- and Fe-oxide scales inherent to 300-series stainless steels has proven to be inconsistent in effecting permeation resistance. The approach undertaken in this research was to add aluminum to the 300-series stainless steels in an attempt to promote a pure Al-oxide or and Al-rich oxide scale. Aloxide had been previously demonstrated to be an effective hydrogen permeation barrier. Results for 304L and 347H alloys doped with Al in concentration from 0.5-3.0 wt% with respect to oxidation kinetic studies, cyclic oxidation and characterization of the oxide scale chemistry are reported herein. Gaseous hydrogen permeation testing of the Al-doped alloys in both the unoxidized and oxidized …
Date:
June 17, 2005
Creator:
Adams, Thad M.; Korinko, Paul & Duncan, Andrew
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
PRODUCTION WELL PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT USING SONICATION TECHNOLOGY
The objective of this project is to develop a sonic well performance enhancement technology that focuses on near wellbore formations. In order to successfully achieve this objective, a three-year project has been defined with each year consisting of four tasks. The first task is the laboratory-scale study whose goal is to determine the underlying principles of the technology. The second task will develop a scale-up mathematical model to serve as the design guide for tool development. The third task is to develop effective transducers that can operate with variable frequency so that the most effective frequencies can be applied in any given situation. The system, assembled as part of the production string, ensures delivery of sufficient sonic energy to penetrate the near-wellbore formation. The last task is the actual field testing of the tool. The first year of the project has been completed.
Date:
December 17, 2003
Creator:
Adewumi, Michael A.; Ityokumbul, M. Thaddeus; Watson, Robert W.; Farias, Mario; Heckman, Glenn; Olanrewaju, Johnson et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-purity, isotopically enriched bulk silicon
The synthesis and characterization of dislocation-free, undoped, single crystals of Si enriched in all 3 stable isotopes is reported: {sup 28}Si (99.92%), {sup 29}Si (91.37%), and {sup 30}Si (89.8%). A silane-based process compatible with the relatively small amounts of isotopically enriched precursors that are practically available was used. The silane is decomposed to silicon on a graphite starter rod heated to 700-750 C in a recirculating flow reactor. A typical run produces 35 gm of polycrystalline Si at a growth rates of 5 {micro}m/min and conversion efficiency >95%. Single crystals are grown by the floating zone method and characterized by electrical and optical measurements. Concentrations of shallow dopants (P and B) are as low as mid-10{sup 13} cm{sup -3}. Concentrations of C and O lie below 10{sup 16} and 10{sup 15} cm{sup -3}, respectively.
Date:
November 17, 2004
Creator:
Ager, J. W., III; Beeman, J. W.; Hansen, W. L.; Haller, E. E.; Sharp, I. D.; Liao, C. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Sensitivity Low Fluorescence Detection for Beryllium Particulates SBIR Phase I Final Report ER84587
Abstract: The technical objective in Phase I was to enhance the detection limit of beryllium using fluorescence system by a minimum factor of 10. This was to be achieved by modifying the chemistry and instrumentation. Both of these were completed independently. In each case we were able to lower the detection limit as desired. The objectives in Phase II are to adapt these changes for commercial activity (chemicals and instrument changes including automation).
Date:
April 17, 2007
Creator:
Agrawal, Anoop; Tonazzi, Juan Carlos Lopez & Cronin, John
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges
None
Date:
July 17, 2003
Creator:
Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges
None
Date:
March 17, 2006
Creator:
Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Global Security, Medical Isotopes, and Nuclear Science
Over the past century basic nuclear science research has led to the use of radioactive isotopes into a wide variety of applications that touch our lives everyday. Some are obvious, such as isotopes for medical diagnostics and treatment. Others are less so, such as National/Global security issues. And some we take for granted, like the small amount of 241Am that is in every smoke detector. At the beginning of this century, we are in a position where the prevalence and importance of some applications of nuclear science are pushing the basic nuclear science community for improved models and nuclear data. Yet, at the same time, the push by the basic nuclear science community to study nuclei that are farther and farther away from stability also offer new opportunities for many applications. This talk will look at several global security applications of nuclear science, summarizing current R&D and need for improved nuclear data It will also look at how applications of nuclear science, such as to medicine, will benefit from the push for more and more powerful radioactive ion beam facilities.
Date:
September 17, 2007
Creator:
Ahle, L. E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Unsaturated Zone Flow Patterns and Analysis
This Analysis/Model Report (AMR) documents the development of an expected-case model for unsaturated zone (UZ) flow and transport that will be described in terms of the representativeness of models of the natural system. The expected-case model will provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of the natural barriers, assess the impact of conservatism in the Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA), and support the development of further models and analyses for public confidence building. The present models used in ''Total System Performance Assessment for the Site Recommendation'' (Civilian Radioactive Waste Management System Management and Operating Contractor (CRWMS M&O) 2000 [1532461]) underestimate the natural-barrier performance because of conservative assumptions and parameters and do not adequately address uncertainty and alternative models. The development of an expected case model for the UZ natural barrier addresses issues regarding flow-pattern analysis and modeling that had previously been treated conservatively. This is in line with the Repository Safety Strategy (RSS) philosophy of treating conservatively those aspects of the UZ flow and transport system that are not important for achieving regulatory dose (CRWMS M&O 2000 [153246], Section 1.1.1). The development of an expected case model for the UZ also provides defense-in-depth in areas requiring further analysis of uncertainty and …
Date:
October 17, 2001
Creator:
Ahlers, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
InGaP/GaAs/Ge Multi-Junction Solar Cell Efficiency Improvements Using Epitaxial Germanium
None
Date:
October 17, 2000
Creator:
Aiken, Daniel James
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reduction of U(VI) Complexes by Anthraquinone Disulfonate: Experiment and Molecular Modeling
Past studies demonstrate that complexation will limit abiotic and biotic U(VI) reduction rates and the overall extent of reduction. However, the underlying basis for this behavior is not understood and presently unpredictable across species and ligand structure. The central tenets of these investigations are: (1) reduction of U(VI) follows the electron-transfer (ET) mechanism developed by Marcus; (2) the ET rate is the rate-limiting step in U(VI) reduction and is the step that is most affected by complexation; and (3) Marcus theory can be used to unify the apparently disparate U(VI) reduction rate data and as a computational tool to construct a predictive relationship.
Date:
March 17, 2004
Creator:
Ainsworth, C. C.; Wang, Z.; Rosso, K. M.; Wagnon, K. & Fredrickson, J. K.
Object Type:
Presentation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Evolution of Swift/BAT blazars and the origin of the MeV background
We use 3 years of data from the Swift/BAT survey to select a complete sample of X-ray blazars above 15 keV. This sample comprises 26 Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs) and 12 BL Lac objects detected over a redshift range of 0.03 < z < 4.0. We use this sample to determine, for the first time in the 15-55 keV band, the evolution of blazars. We find that, contrary to the Seyfert-like AGNs detected by BAT, the population of blazars shows strong positive evolution. This evolution is comparable to the evolution of luminous optical QSOs and luminous X-ray selected AGNs. We also find evidence for an epoch-dependence of the evolution as determined previously for radio-quiet AGNs. We interpret both these findings as a strong link between accretion and jet activity. In our sample, the FSRQs evolve strongly, while our best-fit shows that BL Lacs might not evolve at all. The blazar population accounts for 10-20% (depending on the evolution of the BL Lacs) of the Cosmic X-ray background (CXB) in the 15-55 keV band. We find that FSRQs can explain the entire CXB emission for energies above 500 keV solving the mystery of the generation of the MeV background. The evolution …
Date:
October 17, 2009
Creator:
Ajello, M.; /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Costamante, L.; /Stanford U., HEPL /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Sambruna, R.M.; Gehrels, N. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Surface roughness effects on the solar reflectance of cool asphalt shingles
We analyze the solar reflectance of asphalt roofing shingles that are covered with pigmented mineral roofing granules. The reflecting surface is rough, with a total area approximately twice the nominal area. We introduce a simple analytical model that relates the 'micro-reflectance' of a small surface region to the 'macro-reflectance' of the shingle. This model uses a mean field approximation to account for multiple scattering effects. The model is then used to compute the reflectance of shingles with a mixture of different colored granules, when the reflectances of the corresponding mono-color shingles are known. Simple linear averaging works well, with small corrections to linear averaging derived for highly reflective materials. Reflective base granules and reflective surface coatings aid achievement of high solar reflectance. Other factors that influence the solar reflectance are the size distribution of the granules, coverage of the asphalt substrate, and orientation of the granules as affected by rollers during fabrication.
Date:
February 17, 2008
Creator:
Akbari, Hashem; Berdahl, Paul; Akbari, Hashem; Jacobs, Jeffry & Klink, Frank
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library