This document will explain the process to create a web interface for the accounting information generated by the High Performance Storage Systems (HPSS) accounting report feature. The accounting report contains useful data but it is not easily accessed in a meaningful way. The accounting report is the only way to see summarized storage usage information. The first step is to take the accounting data, make it meaningful and store the modified data in persistent databases. The second step is to generate the various user interfaces, HTML pages, that will be used to access the data. The third step is to transfer all required files to the web server. The web pages pass parameters to Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts that generate dynamic web pages and graphs. The end result is a web page with specific information presented in text with or without graphs. The accounting report has a specific format that allows the use of regular expressions to verify if a line is storage data. Each storage data line is stored in a detailed database file with a name that includes the run date. The detailed database is used to create a summarized database file that also uses run date …

We performed Monte Carlo calculations of the neutron and gamma ray spectra and neutron and gamma dose rates outside the shielding of the UF{sub 6} mass flowmeter. The UF{sub 6} mass flowmeter and the UF{sub 6} mass flowmeter are the two main components of the Blend Down Monitoring System (BDMS) equipment. The BDMS equipment is designed to continuously monitor the UF{sub 6} enrichment and mass flow rates in processing pipes at uranium facilities. The UF{sub 6} mass flowmeter incorporates four {sup 252}Cf neutron sources, surrounded by a polyethylene shielding block. The uranium fission products generated by the {sup 252}Cf neutrons are detected down the pipe, thus confirming the UF{sub 6} mass flow rate. The dose calculations used both U.S. and Russian gamma and neutron fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients. The purpose of these calculations was to facilitate proper interpretation of the neutron dose rate measurements from rem meters (e.g., rem balls) outside of BDMS shielding. An accurate determination of the dose rate is particular interest in that it enables dose rates to be compared with the applicable regulatory limit. The calculations show that neutrons outside of BDMS shielding are significantly reduced in energy, i.e., the spectrum is shifted (i.e., moderated) towards lower …

The High Average Power Laser Program (HAPL) is a multi-institutional, coordinated effort to develop a high-energy, repetitively pulsed laser system for Inertial Fusion Energy and other DOE and DOD applications. This program is building a laser-fusion energy base to complement the laser-fusion science developed by DOE Defense programs over the past 25 years. The primary institutions responsible for overseeing and coordinating the research activities are the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and LLNL. The current LLNL proposal is a companion proposal to that submitted by NRL, for which the driver development element is focused on the krypton fluoride excimer laser option. Aside from the driver development aspect, the NRL and LLNL companion proposals pursue complementary activities with the associated rep-rated laser technologies relating to target fabrication, target injection, final optics, fusion chamber, materials and power plant economics. This report requests continued funding in FY02 to support LLNL in its program to build a 1kW, 100J, diode-pumped, crystalline laser. In addition, research in high gain laser target design, fusion chamber issues and survivability of the final optic element will be pursued. These technologies are crucial to the feasibility of inertial fusion energy power plants and also have relevance in rep-rated stewardship experiments.

The methods and codes employed in the U.S. Heavy Ion Fusion program to simulate the beams in an Integrated Research Experiments (IRE) facility and a fusion driver are presented in overview. A new family of models incorporating accelerating module impedance, multi-beam, and self-magnetic effects is described, and initial WARP3d particle simulations of beams using these models are presented. Finally, plans for streamlining the machine-design simulation sequence, and for simulating beam dynamics from the source to the target in a consistent and comprehensive manner, are described.

WET-ETCH FIGURING (WEF) is an automated method of precisely figuring optical materials by the controlled application of aqueous etchant solution. This technology uses surface-tension-gradient-driven flow to confine and stabilize a wetted zone of an etchant solution or other aqueous processing fluid on the surface of an object. This wetted zone can be translated on the surface in a computer-controlled fashion for precise spatial control of the surface reactions occurring (e.g. chemical etching). WEF is particularly suitable for figuring very thin optical materials because it applies no thermal or mechanical stress to the material. Also, because the process is stress-free the workpiece can be monitored during figuring using interferometric metrology, and the measurements obtained can be used to control the figuring process in real-time--something that cannot be done with traditional figuring methods.

The EIGER (Electromagnetic Interactions Generalized) modeling suite is a joint development activity by the Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Sandia National Labs, the University of Houston, and the Navy (Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center-San Diego). The effort endeavors to bring the next generation of hybrid, higher-order, full-wave analysis methods into a single integrated framework. The tools are based upon frequency-domain solutions of Maxwell's equations to model scattering and radiation from complex 2D and 3D structures. The framework employs boundary element solutions of integral equation formulations and finite element solutions of the Helmholtz wave equation. A goal is to use higher-order representations to model both the geometry (using higher-order geometric elements) and numerical methods (using higher-order vector basis functions). In addition, a variety of advanced Green's functions and symmetry operators can be applied to efficiently treat geometries containing such features as layered material regions and periodic structures. Each of these methods can be brought to bear simultaneously, on different portions of a complex structure. HPC implementation issues were addressed during the design of the software architecture, so that the same package runs on platforms ranging from serial desktop workstations through advanced HPC architectures. Our current efforts on higher-order modeling and improved …

SSPX (Sustained Spheromak Physics eXperiment) was constructed to investigate the key physics issues of buildup and sustainment of spheromak plasmas with elevated electron temperature. Long pulse buildup to high magnetic field and temperature, at modest gun current, may point the way to a potentially simpler and more compact fusion reactor. Reported here are T{sub e} measurements in new magnetic flux geometries, results from sustainment experiments with {approx}1ms pulses, and power balance modeling of buildup. The experiment uses coaxial gun injection. Tungsten coated walls reduce plasma impurities. The magnet coil set has been upgraded from 3 (base set) to 9 coils (bias coils) to control the vacuum magnetic flux geometry within the gun and flux conserver (a=l=0.5 m). SSPX is powered by a formation bank (0.5 MJ, {tau}{sub rise}{approx}0.15 ms) and a sustainment bank (1.5 MJ, {tau}{sub p}{approx}1 ms). Radiated power <20% of input power and the burn-out of low Z impurities (C, N, and O{sup +Z{le}5}) have been achieved using bakeout, wall conditioning, and titanium gettering. These techniques have produced long decay time plasmas and electron temperature > 100 eV.

The INCCA (Integrated Climate and Carbon) initiative will develop and apply the ability to simulate the fate and climate impact of fossil fuel-derived carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) and aerosols on a global scale. Coupled climate and carbon cycle modeling like that proposed for INCCA is required to understand and predict the future environmental impacts of fossil fuel burning. At present, atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations are prescribed, not simulated, in large climate models. Credible simulations of the entire climate system, however, need to predict time-evolving atmospheric greenhouse forcing using anthropogenic emissions as the fundamental input. Predicting atmospheric COS concentrations represents a substantial scientific advance because there are large natural sources and sinks of carbon that are likely to change as a result of climate change. Both terrestrial (e.g., vegetation on land) and oceanic components of the carbon cycle are known to be sensitive to climate change. Estimates of the amount of man-made CO{sub 2} that will accumulate in the atmosphere depend on understanding the carbon cycle. For this reason, models that use CO{sub 2} emissions, not prescribed atmospheric concentrations, as fundamental inputs are required to directly address greenhouse-related questions of interest to policymakers. INCCA is uniquely positioned to make rapid progress …

A gap-free, world-wide, ocean-, atmosphere-, and land surface-spanning geophysical data-set of three decades time-duration containing the full set of geophysical parameters characterizing global weather is the scientific perquisite for defining the climate; the generally-accepted definition in the meteorological community is that climate is the 30-year running-average of weather. Until such a tridecadal climate base line exists, climate change discussions inevitably will have a semi-speculative, vs. a purely scientific, character, as the baseline against which changes are referenced will be at least somewhat uncertain. The contemporary technology base provides ways-and-means for commencing the development of such a meteorological measurement-intensive climate baseline, moreover with a program budget far less than the {approx}$2.5 B/year which the US. currently spends on ''global change'' studies. In particular, the recent advent of satellite-based global telephony enables real-time control of, and data-return from, instrument packages of very modest scale, and Silicon Revolution-based sensor, data-processing and -storage advances permit 'intelligent' data-gathering payloads to be created with 10 gram-scale mass budgets. A geophysical measurement system implemented in such modern technology is a populous constellation 03 long-lived, highly-miniaturized robotic weather stations deployed throughout the weather-generating portions of the Earths atmosphere, throughout its oceans and across its land surfaces. Leveraging the …

Experimental investigations on the conditions to achieve transient gain in neon-like Ti and nickel-like molybdenum XUV laser pumped by a 10-HZ sub-Joule femtosecond laser are presented. The 4d-4p (J = 0-1) {lambda} = 18.9 nm and 4f-4d (J = 1-11) {lambda} = 22.6 nm lines in Ni-like Mo as well as the 3p-3s (J = 0-1) {lambda} = 32.6 nm line in neon-like titanium have been observed. The Ni-like laser lines show a threshold behavior with respect to the pump irradiance as they appear only above 10{sup 15} W/cm{sup 2}. Simulation for the fs-laser pumped Ni-like Mo XUV laser are also presented.

This paper focuses on the channeling of energy from electronic to nuclear degrees of freedom in electron-polyatomic molecule collisions. We examine the feasibility of attacking the full scattering problem, both the fixed-nuclei electronic problem and the post-collision nuclear dynamics, entirely from first principles. The electron-CO{sub 2} system is presented as an example. We study resonant vibrational excitation, showing how a6 initio, fixed-nuclei electronic cross sections can provide the necessary input for a multi-dimensional treatment of the nuclear vibrational dynamics.

A four-chamber piston pump has been tested in several evolving configurations. A significant improvement over an earlier hyadrazine pump is the elimination of warm gas leakage in the powerhead. This has been achieved through the used of soft seals for the power piston and intake-exhaust valves, with gas temperatures approaching 800 K (980 F). The pumped fluid serves as a coolant, and the cylinder walls and heads are made of aluminum for high thermal conductivity, low mass, and affordability.

X-ray photoemission and x-ray photoabsorption were used to study the composition and the electronic structure of ytterbium doped strontium fluoroapatite (Yb:S-FAP). High resolution photoemission measurements on the valence band electronic structure was used to evaluate the density of occupied states of this fluoroapatite. Element specific density of unoccupied electronic states in Yb:S-FAP were probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Yb 4d (N{sub 4,5}-edge), Sr 3d (M{sub 4,5}-edge), P 2p (L{sub 2,3}-edge), F 1s and O 1s (K-edges) absorption edges. These results provide the first measurements of the electronic structure and surface chemistry of this material.

This report by the SIOP observes the effects of recent hardware and software changes for parallel I/O performance to the GPFS parallel file system. The IBM SP machine (frost) has been upgraded from Mohonk with GPFS 1.3 to Mohonk2 with GPFS 1.4. In addition, the Colony switch adapters have been upgraded from Single/Single to Double/Single. The tests discussed here were performed on frost using 60 compute nodes and the GPFS file system using 2 dedicated I/O nodes (servers). The tests performed utilize the POSIX and MPI-IO interfaces to GPFS. The noted system changes to frost have improved both POSIX and MPI-IO peak read performance and have not diminished peak write performance. We note that as the bandwidth of mounted disks is near fully utilized, there was no expectation of significant performance improvement. For POSIX, the best write rates did not change from 550 MB/sec. The read rates improved from 500 MB/sec to 600 MB/sec, however. For MPI-IO, the best write rates did not change from 550 MB/sec. The read rates improved from 470 MB/sec to 570 MB/sec, in line with the improvements observed. The MPI-IO discontiguous test results show that improvement is significant (nearly a factor of 2 beyond 40 …

A detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism is developed to describe incineration of the chemical warfare nerve agent sarin (GB), based on commonly used principles of bond additivity and hierarchical reaction mechanisms. The mechanism is based on previous kinetic models of organophosphorus compounds such as TMP, DMMP and DIMP that are often used as surrogates to predict incineration of GB. Kinetic models of the three surrogates and GB are then used to predict their consumption in a perfectly stirred reactor fueled by natural gas to simulate incineration of these chemicals. Computed results indicate that DIMP is the only one of these surrogates that adequately describes combustion of GB under comparable conditions. The kinetic pathways responsible for these differences in reactivity are identified and discussed. The most important reaction in GB and DIMP that makes them more reactive than TMP or DMMP is found to be a six-center molecular elimination reaction producing propene.

The non-destructive determination of isotope ratios (NDA) present in plutonium- and uranium-bearing materials is best accomplished with a MultiGroup Analysis methodology on spectral data obtained with high-resolution germanium detector systems. This methodology is currently employed in codes such as MGA, MGAU or U235. The MGA code, for example, works well on Pu samples and employs a number of isolated spectral lines in the analysis. The algorithm uses Gaussian and Lorentzian peak shapes that are empirically modified to account for various physical and instrumental effects. Additional effects due to external absorbers, sample self-attenuation and detector relative efficiency are also included. Uranium samples are analyzed with MGAU and U235 using a simpler but similar algorithm in the narrow energy range between 85- and 100-keV. Although the details can be complex, the problem described above is ultimately reduced to evaluating a simple ratio. Applied to uranium, for example, one evaluates where the subscripts A and B refer to quantities associated with {sup 235}U and {sup 238}U, respectively. Specifically, N{sub 235U}/N{sub 238U} is the isotope ratio {sup 235}U/{sup 238}U, I is the measured gamma-ray peak intensity, and E is the counting efficiency, BR is the appropriate branching ratio, t is the appropriate half-life, {alpha}{sup …

We discuss concurrent multiscale simulations of dynamic and temperature-dependent processes found in nanomechanical systems coupled to larger scale surroundings. We focus on the behavior of sub-micron Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), especially micro-resonators. The coupling of length scales methodology we have developed for MEMS employs an atomistic description of small but key regions of the system, consisting of millions of atoms, coupled concurrently to a finite element model of the periphery. The result is a model that accurately describes the behavior of the mechanical components of MEMS down to the atomic scale. This paper reviews some of the general issues involved in concurrent multiscale simulation, extends the methodology to metallic systems and describes how it has been used to identify atomistic effects in sub-micron resonators.

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a 1.5 to 15 {angstrom}-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL), currently proposed for the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The photon output consists of high brightness, transversely coherent pulses with duration < 300 fs, together with a broad spontaneous spectrum with total power comparable to the coherent output. The output fluence, and pulse duration, pose special challenges for optical component and diagnostic designs. We discuss some of the proposed solutions, and give specific examples related to the planned initial experiments.

Numerical modeling of air flow and pollutant dispersion around buildings in the urban environment is a challenging task due to the geometrical variations of buildings and the extremely complex flow created by such surface-mounted obstacles. Building-scale air flows inevitably involve flow impingement, stagnation, separation, a multiple vortex system, and jetting effects in street canyons. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) have developed two complementary, robust computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, FEM3MP by LLNL and HIGRAD by LANL, for such purposes. Our primary goal is to support emergency response planning, vulnerability analysis, and development of mitigation strategies for chem-bio agents released in the urban environment. Model validation is vitally important in establishing the credibility of CFD models. We have, in the past, performed model validation studies involving simpler geometries, such as flow and dispersion past a cubical building [1] and flow around a 2-D building array [2]. In this study, wind tunnel data for a 7 x 11 array of cubical buildings [3] are used to further validate our models.

We continue consideration of ways-and-means for creating, in an evolutionary, ever-more-powerful manner, a continually-updated data-base of salient atmospheric properties sufficient for finite differenced integration-based, high-fidelity weather prediction over intervals of 2-3 weeks, leveraging the 10{sup 14} FLOPS digital computing systems now coming into existence. A constellation comprised of 10{sup 6}-10{sup 9} small atmospheric sampling systems--high-tech superpressure balloons carrying early 21st century semiconductor devices, drifting with the local winds over the meteorological spectrum of pressure-altitudes--that assays all portions of the troposphere and lower stratosphere remains the central feature of the proposed system. We suggest that these devices should be active-signaling, rather than passive-transponding, as we had previously proposed only for the ground- and aquatic-situated sensors of this system. Instead of periodic interrogation of the intra-atmospheric transponder population by a constellation of sophisticated small satellites in low Earth orbit, we now propose to retrieve information from the instrumented balloon constellation by existing satellite telephony systems, acting as cellular tower-nodes in a global cellular telephony system whose ''user-set'' is the atmospheric-sampling and surface-level monitoring constellations. We thereby leverage the huge investment in cellular (satellite) telephony and GPS technologies, with large technical and economic gains. This proposal minimizes sponsor forward commitment along its entire …

A scraper scan - sending a scraper through a particle beam while measuring the intensity as a function of scraper position - is a common method of determining the profile of the beam. At first glance, this seems to be a rather simple procedure. Nevertheless, some care is required in the acquisition of the data and in the analysis if one is going to achieve an accurate result.

Blank parole data survey containing a series of questions related to the parole population in a particular location, with instructions for filling out the survey.

Blank probation data survey containing a series of questions related to the probationary population in a particular location, with instructions for filling out the survey.

This user's guide describes Visual Sample Plan (VSP) Version 1.0 and provides instructions for using the software. VSP selects the appropriate number and location of environmental samples to ensure that the results of statistical tests performed to provide input to environmental decisions have the required confidence and performance. VSP Version 1.0 provides sample-size equations or algorithms needed by specific statistical tests appropriate for specific environmental sampling objectives. The easy-to-use program is highly visual and graphic. VSP runs on personal computers with Microsoft Windows operating systems (95, 98, Millenium Edition, 2000, and Windows NT). Designed primarily for project managers and users without expertise in statistics, VSP is applicable to any two-dimensional geographical population to be sampled (e.g., surface soil, a defined layer of subsurface soil, building surfaces, water bodies, and other similar applications) for studies of environmental quality.