Gas electron multipliers (GEMS) have been made by a deep X-ray lithography technique (LIGA process) using synchrotron radiation on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and by UV processes using a UV etchable glass. Gain, stability and rate capability for these detectors are described.The LIGA detectors described consist of PMMA sheets of various thicknesses, 125mm to 350mm, and have 150mm x 150mm square holes spaced with a pitch of 300mm. Thin copper electrodes are plated on the top and bottom surfaces using a Damascene method, followed by electroless plating of the copper onto a palladium-tin base layer. For various thicknesses of PMMA measurements have been made of absolute gain vs. voltage, time stability of gain, and rate capability. The operating gas mixture was usually Ar/CO2 (70/30) gas, but some tests were also done using P10 gas. We also made GEM-like detectors using the UV etchable glass called Foturan, patterned by exposure to UV light and subsequent etching. A few measurements using these detectors will be reported, including avalanche gain and time stability.

Because plasma production at vacuum cathode spots is approximately proportional to the arc current, arc current modulation can be used to generate ion current modulation that can be detected far from the spot using a negatively biased ion collector. The drift time to the ion detector can used to determine kinetic ion energies. A very wide range of cathode materials have been used. It has been found that the kinetic ion energy is higher at the beginning of each discharge and approximately constant after 150 {micro}s. The kinetic energy is correlated with the arc voltage and the cohesive energy of the cathode material. The ion erosion rate has in inverse relation to the cohesive energy, enhancing the effect that the power input per plasma particle correlates with the cohesive energy of the cathode material. The influence of three magnetic field configurations on the kinetic energy has been investigated. Generally, a magnetic field increases the plasma impedance, arc burning voltage, and kinetic ion energy. However, if the plasma is produced in a region of low field strength and streaming into a region of higher field strength, the velocity may decrease due to the mirror effect. A magnetic field can increase the …

None

We construct renormalizable, asymptotically free, four dimensional gauge theories that dynamically generate a fifth dimension.

We have been pursuing the spectroscopic properties of actinide ions in silicate matrices. One facet of these studies involves the behavior of Stokes and anti-Stokes emissions exhibited by Am'' in these hosts. Several attributes have been found to influence the spectral profile, which include excitation wavelength, laser power, and dopant-concentration. Excitation with the 514.5 nm (19435 cm{sup -1}) line of argon laser provides anti-Stokes emissions at 21100 and -19920 cm{sup -1} in the boro-silicate matrices. This up-conversion was found to proceed through a multi-photon scheme, and its' efficiency increases with increased dopant concentration. Based on our concentration-dependent studies, the up-conversion is suggested to involve a cross-relaxation process [({sup 5}D{sub 1}, {sup 7}F{sub 0}{sup 7}F{sub 6}, {sup 7}F{sub 2})] between neighboring americium ions.

Raman spectroscopy has been employed to follow the phase behavior of Cm-Zr oxide materials as a function of Cm:Zr ratio. Three different structural phases, monoclinic, cubic and pyrochlore, are formed when the Cm:Zr ratio is varied from >0 to 1. Each phase produces a distinct Raman profile in the 100-700 cm{sup -1} spectral region. Up to 10 atom % Cm, the Raman spectra indicate that the monoclinic structure is dominant. Raman bands corresponding to the monoclinic phase are absent in samples containing 20 - 40 atom % Cm. Concomitantly, a band at -600 cm' broadens and increases in intensity with increasing curium content, indicating that the cubic phase is dominant in this concentration range. The pyrochlore oxide structure, which forms at 50 atom % Cm, generates three Raman bands (the center of mass are at 283, 387,495 cm-') out of six bands predicted by nuclear site group analyses. The strongest of these is at 283 cm-', and corresponds to the O-Cm-O bending mode. Details of these studies will be compared and discussed with data obtained for comparable systems containing selected analogous 4f-elements.

Generation of muon beams with protons on a current-carrying target followed by a lithium lens and a quadrupole decay channel is considered. A 8 GeV proton beam from the Fermilab Booster is used to provide a muon beam for the MUCOOL experiment for ionization cooling demonstration. The proposed scheme can also be used to create muon beams with a fraction of a 1 GeV proton beam of the Spallation Neutron Source. Monte Carlo simulations of the entire system are performed. For both cases optimization of the target and matching lithium lens is done. It is shown that such a set followed by an inexpensive decay channel based on quadrupole magnets with and without RF cavities provides a rather intense bunched muon beam.

We discuss the no-core shell model approach, an ab initio method with effective Hamiltonians derived from realistic nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials as a function of the finite harmonic-oscillator (HO) basis space. We present results for three and four nucleon systems in model spaces that include up to 50{Dirac_h}{Omega} and 18{bar h}{Omega} HO excitations, respectively. For these light systems we are in agreement with results obtained by other exact methods. Also, we calculate the properties of {sup 6}Li and {sup 6}He in model spaces up to 10{Dirac_h}{Omega}, and of {sup 12}C for model spaces up to 6{Dirac_h}{Omega}.

Excellent progress has been made in the operation of the BNL Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS), which is a prototype for an EBIS that could meet requirements for a RHIC preinjector. We have achieved very stable operation of the electron beam at 10 A through the EBIS trap. Ion injection of low charge gold ions from a LEVA [1] ion source and subsequent extraction of these ions with most probable charge state AU{sup 34+} has been demonstrated with electron beams up to 8A. The total ion charge for gold measured on current transformer at the EBIS exit was 55nC after a 30ms confinement period. This corresponds to {approx}85% of the theoretical ion trap capacity and exceeds our goal of 50% neutralization. The collected ion charge is proportional to the electron current and the gold charge state scales with the electron current density. Details of the EBIS configuration, total charge measurements, and TOF spectra are given.

This report describes a multi-plane drift chamber that was designed and constructed to function as a topological detector for the BNL AGSE896 rare particle experiment. The chamber was optimized for good spatial resolution, two track separation, and a high uniform efficiency while operating in a 1.6 Tesla magnetic field and subjected to long term exposure from a 11.6 GeV/nucleon beam of 10**6 Au ions per second.

A newly designed multi-crystal X-ray spectrometer and its applications in the fields of X-ray fluorescence and X-ray Raman spectroscopy are described. The instrument is based on 8 spherically curved Si crystals, each with a 3.5 inch diameter form bent to a radius of 86 cm. The crystals are individually aligned in the Rowland geometry capturing a total solid angle of 0.07 sr. The array is arranged in a way that energy scans can be performed by moving the whole instrument, rather than scanning each crystal by itself. At angles close to back scattering the energy resolution is between 0.3 and 1 eV depending on the beam dimensions at the sample. The instrument is mainly designed for X-ray absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of transition metals in dilute systems such as metalloproteins. First results of the Mn K{beta} (3p -> 1s) emission in photosystem II are shown. An independent application of the instrument is the technique of X-ray Raman spectroscopy which can address problems similar to those in traditional soft X-ray absorption spectroscopies, and initial results are presented.

This report includes information regarding intelligence issues for Congress. Recent developments, background and analysis, and selected 106th Congress legislation are among topics discussed in this report.

This report presents Origins, Deadlines, Requirements, and Uses of BiIIs, Resolutions, Nominations, and Treaties related to Congress.

This report provides information about the Stages of Action on Measures on Committee of the Whole.

Many Members have in recent years expressed dissatisfaction with the way the House arranges its work schedule. The chief complaints appear to be that existing practices make inefficient use of time and do not allow predictability, generating persistent scheduling conflicts and other time pressures. This report discusses how four types of House schedule that have been practiced or proposed during the past decade address these areas of dissatisfaction.

In 1993, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the Automotive Composites Consortium (ACC) to conduct research and development that would overcome technological hurdles to the adhesive bonding of current and future automotive materials. This effort is part of a larger Department of Energy (DOE) program to promote the use of lighter weight materials in automotive structures for the purpose of increasing fuel efficiency and reducing environmental pollutant emissions. In accomplishing this mission, the bonding of similar and dissimilar materials was identified as being of primary importance to the automotive industry since this enabling technology would give designers the freedom to choose from an expanded menu of low mass materials for component weight reduction. The research undertaken under this CRADA addresses the following areas of importance: bulk material characterization, structural fracture mechanics, modeling/characterization, process control and nondestructive evaluation (PC/NDE), manufacturing demonstration, and advanced processing. For the bulk material characterization task, the individual material properties of the adherends and adhesives were characterized. This included generating a database of mechanical and physical properties, after identifying and developing standard test methods to obtain properties. The structural fracture mechanics task concentrated on test development to …

The RIKEN-BNL Research Center workshop on ''Future Transversity Measurements'' was held at BNL from September 18-20, 2000. The main goal of the workshop was to explore future measurements of transversity distributions. This issue is of importance to the RHIC experiments, which will study polarized proton-proton collisions with great precision. One of the workshop's goals was to enhance interactions between the DIS community at HERA and the spin community at RHIC in this field. The workshop has been well received by the participants; the number of 69 registered participants demonstrates broad interest in the workshop's topics. The program contained 35 talks and there was ample time for lively discussions. The program covered all recent work in the field and in addition some very elucidating educational talks were given. At the workshop the present status of the field was discussed and it has succeeded in stimulating new experimental and theoretical studies (e.g. model calculations for interference fragmentation functions (IFF), IFF analysis at DELPHI). It also functioned to focus attention on the open questions that need to be resolved for near future experiments. In general, the conclusions were optimistic, i.e. measuring the transversity functions seems to be possible, although some new experimental hurdles …

None

The purpose of this document as stated in the ''Technical Work Plan for Subsurface Design Section FY 01 Work Activities'' (CRWMS M&O 2001a, pg. 14) is to review and evaluate the most current concepts for shaft siting and configuration. The locations of the shaft sites will be evaluated in reference to the overall subsurface ventilation layout shown in Figure 1. The scope will include discussions on pad size requirements, shaft construction components such as collars, shaft stations, sumps, ground support and linings, head frames, fan ducting and facility equipping. In addition to these, shaft excavation methodologies and integration with the overall subsurface construction schedule will be described. The Technical Work Plan (TWP), (CRWMS M&O 2001a), for this document has been prepared in accordance with AP-2.21Q, ''Quality Determinations and Planning for Scientific, Engineering and Regulatory Compliance Activities''. This document will be prepared in accordance with AP-3.10Q, ''Analysis and Models''. This document contributes to Site Recommendation (SR). The intended use of this document is to provide an analysis for shaft siting and configuration criteria for subsequent construction. This document identifies preliminary design concepts that should not be used for procurement, fabrication, or construction.

A fact sheet about the technology used for producing transportation fuel from biomass and the Department of Energy's efforts to commercialize that technology.

The subject milestone was completed on March 1st. This milestone signifies the completion the mechanical installation and assembly of PuCTF in room 1345 in the LLNT Plutonium Facility. This installation included equipment both in room 1345 and in the loft, As reported in the last milestone, ''LLNL Pu Facility space prepared for installation of PUCTF'', milestone 6.2.2/Fy00/c, steel plates had been installed on the floor to support the PuCTF glovebox and equipment. The steel plate system was a substantial help in completing the mechanical installation reported here. The glovebox sections were brought into the room and attached together. Temporary seismic tie-down straps were used to brace the assembly. This temporary tie-down also provided Flexibility for alignment and adjustment. The internal equipment, (attritors, granulator, press feed shoe and die set, furnace, robot and powder transport system) were subsequently installed. The glovebox was then welded to the steel plates for permanent seismic anchoring. The control racks were attached to the floor and are ready for wiring and the press hydraulic power unit has been installed in the loft.

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is an isotope-ratio measurement technique developed in the late 1970s for tracing long-lived radioisotopes (e.g., {sup 14}C half life = 5760 y). The technique counts individual nuclei rather than waiting for their radioactive decay, allowing measurement of more than 100 low-level {sup 14}C samples per day (Vogel et al, 1995). The LLNL AMS system is shown in Fig.1. The contemporary quantity of {sup 14}C in living things ({sup 14}C/C = 1.2 x 10{sup -12} or 110 fmol {sup 14}C/ g C) is highly elevated compared to the quantity of {sup 14}C in petroleum-derived products. This isotopic elevation is sufficient to trace the fate of bio-derived fuel components in the emissions of an engine without the use of radioactive materials. If synthesis of a fuel component from biologically-derived source material is not feasible, another approach is to purchase {sup 14}C-labeled material (e.g., dibutyl maleate (DBM)) and dilute it with petroleum-derived material to yield a contemporary level of {sup 14}C. In each case, the virtual absence of {sup 14}C in petroleum based fuels gives a very low {sup 14}C background that makes this approach to tracing fuel components practical. Regulatory pressure to significantly reduce the particulate emissions from …

Calculations for reactivity held in control rods have underpredicted the observed Mark 22 reactivity. Reactivity predictions by charge designers have accounted for this by including large biases which change with exposure and reactor region. The purpose of this study was to thoroughly investigate the methods and data used in the reactivity calculations. The goal was to identify errors and improvements and make necessary corrections.

First results of gyrokinetic analysis of JET [Joint European Torus] ELMy [Edge Localized Modes] H-mode [high-confinement modes] plasmas are presented. ELMy H-mode plasmas form the basis of conservative performance predictions for tokamak reactors of the size of ITER [International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor]. Relatively high performance for long duration has been achieved and the scaling appears to be favorable. It will be necessary to sustain low Z(subscript eff) and high density for high fusion yield. This paper studies the degradation in confinement and increase in the anomalous heat transport observed in two JET plasmas: one with an intense gas puff and the other with a spontaneous transition between Type I to III ELMs at the heating power threshold. Linear gyrokinetic analysis gives the growth rate, gamma(subscript lin) of the fastest growing modes. The flow-shearing rate omega(subscript ExB) and gamma(subscript lin) are large near the top of the pedestal. Their ratio decreases approximately when the confinement degrades and the transport increases. This suggests that tokamak reactors may require intense toroidal or poloidal torque input to maintain sufficiently high |gamma(subscript ExB)|/gamma(subscript lin) near the top of the pedestal for high confinement.