Fourier transform spectrometers developed in three distinct spectral regions in the early 1960s. Pierre Connes and his coworkers in France developed remarkably sophisticated step-scan interferometers that permitted near-infrared spectra to be measured with a resolution of better than 0.0 1 cm{sup {minus}1}. These instruments may be considered the forerunners of the step-scan interferometers made by Bruker, Bio-Rad (Cambridge, MA, USA) and Nicolet although their principal application was in the field of astronomy. Low-resolution rapid-scanning interferometers were developed by Larry Mertz and his colleagues at Block Engineering (Cambridge, MA, USA) for remote sensing. Nonetheless, the FT-IR spectrometers that are so prevalent in chemical laboratories today are direct descendants of these instruments. The interferometers that were developed for far-infrared spectrometry in Gebbie's laboratory ,have had no commercial counterparts for at least 15 years. However, it could be argued that these instruments did as much to demonstrate the power of Fourier transform spectroscopy to the chemical community as any of the instruments developed for mid- and near-infrared spectrometry. Their performance was every bit as good as today's rapid-scanning interferometers. However, the market for these instruments is so small today that it has proved more lucrative to modify rapid-scanning interferometers that were originally designed …

Although intensely colored, even the largest colloidal gold particles are not, on their own, sufficiently colored for routine use as a light microscopy stain: only with very abundant antigens or with specialized illumination methods can bound gold be seen. Colloidal gold probes were developed primarily as markers for electron microscopy, for which their very high electron density and selectivity for narrow size distributions when prepared in different ways rendered them highly suited. The widespread use of gold labeling for light microscopy was made possible by the introduction of autometallographic enhancement methods. In these processes, the bound gold particles are exposed to a solution containing metal ions and a reducing agent; they catalyze the reduction of the ions, resulting in the deposition of additional metal selectively onto the particles. On the molecular level, the gold particles are enlarged up to 30-100 nm in diameter; on the macroscale level, this results in the formation of a dark stain in regions containing bound gold particles, greatly increasing visibility and contrast. The applications of colloidal gold have been described elsewhere in this chapter, we will focus on the use of covalently linked cluster complexes of gold and other metals. A gold cluster complex is …

This brochure talks about Renewable Energy development in China. Advancing world energy security by helping China develop more diversified energy resources and mitigating environmental damage through deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency measures.

NREL's Center for Basic Sciences performs fundamental research for DOE's Office of Science. Our mission is to provide fundamental knowledge in the basic sciences and engineering that will underpin new and improved renewable energy technologies.

The Kansas Consumer's Guide for Small Wind Electric Systems provides consumers with enough information to help them determine if a small wind electric system can provide all or a portion of the energy they need for their home or business based on their wind resource, energy needs, and their economics. Topics discussed in the guide include: how to make your home more energy efficient, how to choose the right size turbine, the parts of a wind electric system, determining if there is enough wind resource on your site, choosing the best site for your turbine, connecting your system to the utility grid, and if it's possible to become independent of the utility grid using wind energy. In addition, the cover of the guide contains a list of state incentives and state contacts for more information.

The New Mexico Consumer's Guide for Small Wind Electric Systems provides consumers with enough information to help them determine if a small wind electric system can provide all or a portion of the energy they need for their home or business based on their wind resource, energy needs, and their economics. Topics discussed in the guide include: how to make your home more energy efficient, how to choose the right size turbine, the parts of a wind electric system, determining if there is enough wind resource on your site, choosing the best site for your turbine, connecting your system to the utility grid, and if it's possible to become independent of the utility grid using wind energy. In addition, the cover of the guide contains a state wind resource map and a list of state incentives and state contacts for more information.

The South Dakota Consumer's Guide for Small Wind Electric Systems provides consumers with enough information to help them determine if a small wind electric system can provide all or a portion of the energy they need for their home or business based on their wind resource, energy needs, and their economics. Topics discussed in the guide include: how to make your home more energy efficient, how to choose the right size turbine, the parts of a wind electric system, determining if there is enough wind resource on your site, choosing the best site for your turbine, connecting your system to the utility grid, and if it's possible to become independent of the utility grid using wind energy. In addition, the cover of the guide contains a state wind resource map and a list of state incentives and state contacts for more information.

The Illinois Consumer's Guide for Small Wind Electric Systems provides consumers with enough information to help them determine if a small wind electric system can provide all or a portion of the energy they need for their home or business based on their wind resource, energy needs, and their economics. Topics discussed in the guide include: how to make your home more energy efficient, how to choose the right size turbine, the parts of a wind electric system, determining if there is enough wind resource on your site, choosing the best site for your turbine, connecting your system to the utility grid, and if it's possible to become independent of the utility grid using wind energy. The cover of the guide contains a wind resource map for Illinois and a list of state incentives and state contacts for more information.

BestPractices Steam tip sheet regarding ways to assess steam system efficiency. To determine the effective cost of steam, use a combined heat and power simulation model that includes all the significant effects.

BestPractices Steam tip sheet regarding the use of deaerators in industrial steam systems.

BestPractices Steam tip sheet regarding ways to improve plant steam system efficiency by installing removable insulation on uninsulated valves and fittings.

BestPractices Steam tip sheet regarding ways to minimize short cycling losses in industrial boilers.

BestPractices Program tip sheet discussing ways to minimize compressed air leaks in industrial plants.

BestPractices Program tip sheet discussing a method for determining the cost of compressed air at industrial plants.

In recent years, several new interesting phenomena have been discovered when studying the interaction of sulphur with bimetallic surfaces using the modern techniques of surface science. Very small amounts of sulphur can induce dramatic changes in the morphology of bimetallic surfaces. The electronic perturbations associated with the formation of a heteronuclear metal-metal bond affect the reactivity of the bonded metals toward sulphur. This can be a very important issue to consider when trying to minimize the negative effects of sulphur poisoning or dealing with the design of desulfurization catalysts.

The Spring 2000 issue of OIT [Office of Industrial Technologies] Times features articles on a new ``Best Practices'' team that is facilitating motor systems and heating equipment roadmaps; combined heat and power (CHP) industry international symposium and signing compact agreement ceremony; DOE Secretary Richardson signs compact with the petroleum industry; a major steel showcase is planned for May and OIT customers speak out with what works and what doesn't.

Contains the Base Visit Report for Air Force Personnel Center Denver, CO

INSTALLATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE NAVAL AIR WEAPONS STATION CHINA LAKE, CA, Air Quality (DoD Question #210-225), Cultural/Archeological/Tribal Resources (DoD Question #229-237), Dredging (DoD Question # 226-228), Land Use Constraints/Sensitive Resource Areas (DoD Question #198-201, 238, 240-247, 254-256, 273), Marine Mammal/Marine Resources/Marine Sanctuaries (DoD Question #248-250, 252-253), Noise (DoD Question # 202-209, 239), Threatened and Endangered Species/Critical Habitat (DoD Question #259-264), Waste Management (DoD Question # 265-272), Water Resources (DoD Question # 258, 274-299), Wetlands (DoD Question # 251, 257)

INSTALLATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE NAVAL STATION NORFOLK, VA, Air Quality (DoD Question #210-225), Cultural/Archeological/Tribal Resources (DoD Question #229-237), Dredging (DoD Question # 226-228), Land Use Constraints/Sensitive Resource Areas (DoD Question #198-201, 238, 240-247, 254-256, 273), Marine Mammal/Marine Resources/Marine Sanctuaries (DoD Question #248-250, 252-253), Noise (DoD Question # 202-209, 239), Threatened and Endangered Species/Critical Habitat (DoD Question #259-264), Waste Management (DoD Question # 265-272), Water Resources (DoD Question # 258, 274-299), Wetlands (DoD Question # 251, 257)

INSTALLATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE NAVAL SUPPORT ACTIVITY CRANE, IN, Air Quality (DoD Question #210-225), Cultural/Archeological/Tribal Resources (DoD Question #229-237), Dredging (DoD Question # 226-228), Land Use Constraints/Sensitive Resource Areas (DoD Question #198-201, 238, 240-247, 254-256, 273), Marine Mammal/Marine Resources/Marine Sanctuaries (DoD Question #248-250, 252-253), Noise (DoD Question # 202-209, 239), Threatened and Endangered Species/Critical Habitat (DoD Question #259-264), Waste Management (DoD Question # 265-272), Water Resources (DoD Question # 258, 274-299), Wetlands (DoD Question # 251, 257)

IJCSG Summary Military Value Report for Munitions, Activity, Score

Installation Environmental Profile Naval Air Station Patuxent River, MD, Air Quality (DoD Question #210-225), Cultural/Archeological/Tribal Resources (DoD Question #229-237), Dredging (DoD Question # 226-228), Land Use Constraints/Sensitive Resource Areas (DoD Question #198-201, 238, 240-247, 254-256, 273), Marine Mammal/Marine Resources/Marine Sanctuaries (DoD Question #248-250, 252-253), Noise (DoD Question # 202-209, 239), Threatened and Endangered Species/Critical Habitat (DoD Question #259-264), Waste Management (DoD Question # 265-272), Water Resources (DoD Question # 258, 274-299), Wetlands (DoD Question # 251, 257)

Recommendation: Close Hawthorne Army Depot, Nevada, Relocate Storage and Demilitarization functions to Tooele Army Depot, UT. Justification, Payback, Economic Impact on Communities, Community Infrastructure, Environmental Impact,

IJCSG - Munitions / Armaments Capacity Report, MUNITIONS DEMILITARIZATION