In-Situ Sampling and Characterization of Naturally Occurring Marine Methane Hydrate Using the D/V JOIDES Resolution (open access)

In-Situ Sampling and Characterization of Naturally Occurring Marine Methane Hydrate Using the D/V JOIDES Resolution

The primary accomplishments of the JOI Cooperative Agreement with DOE/NETL in this quarter were (1) the preliminary postcruise evaluation of the tools and measurement systems that were used during ODP Leg 204 to study hydrate deposits on Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon from July through September 2002; and (2) the preliminary study of the hydrate-bearing core samples preserved in pressure vessels and in liquid nitrogen cryofreezers, which are now stored at the ODP Gulf Coast Repository in College Station, TX. During ODP Leg 204, several newly modified downhole tools were deployed to better characterize the subsurface lithologies and environments hosting microbial populations and gas hydrates. A preliminary review of the use of these tools is provided herein. The DVTP, DVTP-P, APC-methane, and APC-Temperature tools (ODP memory tools) were used extensively and successfully during ODP Leg 204 aboard the D/V JOIDES Resolution. These systems provided a strong operational capability for characterizing the in situ properties of methane hydrates in subsurface environments on Hydrate Ridge during ODP Leg 204. Pressure was also measured during a trial run of the Fugro piezoprobe, which operates on similar principles as the DVTP-P. The final report describing the deployments of the Fugro Piezoprobe is provided in Appendix …
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Rack, Frank; Storms, Michael; Schroeder, Derryl; Dugan, Brandon; Schultheiss, Peter & Party, ODP Leg 204 Shipboard Scientific
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
INTEGRATED ENERGY EFFICIENT WINDOW-WALL SYSTEMS (open access)

INTEGRATED ENERGY EFFICIENT WINDOW-WALL SYSTEMS

The building industry faces the challenge of reducing energy use while simultaneously improving construction methods and marketability. This paper describes the first phase of a project to address these concerns by designing an Integrated Window Wall System (IWWS) that can be commercialized. This work builds on previous research conducted during the 1990's by Lawrence Berkeley national Laboratories (LBNL). During this phase, the objective was to identify appropriate technologies, problems and issues and develop a number of design concepts. Four design concepts were developed into prototypes and preliminary energy analyses were conducted Three of these concepts (the foam wall, steel wall, and stiffened plate designs) showed particular potential for meeting the project objectives and will be continued into a second phase where one or two of the systems will be brought closer to commercialization.
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Michael Arney, Ph.D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory environmental monitoring report, calendar year 2001 (open access)

Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory environmental monitoring report, calendar year 2001

The results of the effluent and environmental monitoring programs at the three Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (KAPL) Sites are summarized and assessed in this report. Operations at the Knolls and Kesselring Sites and Site closure activities at the S1C Site (also known as the KAPL Windsor Site) continue to have no adverse effect on human health and the quality of the environment. The effluent and environmental monitoring programs conducted by KAPL at the Knolls and Kesselring Sites are designed to determine the effectiveness of treatment and control methods, to provide measurement of the concentrations in effluents for comparison with applicable standards, and to assess resultant concentrations in the environment. The monitoring programs include analyses of samples of liquid and gaseous effluents for chemical constituents and radioactivity as well as environmental monitoring of air, water, sediment, and fish. Radiation measurements are also made around the perimeter of the Knolls and Kesselring Sites and at off-site background locations. The environmental monitoring program for the S1C Site continues to be reduced in scope from previous years due to the completion of Site dismantlement activities during 1999 and a return to green field conditions during 2000.
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program Activities for fy2002. (open access)

Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program Activities for fy2002.

Brookhaven National (BNL) Laboratory is a multidisciplinary laboratory that carries out basic and applied research in the physical, biomedical, and environmental sciences, and in selected energy technologies. It is managed by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under contract with the U. S. Department of Energy. BNL's total annual budget has averaged about $450 million. There are about 3,000 employees, and another 4,500 guest scientists and students who come each year to use the Laboratory's facilities and work with the staff. The BNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program reports its status to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) annually in March, as required by DOE Order 4 1 3.2A, ''Laboratory Directed Research and Development,'' January 8, 2001, and the LDRD Annual Report guidance, updated February 12, 1999. The LDRD Program obtains its funds through the Laboratory overhead pool and operates under the authority of DOE Order 413.2A. The goals and objectives of BNL's LDRD Program can be inferred from the Program's stated purposes. These are to (1) encourage and support the development of new ideas and technology, (2) promote the early exploration and exploitation of creative and innovative concepts, and (3) develop new ''fundable'' R&D projects and programs. The emphasis …
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Fox, K. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mechanical Properties - Structure Correlation for Commercial Specification of Cast Particulate Metal Matrix Composites (open access)

Mechanical Properties - Structure Correlation for Commercial Specification of Cast Particulate Metal Matrix Composites

In this research, the effects of casting foundry, testing laboratory, surface conditions, and casting processes on the mechanical properties of A359-SiC composites were identified. To observe the effects, A359-SiC composites with 20 and 305 SiC particles were cast at three different foundries and tested at three different laboratories. The composites were cast in sand and permanent molds and tested as-cast and machined conditions. To identify the effect of the volume fraction and distribution of particles on the properties of the composites, particle distribution was determined using Clemex Image analysis systems, and particle volume fraction was determined using wet chemical analysis and Clemex Image analysis systems. The microstructure and fractured surfaces of the samples were analyzed using SEM, and EDX analysis was done to analyze chemical reaction between the particles and the matrix. The results of the tensile strengths exhibited that the tensile strengths depend on the density and porosity of the composites; in general the higher tensile strength is associated with lower porosity and higher density. In some cases, composites with lower density were higher than these with higher density. In the Al-20% SiC samples, the composites with more inclusions exhibited a lower tensile strength than the ones with fewer …
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Rohatgi, Pradeep
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Military Draft and a Possible War with Iraq (open access)

The Military Draft and a Possible War with Iraq

This report analyzes the possible scenarios under which the resumption of a draft might be militarily necessary, describes some of the social rationales for and against resuming the draft that have been cited (independent of military requirements), and itemizes the current status of the draft and action required for its reinstatement.
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Goldich, Robert L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Minimum Wage, Overtime Pay, and Child Labor: Amending the Fair Labor Standards Act (open access)

Minimum Wage, Overtime Pay, and Child Labor: Amending the Fair Labor Standards Act

None
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Whittaker, William G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Multilateral Development Banks: Issues for the 108th Congress (open access)

Multilateral Development Banks: Issues for the 108th Congress

None
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Sanford, Jonathan E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Naval Reactors Facility environmental monitoring report, calendar year 2001 (open access)

Naval Reactors Facility environmental monitoring report, calendar year 2001

The results of the radiological and nonradiological environmental monitoring programs for 2001 at the Naval Reactors Facility are presented in this report. The results obtained from the environmental monitoring programs verify that releases to the environment from operations at NRF were in accordance with Federal and State regulations. Evaluation of the environmental data confirms that the operation of NRF continues to have no adverse effect on the quality of the environment or the health and safety of the general public. Furthermore, a conservative assessment of radiation exposure to the general public as a result of NRF operations demonstrated that the dose received by any member of the public was well below the most restrictive dose limits prescribed by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U. S. Department of Energy.
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Operations and Maintenance Best Practices--A Guide to Achieving Operational Efficiency (open access)

Operations and Maintenance Best Practices--A Guide to Achieving Operational Efficiency

This guide is designed to serve as a source for O&M management and technical staff. It does not try to represent the universe of O&M related material. Rather, it attempts to: (1) provide needed background information on why O&M is important and the potential for savings from good O&M, (2) define the major O&M program types and provide guidance on the structure of a good O&M program, (3) provide information on state-of-the-art maintenance technologies and procedures for key equipment, and (4) identify information sources and contacts to assist you in getting your job done.
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Sullivan, Gregory P.; Pugh, Ray & Melendez, Aldo P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Optical Properties and Wave Propagation in Semiconductor-Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals (open access)

Optical Properties and Wave Propagation in Semiconductor-Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

This work is a theoretical investigation on the physical properties of semiconductor-based two-dimensional photonic crystals, in particular for what concerns systems embedded in planar dielectric waveguides (GaAs/AlGaAs, GaInAsP/InP heterostructures, and self-standing membranes) or based on macro-porous silicon. The photonic-band structure of photonic crystals and photonic-crystal slabs is numerically computed and the associated light-line problem is discussed, which points to the issue of intrinsic out-of-lane diffraction losses for the photonic bands lying above the light line. The photonic states are then classified by the group theory formalism: each mode is related to an irreducible representation of the corresponding small point group. The optical properties are investigated by means of the scattering matrix method, which numerically implements a variable-angle-reflectance experiment; comparison with experiments is also provided. The analysis of surface reflectance proves the existence of selection rules for coupling an external wave to a certain photonic mode. Such rules can be directly derived from symmetry considerations. Lastly, the control of wave propagation in weak-index contrast photonic-crystal slabs is tackled in view of designing building blocks for photonic integrated circuits. The proposed designs are found to comply with the major requirements of low-loss propagation, high and single-mode transmission. These notions are then collected …
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Agio, Mario
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reformulation of Coal-Derived Transportation Fuels: Selective Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Metal Foam Catalysts (open access)

Reformulation of Coal-Derived Transportation Fuels: Selective Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Metal Foam Catalysts

Several different catalytic reactions must be carried out in order to convert hydrocarbons (or alcohols) into hydrogen for use as a fuel for polyelectrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Each reaction in the fuel-processing sequence has a different set of characteristics, which influences the type of catalyst support that should be used for that particular reaction. A wide range of supports are being evaluated for the various reactions in the fuel-processing scheme, including porous and non-porous particles, ceramic and metal straight-channel monoliths, and ceramic and metal monolithic foams. These different types of support have distinctly different transport characteristics. The best choice of support for a given reaction will depend on the design constraints for the system, e.g., allowable pressure drop, and on the characteristics of the reaction for which the catalyst is being designed. Three of the most important reaction characteristics are the intrinsic reaction rate, the exothermicity/endothermicity of the reaction, and the nature of the reaction network, e.g., whether more than one reaction takes place and, in the case of multiple reactions, the configuration of the network. Isotopic transient kinetic analysis was used to study the surface intermediates. The preferential oxidation of low concentrations of carbon monoxide in the presence …
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Chin, Mr. Paul; Sun, Dr. Xiaolei; Roberts, Professor George W.; Spivey, Professor James J.; Sirijarhuphan, Mr. Amornmart; Dr. James G. Goodwin, Jr. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Scalable Computational Chemistry: New Developments and Applications (open access)

Scalable Computational Chemistry: New Developments and Applications

The computational part of the thesis is the investigation of titanium chloride (II) as a potential catalyst for the bis-silylation reaction of ethylene with hexaclorodisilane at different levels of theory. Bis-silylation is an important reaction for producing bis(silyl) compounds and new C-Si bonds, which can serve as monomers for silicon containing polymers and silicon carbides. Ab initio calculations on the steps involved in a proposed mechanism are presented. This choice of reactants allows them to study this reaction at reliable levels of theory without compromising accuracy. The calculations indicate that this is a highly exothermic barrierless reaction. The TiCl{sub 2} catalyst removes a 50 kcal/mol activation energy barrier required for the reaction without the catalyst. The first step is interaction of TiCl{sub 2} with ethylene to form an intermediate that is 60 kcal/mol below the energy of the reactants. This is the driving force for the entire reaction. Dynamic correlation plays a significant role because RHF calculations indicate that the net barrier for the catalyzed reaction is 50 kcal/mol. They conclude that divalent Ti has the potential to become an important industrial catalyst for silylation reactions. In the programming part of the thesis, parallelization of different quantum chemistry methods is …
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Alexeev, Yuri
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Surface Structures of Icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe Quasicrystals (open access)

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Surface Structures of Icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe Quasicrystals

Three papers are included in this dissertation. The first paper: ''Structural aspects of the fivefold quasicrystalline Al-Cu-Fe surface from STM and dynamical LEED studies'', is in press with ''Surface Science''. The second paper: ''An STM study of the atomic structure of the icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe fivefold surface'' is submitted to ''Physical Review B, Rapid Communication''. The third paper: ''Pseudomorphic starfish: arrangement of extrinsic metal atoms on a quasicrystalline substrate'' is submitted to ''Nature''. Following the third paper are general conclusions and appendices that document the published paper ''Structural aspects of the three-fold surface of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn'' (appearing in volume 461, issue 1-3 of ''Surface Science'' on page L521-L527, 2000), the design as well as the specifications of the aluminum evaporator used in the aluminum deposition study in this dissertation, an extended discussion of the aluminum deposition on the quasicrystalline surface, and the STM database.
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Cai, Tanhong
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Skilled Nursing Facilities: Medicare Payments Exceed Costs for Most but Not All Facilities (open access)

Skilled Nursing Facilities: Medicare Payments Exceed Costs for Most but Not All Facilities

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This report addresses (1) the relationship between Medicare skilled nursing facility (SNF) payments and the costs of treating Medicare patients in freestanding SNFs, as well as the effect of Medicare SNF payments on the financial condition of these facilities, and (2) the relationship between Medicare SNF payments and the costs of treating patients in hospital-based SNFs, as well as the factors that may account for cost differences between hospital-based and freestanding SNFs."
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation (open access)

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation

This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC during the October 2002 to December 2002 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The following activities have been carried out during this reporting period: {lg_bullet} Conceptual system design trade studies were performed {lg_bullet} Part-load performance analysis was conducted {lg_bullet} Primary system concept was down-selected {lg_bullet} Dynamic control model has been developed {lg_bullet} Preliminary heat exchanger designs were prepared {lg_bullet} Pressurized SOFC endurance testing was performed
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Minh, Nguyen & Rahman, Faress
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Synthesis and Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Germanium-Containing Compounds (open access)

Synthesis and Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Germanium-Containing Compounds

The driving force behind much of the work in this dissertation was to gain further understanding of the unique olefin to carbene isomerization observed in the thermolysis of 1,1-dimethyl-2-methylenesilacyclobutane by finding new examples of it in other silicon and germanium compounds. This lead to the examination of a novel phenylmethylenesilacyclobut-2-ene, which did not undergo olefin to carbene rearrangement. A synthetic route to methylenegermacyclobutanes was developed, but the methylenegermacyclobutane system exhibited kinetic instability, making the study of the system difficult. In any case the germanium system decomposed through a complex mechanism which may not include olefin to carbene isomerization. However, this work lead to the study of the gas phase thermochemistry of a series of dialkylgermylene precursors in order to better understand the mechanism of the thermal decomposition of dialkylgermylenes. The resulting dialkylgermylenes were found to undergo a reversible intramolecular {beta} C-H insertion mechanism.
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Classen, Nathan Robert
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tampa Electric Neural Network Sootblowing (open access)

Tampa Electric Neural Network Sootblowing

None
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Rhode, Mark A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Termination of the “Pay-As-You-Go” (PAYGO) Requirement for FY2003 and Later Years (open access)

Termination of the “Pay-As-You-Go” (PAYGO) Requirement for FY2003 and Later Years

None
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ultrasonic Examination of Double-Shell Tank 241-AN-105 Examination Completed September 2002 (open access)

Ultrasonic Examination of Double-Shell Tank 241-AN-105 Examination Completed September 2002

COGEMA Engineering Corporation (COGEMA), under a contract from CH2M Hill Hanford Group (CH2M Hill), has performed an ultrasonic examination of selected portions of Double-Shell Tank 241-AN-105. The purpose of this examination was to provide information that could be used to evaluate the integrity of the wall of the primary tank. The requirements for the ultrasonic examination of Tank 241-AN-105 were to detect, characterize (identify, size, and locate), and record measurements made of any wall thinning, pitting, or cracks that might be present in the wall of the primary tank. Any measurements that exceed the requirements set forth in the Engineering Task Plan (ETP), RPP-8867, are reported to CH2M Hill and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for further evaluation. Under the contract with CH2M Hill, all data is to be recorded on disk and paper copies of all measurements are provided to PNNL for third-party evaluation. PNNL is responsible for preparing a report(s) that describes the results of the COGEMA ultrasonic examinations.
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Pardini, Allan F. & Posakony, Gerald J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
UTSI/CFFF MHD PROGRAM COMPLETION AND RELATED ACTIVITY (open access)

UTSI/CFFF MHD PROGRAM COMPLETION AND RELATED ACTIVITY

Maintenance work on the DOE CFFF facility and other related government property is no longer authorized under this contract in accordance with the DOE-UT Settlement Agreement. Environmental remediation preservation of the facility continued. Government property has been transferred to UTSI as owner which frees up many items for proper disposal. Actions are underway to dispose of other wastes, and control pests and water at the DOE CFFF. Groundwater remediation activities as mandated by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) continued throughout the quarter. A contract was awarded to an environmental consulting company to drill and sample three additional groundwater wells adjacent to the CFFF property. A report on this activity, with results of the sample analysis, has been sent to the TDEC.
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Water Conservation Study for Manastash Creek Water Users, Kittias County, Washington, Final Report 2002. (open access)

Water Conservation Study for Manastash Creek Water Users, Kittias County, Washington, Final Report 2002.

Manastash Creek is tributary of the Yakima River and is located southwest and across the Yakima River from the City of Ellensburg. The creek drains mountainous terrain that ranges in elevation from 2,000 feet to over 5,500 feet and is primarily snowmelt fed, with largest flows occurring in spring and early summer. The creek flows through a narrow canyon until reaching a large, open plain that slopes gently toward the Yakima River and enters the main stem of the Yakima River at river mile 154.5. This area, formed by the alluvial fan of the Creek as it leaves the canyon, is the subject of this study. The area is presently dominated by irrigated agriculture, but development pressures are evident as Ellensburg grows and develops as an urban center. Since the mid to late nineteenth century when irrigated agriculture was established in a significant manner in the Yakima River Basin, Manastash Creek has been used to supply irrigation water for farming in the area. Adjudicated water rights dating back to 1871 for 4,465 acres adjacent to Manastash Creek allow appropriation of up to 26,273 acre-feet of creek water for agricultural irrigation and stock water. The diversion of water from Manastash Creek …
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Montgomery Watson Harza (Firm)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Withdrawal from the ABM Treaty: Legal Considerations (open access)

Withdrawal from the ABM Treaty: Legal Considerations

On December 13, 2001, President Bush gave formal notice to Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and the Ukraine that the United States was withdrawing from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty because of the constraints it imposes on the testing of missile defense systems; and six months later, on June 13, 2002, the treaty effectively terminated. The ABM Treaty has been in force since 1972. Pertinent legal questions that have been raised about U.S. withdrawal concern whether the treaty allows it; if so, the procedure to be followed; and, finally, the constitutionality of the President doing so unilaterally without the involvement of the Senate or Congress. This report briefly discusses these issues, as well as the recent federal district court decision in Kucinich v. Bush dismissing a suit by 32 members of the House challenging the constitutionality of the President’s action.
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Ackerman, David M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Zintl Chemistry of the Heavy Tetrel Elements (open access)

The Zintl Chemistry of the Heavy Tetrel Elements

Exploration of the alkali metal/alkaline-earth metal/heavy tetrel (Sn or Pb) systems has revealed a vast array of new chemistry and novel structure types. The structures and properties of these new materials have been studied in an attempt to understand the chemistry of these and other related systems. The first phase reported is Rb{sub 4}Pb{sub 9} (K{sub 4}Pb{sub 9} type). The compound contains two different types of Pb{sub 9}{sup 4-} deltahedra, a monocapped square pyramid and a distorted tricapped trigonal prism. Both cluster geometries correspond to a nido assignment even though the tricapped trigonal prism is not the classic Wade's rules nido deltahedron expected for a monocapped square antiprism. Also, a series of compounds that contain square pyramidal Tt{sub 5} polyanions of tin and lead has been obtained in alkaline-earth or rare-earth metal-tetrel systems by direct fusion of the elements to yield Sr{sub 3}Sn{sub 5}, Ba{sub 3}Pb{sub 5}, and La{sub 3}Sn{sub 5}. These phases contain square pyramidal clusters of the tetrel elements that are weakly interlinked into chains via two types of longer intercluster interactions that are mediated by bridging cations and substantially influenced by cation size and the free electron count. Attempts at incorporating another main-group element to form heteroatomic …
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Corbett, John D.
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library