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FY1997 USDA Budget: Food and Nutrition Programs
This is a report about the USDA budget for food and nutrition programs in the fiscal year 1997.
Date:
October 28, 1996
Creator:
Jones, Jean Yavis
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transportation and the FY1997 Budget
The President signed P.L. 104-205, the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997, (FY1997 Act) on September 30, 1996. This action completes work on Department of Transportation (DOT) and related agencies appropriations for the year.
Date:
October 4, 1996
Creator:
Fischer, John W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY1997: VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
The VA, HUD and Independent Agencies appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and a number of independent agencies. This report describes some of the key issues affecting agency funding in FY1997.
Date:
November 20, 1996
Creator:
Vanhorenbeck, Susan M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The U.S. Department of Agriculture: Appropriations for FY1997
The FY1997 agriculture appropriations act (P.L. 104-180) was signed into law on August 6, 1996. P.L. 104-180 provides $52.84 billion in FY1997 budget authority for the U.S. Department of Agriculture and related agencies, an amount which is $5.60 billion below the Administration's FY1997 request and $10.25 billion below the FY1996 enacted level. Much of the reduction in funding from FY1996 levels is attributable to an $8.9 billion reduction in the reimbursement for net realized losses of the Commodity Credit Corporation, which is the funding mechanism for USDA's commodity programs. The act also requires recipients of the new farm bill-authorized market transition payments to use eligible land for farm production, or place it in a conserving use.
Date:
November 12, 1996
Creator:
Chite, Ralph M.; Zinn, Jeffrey A.; Hanrahan, Charles E.; Jones, Jean Yavis; Osbourn, Sandra S.; Rawson, Jean M. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Executive Branch Reorganization
This issue brief views reorganization as involving the alteration and relocation of both programs and the administrative structure of the executive branch for reasons of efficiency, economy, and direction. The underlying issue is who reorganizes--Congress or the President--and by what authority and, also, for what purpose? Some other related administrative and management reforms are tracked as well.
Date:
December 6, 1996
Creator:
Relyea, Harold C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Department of Energy's FY1996 Budget
This issue brief describes the FY1996 request for DOE's major programs, its implications, and congressional action on the DOE budget. Table 1 at the end of the issue brief highlights the FY1996 DOE budget request.
Date:
February 8, 1996
Creator:
Humphries, Marc
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
World Bank Lending to China
Lending to China from the multilateral development banks (MDBs) increased four-fold between 1985 and 1994, from $1.1 billion to $4.3 billion. China is now the MDBs' largest single borrower country. There is considerable debate today, however, whether the MDBs should continue lending to China. In particular, there is sharp debate whether the World Bank should continue making concessional loans to China.
Date:
April 25, 1996
Creator:
Sanford, Jonathan E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The World Food Summit
Governments participating in the 1996 World Food Summit will examine how to deal with world hunger and malnutrition and achieve the goal of food security for all. There is broad agreement on the desirability of the Summit's goal, but controversy has developed over such issues as the relationship of trade liberalization and food security, the advisability of declaring a legal right to food, the link between population stabilization and reproductive health and food security, and responsibility within the UN system for Summit follow-up.
Date:
November 6, 1996
Creator:
Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Taiwan: Texts of the Taiwan Relations Act and the U.S.-China Communiques
Tensions in the Taiwan Straits are prompting American policymakers to consider a range of measures that would demonstrate U.S. interests in Taiwan's security. President Clinton has ordered two U.S. carrier battle groups into the South China Sea, and Congress is considering legislation that would more forcefully express U.S. defense commitments to Taiwan.
Date:
March 18, 1996
Creator:
Dumbaugh, Kerry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China, Congress, and Sanctions - Findings of a Workshop-Seminar
The People's Republic of China (PRC)'s provocative use of military force in the Taiwan Strait has appeared to subside, but not before convincing many in the Congress that the PRC regime continues to flout international norms sensitive to the United States. In addition to challenging stability in the Taiwan Strait, the PRC is seen recently to undermine important U.S. interests regarding nuclear proliferation, intellectual property rights, and missile proliferation. As a result, many in the Congress are pressing for actions -- including economic and other sanctions
Date:
April 17, 1996
Creator:
Sutter, Robert G. & Rennack, Dianne E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The China-U.S. Intellectual Property Rights Dispute: Background and Implications for China-U.S. Economic Relations
The United States has pressed China over the past several years to improve its protection of U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR) and to afford greater market access to intellectual property-related products, such as computer software, compact disks (CDs), and audio-visual products. U.S. threats of trade sanctions against Chinese products helped produce trade agreements in January 1992 and February 1995 that pledged China to improve its IPR enforcement regime and expand market access for IPR-related products. However, despite these agreements, U.S. and IPR industry officials have charged that IPR piracy in China remains rampant and is costing U.S. firms $2.3 billion in lost trade annually. On May 15, 1996, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) threatened to impose approximately $2 billion in trade sanctions against China for failing to abide by the February 1995 IPR agreement. This report outlines the history of the U.S.-Chinese IPR dispute and examines its ramifications for future U.S.-Chinese economic relations.
Date:
May 24, 1996
Creator:
Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China's Rising Power: Alternative U.S. National Security Strategies - Findings of a Seminar
Although recent development of China's wealth and power poses opportunities as well as challenges for U.S. policy, participants at a CRS seminar on dealing with China's rise focused on the challenges. China is seen as a very large, strategically located country undergoing rapid economic growth and social change, and ruled by authoritarian political leaders. Since the Maoist era, China has made great strides in conforming to many international norms, but a combination of rising Chinese power and nationalistic assertiveness poses serious problems for: U.S. security interests in Asia; U.S. efforts to curb trafficking in technology for weapons of mass destruction and conventional weapons; U.S. support for a smooth running market basedinternational economic systems; and U.S. backing of other international norms regarding human rights, environmental protection and other issues.
Date:
June 6, 1996
Creator:
Sutter, Robert G. & Mitchener, Peter
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China-U.S.-Taiwan Economic Relations
Recent political and military tensions between China and Taiwan have focused new attention on U.S. economic interests in the region. The volume of trade and investment between the United States and Taiwan and China has soared during the last 10 years. This trend has helped forge closer ties between the United States and the two economies, but has also been the source of friction. U.S. economic relations with China and Taiwan are likely to be of concern to Congress during the annual debate over U.S. renewal of China's most-favored-nation (MFN) status. This report analyzes U.S. economic ties with China and Taiwan, including trends, the major issues, and future prospects. It also examines the growing economic ties between China and Taiwan
Date:
June 11, 1996
Creator:
Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan Aid Cutoff: U.S. Nonproliferation and Foreign Policy Considerations
U.S. aid and arms sales to Pakistan generally had been prohibited since October 1990 because the President could not make a required annual certification to Congress under Section 620E(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act, the so-called "Pressler Amendment," that Pakistan did not possess a nuclear explosive device. However, on February 12, 1996, the President signed into law the Foreign Operations Appropriations Act for FY1996, which includes provisions that significantly relax previous restrictions on U.S. aid to Pakistan.
Date:
December 6, 1996
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-Japan Trade: Framework Talks and Other Issues
The United States and Japan are closely tied economically. Japan ranks second only to Canada as the largest U.S. export market. Japan is the leading market for American agricultural exports, such as corn and meat; for U.S. crude materials such as wood; and for U.S.-produced aircraft. Japan is also the second largest supplier of U.S. imports. These include cars, consumer electronics, telecommunications equipment, and computers. The United States ranks as Japan's number one export market and import supplier.
Date:
January 30, 1996
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
World Health Organization: A Fact Sheet
The World Health Organization (WHO), established in 1948, is the U.N. System's authority on international public health issues. It assists governments in improving national health services and in establishing worldwide standards for foods, chemicals, and biological and pharmaceutical products. WHO concentrates on preventive rather than curative programs, including efforts to eradicate endemic and other widespread diseases, stabilize population growth, improve nutrition, sanitation, and maternal and child care. WHO works through contracts with other agencies and private voluntary organizations.
Date:
July 1, 1996
Creator:
McHugh, Lois B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Law of the Sea: the International Seabed Authority - Its Status and U.S. Participation Therein
The 1982 U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, as amended by the 1994 Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the U.N. Convention, entered into force, on November 16, 1994. That action initiated establishment of the International Seabed Authority (ISA), composed of all States parties to the Convention, to administer the seabed mining regime set forth in the Convention/Agreement
Date:
September 16, 1996
Creator:
Browne, Marjorie Ann
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agreements to Promote Fishery Conservation and Management in International Waters
Declining fish populations threaten an important food source. Natural catastrophes, pollution, habitat destruction, and overfishing contribute to the depletion of fish stocks. Overexploitation of fishery resources often occurs when management allows expanding and increasingly efficient fishing fleets to continue harvesting dwindling supplies. Although prevalent, overexploitation is not universal and its extent varies among areas, species, and fisheries. This report discusses the issue of overfishing and its possible consequences, as well as domestic and international efforts to combat overfishing.
Date:
January 5, 1996
Creator:
Buck, Eugene H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act Reauthorization
Historically, coastal states managed marine sport and commercial fisheries in nearshore waters, where most marine seafood was caught. However, as fishing techniques improved and offshore resources were discovered, more fishers ventured farther offshore.
Date:
December 4, 1996
Creator:
Buck, Eugene H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Federal Helium Program: The Reaction Over an Inert Gas
The CRS report describes the battle with natural gas companies on helium gas, being wasted, and released into the environment. Incentives were put in place for natural gas companies sell this helium to the government and for it to be stored in a government facility. Consequently, this also brought up controversy for why funding is being used to store a surplus of helium. Congress would debate on whether government involvement was the best option and a consensus was reached to fund the National Academy of Science to find the best way to dispose of the helium. Their results of their studies and the H.R. 4168 bill that was passed are also described.
Date:
October 9, 1996
Creator:
Mielke, James E
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Salvage Timber Sales and Forest Health
Interest in salvaging timber has increased markedly since extensive forest fires in 1994. The focus is to use the dead and dying timber before it goes to waste and to increase the supply of Federal timber available to the wood products industry. Supporters also note that salvage sales are one tool that can be used to improve forest health. Critics counter that some dead and dying trees are necessary for healthy ecosystems, and that salvage sales are costly to the U.S. Treasury and to the environment. This report describes the concerns over forest health, and then examines the benefits, costs, and financial consequences of salvage timber sales.
Date:
June 7, 1996
Creator:
Gorte, Ross W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Forest Fires and Forest Health
Interest in fuel management, to reduce fire control costs and damages, has been renewed with the numerous, destructive wildfires spread across the West during the summers of 1988 and 1994.
Date:
June 7, 1996
Creator:
Gorte, Ross W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Introduction to Major Natural Resource Issues in the 104th Congress
This report introduces natural resource issues that the 104th Congress is likely to consider during the second session or is already considering through authorizations, appropriations, and/or oversight. Many were considered, but not resolved, by earlier Congresses
Date:
January 30, 1996
Creator:
Library of Congress. Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The "Timber Rider": Section 2001 of the Rescissions Act
the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions Act, became law. Section 2001, "The Emergency Salvage Timber Sale Program," is known as the "Salvage Rider" or the "Timber Rider." The measure directs the sale of timber from national forests managed by the Secretary of Agriculture through the Forest Service and from forests managed by the Secretary of the Interior through the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The law provides for three types of timber sales
Date:
February 22, 1996
Creator:
Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library