The MECAR system was scheduled to be used 36 hours during the study period. In practice the system was used a bit more since there is increasing pressure to switch completely over to MECAR. During this period of MECAR operation there were power supply studies, tune calibration, general tune-up with this system, and identification and some repair of bugs found in both the applications program and the MECAR operating system.

The purpose of the study was to identify and correct the problems in the 12 batch coalescing. The final goal is to be able to coalesce 12 booster batches of 11 bunches each into 12 bunches spaced at 21 buckets apart with an average intensity of 200 E9 ppb.

AD/RFI/LLRF group personnel performed several studies with the MR LLRF VXI upgrade system during the evening of 7/29/95. The study period lasted about 4 hours. The MR operating conditions were a mixture of $29 and $2B cycles, with beam injected only on the $29. The author believes the $2B cycles were present for reasons unrelated to the study. The basic study period goal was to test the initial VXI version of MR LLRF finite state machine (FSM) execution. This goal represents what has been called MR LLRF VXI Upgrade Implementation Stage No.2 throughout presentations and documentation on the upgrade project. The test includes control of MR LLRF NIM hardware, the MR RF cavities, and beam via XVI TTL FSM outputs. Numerous MR LLRF VXI system objects, or components, must work together correctly for a successful test. Very briefly, the required objects include VXI Front End hardware, the ACNET/Front End interface code, and the VXI/NIM Interface chassis (the chassis solves VXI-CAMAC-NIM RF and FSM output connectivity and development problems). Though this initial FSM does not yet fully support Upgrade Implementation Stage 2 functionality, all code and hardware for the following basic functionality is tested.

The following is a description of some studies the author made on the resonant Schottky detectors in the Tevatron. The author doubts that this document contains any information that wasn't known previously, but the hope is that this document will serve as a useful self-contained reference for users of the system.

This fact sheet reviews the uses and successes of a new transportable molecular beam mass spectrometer developed by NREL. This sophisticated research tool is used to measure chemical composition of gases created from various industrial processes.

To understand the effect of Main Ring harmonic quadruple correctors. Previous data taken with the harmonic quads did not agree well with the SYNCH calculation. The ultimate goal of this study was to be able to change the harmonic quads and verify the changes in lattice function.

The Q3 magnets have 2 independent heater elements that are energized by the quench protection system. One heater element in the Q3 magnet at A4 became an open circuit after the initial cooldown. Recently the second element became an open circuit. The Q3 magnet at A4 is powered in series with a Q3 magnet at B1. The heaters in the magnet at B1 are still intact. The purpose of this study is to determine if the magnet circuit can be operated without undue risk of damage to the magnets. The risk of damage to the magnet at A4 is less of a concern since repairing the heaters is expected to be a major effort in any event. There is one spare Q3 magnet.

To improve the efficiency of a transversal damper, the common-mode components in the beam signal due to any off-center closed orbit must be suppressed as much as possible. In the present Super Damper the common-mode suppression is accomplished by using a feedback to adjust the dc offset of the front-end integrator. For the proposed main ring damping system, a new front-end circuit using balanced cross-feed forward and feedback has been developed to improve the common-mode rejection and adaptability to changes in the closed-orbit of the front-end. The circuit had been proved on a bench test. The test done on July 30 was to evaluate its effectiveness on the real beam signals.

A cryogenic system upgrade was installed in 1993 to lower the temperature of the Tevatron in order to achieve higher operating energies. Centrifugal cold helium vapor compressors were used to lower the temperature of the two-phase circuit of the Tevatron. A cold compressor (CC) is used at each of the twenty-four satellite refrigerators, allowing each satellite to be individually tuned to the temperature necessary for the magnets. Initial testing took place in December, 1993 and January, 1994. During that time, they uniformly tuned the Tevatron for 11 psia (3.93 K) cold compressor operation. fifteen quenches were achieved. All of them were ramp-to-quench from either a 900 GeV ramp or the QBS test ramp. Approximately ten of the quenches appeared to be training quenches. The ultimate ramp-to-quench energy achieved was 998 GeV. The second major testing sequence took place in July, 1995, just prior to a two month shutdown. Again, the entire Tevatron was tuned for a uniform cold compressor temperature of 11 psia (3.93 K). Two changes were made compared to the 1993/94 testing. First, the helium flow in the magnets was kept constant when pumping down from the nominal 19 psia to 11 psia. During previous testing, the magnet …

This document explains how NREL's fermentation research has produced a major breakthrough in the production of ethanol from biomass. Use of a metabolically engineered bacterium, which will allow cofermentation of both major components (xylose and glucose) of biomass, promises to greatly simplify the production process and reduce costs.

During collider operations last year a transverse instability was observed during PBAR transfers. The observation of an instability at such low intensities, and the fact that the motion appeared to be bounded instead of growing without limit, was intriguing, so they spent a few hours during last week's study period investigating the instability with some new diagnostic instrumentation. These vertical instabilities occur usually with the damper systems off, and with the vertical chromaticity set near zero.

The main purpose of this report is to given an illustrative example of the use of the quadrupole monitoring system including the modeling page W120.

This informative brief describes the collaborative efforts of NREL and Amoco Corporation to demonstrate a technology that turns landfill wastes into ethanol for clean-burning transportation fuel.

On July 25, 1995 a shift of Tevatron beam studies was devoted to examining the shape of the E17 kicker waveform. The purpose of this study was to determine how the kicker may effect the emittance of the Protons once collider operation changed to 36 bunch operation. The kicker was setup to give the most uniform flattop with approximately the correct flattop length. To do this, all 22 cells of the pulse forming network were connected and the predets for the tube timing were set as follows: Main = 1.0 {micro}sec; Clip = 6.0 {micro}sec; and Dump = 4.0 {micro}sec. The data was collected by varying the trigger of the kicker and observing the response of the beam with the BPM system. This timer, the beam synch delay out of a 279 module, only has 7 bucket resolution. Thus any waveform variation smaller than 131 nsec (or greater than 7.6 MHz) will not be observed. The data for the flattop was collected in a different way than the data for the rising edge and falling edge. To collect the flattop data the injection closure was tuned to give a minimum turn by turn oscillation. Under these conditions, a first turn …

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is working to make ethanol Americas automotive fuel of the future by domestically producing it from lignocellulosic biomass, the most abundant renewable resource on earth.

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The original operations scenario to provide 12 proton bunches for the accelerator studies in the fall had them injecting 12 partial Booster batches into the main ring, accelerating them to flattop, then coalescing them. One of the main limitations of these coalescing studies for the last few months has been the inability of the Booster to provide enough beam without radiation trips. These radiation trips are considered difficult to eliminate due to the fact that the unwanted Booster beam cannot be aborted cleanly. During last week's study period they successfully used a new method that shows much promise.

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The author has developed a method of measuring the lattice in the Main Ring using a series of closed orbit measurements taken with assorted 1-bumps around the ring. The data is fit using the MINUIT fitting package in a method similar to that used by Shekhar Shukla in the Booster. The Minuit package then performs a chi square fitting to the beta, phase, tune and kick strength. This method has been tested on simulated data, but past measurements have had difficulties in real data. One of the problems with this method is it's inability to distinguish beta function errors and scaling errors of BPMs. One BPm in particular at VD27 appeared to have an error of 380%. The BPM specialist was informed and recently replaced the RF module for this BPM. This study was to verify the finding, and to further study the effect of the BPM error. Also, it was intended to acquire 1-bump data under the condition that the lattice is changed notably by changing setting of one of the harmonic quadruples.

A new technique is presented in this paper that reduces the complexity of state differential equations while accounting for modeling assumptions. The mismatch controls are defined as the differences between the model equations and the true state equations. The performance index of the optimal control problem is formulated with a set of tuning parameters that are user-selected to tune the control solution in order to achieve the best results. Computer simulations demonstrate that the tuned control law outperforms the untuned controller and produces results that are comparable to a numerically-determined, piecewise-linear optimal controller.

A complex sequence of basalt flows and sedimentary interbeds underlies Test Area North (TAN) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory in eastern Idaho. Wells drilled to depths of at least 500 feet penetrate 10 basalt-flow groups and 5 to 10 sedimentary interbeds that range in age from about 940,000 to 1.4 million years. Each basalt-flow group consists of one or more basalt flows from a brief, single or compound eruption. All basalt flows of each group erupted from the same vent, and have similar ages, paleomagnetic properties, potassium contents, and natural-gamma emissions. Sedimentary interbeds consist of fluvial, lacustrine, and eolian deposits of clay, silt, sand, and gravel that accumulated for hundreds to hundreds of thousands of years during periods of volcanic quiescence. Basalt and sediment are elevated by hundreds of feet with respect to rocks of equivalent age south and cast of the area, a relation that is attributed to past uplift at TAN. Basalt and sediment are unsaturated to a depth of about 200 feet below land surface. Rocks below this depth are saturated and make up the Snake River Plain aquifer. The effective base of the aquifer is at a depth of 885 feet below land surface. Detailed …

This document contains several abstracts of talks given to `Opportunity `95 - Environmental Technology Through Small Business.` Titles include the following: Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste; Subcritical water extraction of organic pollutants and extraction of hazardous metals from mixed solid wastes by chelation and supercritical fluid extraction; extraction and analysis of pollutant organics from contaminated solids using off-line supercritical fluid extraction and on-line SFE/IR; Stabilization of vitrified waste by enhanced crystallization and development of a protocol to predict long-term stability.

This report emphasizes the features of the United States Tritium Facility operation at the Savannah River Site. It outlines the buildings that represent the facility operating basis. It explores areas where new technology and proven methods of operation developed at the Site have made dramatic environmental and facility work enhancements over the last several years. These enhancements should be consideration for future facility designs and for any current tritium missions.

In the authors` research for the period of September 30, 1993 through December 31, 1994, they have upgraded their equipment in anticipation of the restart of the upgraded lasers at the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics/National Laser User Facility (LLE/NLUF) and elsewhere. As a direct result of cooperation with Dr. Paul Jaanimagi of LLE, they have modified the cathode on a LLE-designed front-illuminated streak camera so as to operate over a wavelength range extending from the x-ray ({ge} 0.3 nm) into the vacuum ultraviolet (> 100 nm) spectral regions. They have accomplished this with (coated) screen cathodes which permit the photoelectrons to freely penetrate through the openings after emission from the mesh surfaces. Such cathodes were studied, compared and optimized. In anticipation of the development of these long-wavelength photocathodes, they assembled and tested a xuv flat-field streak spectrograph using a varied-spacing grating and covering the 4--30 nm wavelength region. They successfully obtained spectra of highly-ionized boron and carbon. They have also installed a new 300 grooves/mm, 4.2{degree} blazed grating in their ``McPig`` microchannel plate equipped grazing incidence spectrograph, and obtained test spectra extending from 3 to 140 nm wavelength.