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13,996 Matching Results
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Japanese and U.S. Economic Involvement in Asia and the Pacific: Comparative Data and Analysis
In a world in which economic and trade performance are fast gaining acceptance as important components of national power and well being, Congress has become increasingly interested in the comparative success of U.S. business in the vast, rapidly growing Asia-Pacific region. For the most part, Congress has tended to view Japan as the main competitor of the United States in Asian markets and the standard against which U.S. success is measured. The stakes for the United States are considerable. Exclusive of Japan, the Asia-Pacific region accounted for $ 92 billion in U.S. exports in 1993 and $ 138 billion in imports, or about 20 percent of total U.S. exports and 24 percent of U.S. global imports. A number of projections indicate that Asia will account for the largest share of world trade growth in the next decade. Japan's growing economic presence has been accompanied by a relative increase in its political influence vis-a-vis that of the United States, a factor of considerable long term significance for U.S. interests, and it would appear the availability of alternative Asian markets has strengthened Japan's resistance to U.S. trade demands.
Date:
September 27, 1994
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Reappraisal of Foreign Investment Policy
The rise of the multinational corporation and the increased flow of capital across national borders have raised anew the question of how to treat foreign direct investment, both inward and outward. The U.S. government and, increasingly, other governments advocate that, with some exceptions, economic policies should be neutral in the treatment of investment, foreign and domestic, inward and outward. This report discusses the changing view of foreign investment, both nationally and internationally.
Date:
February 8, 1994
Creator:
Reifman, Alfred
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Does Trade Reduce Wages of U.S. Workers?
This report examines in some detail the hypothesis that trade is undermining the economic status of the American worker. Two questions are addressed: one, Has trade tended to reduce the average level of wages? and, two, Has trade increased the inequality of wages? The general conclusion reached is that poor wage performance is largely a problem of the domestic economy, that would have occurred with or without trade.
Date:
April 1, 1994
Creator:
Elwell, Craig K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mining Law Reform: The Impact of a Royalty
None
Date:
May 12, 1994
Creator:
Humphries, Marc
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alternative Sources of Wood for Japan
Japan is one of the world's largest wood importers, with two-thirds of its imports as logs (unprocessed timber). Southeast Asia has been the largest log supplier, but supplies (and exports to Japan) have been declining. The United States has become a more important supplier, but concerns about declining domestic timber supplies have led to proposals to prohibit or to tax log exports. Opponents suggest that Japan would simply turn to other sources to replace U.S. logs. One question in this debate is where the alternative sources of logs or wood products might be.
Date:
August 25, 1994
Creator:
Gorte, Ross W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mahoganies: International Protection?
This report is on The issue for 18 mahogany species is whether any qualifies for regulation under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). (1) Pessimists on this issue say "yes," while optimists see the abundance of species in parts of their range and therefore say "no." Both camps question the accuracy of data supplied by the other side. Both agree that the presence of mahogany trees may provide local governments with an incentive to retain rain forests, especially since mahogany cultivation has not been particularly successful.
Date:
October 20, 1994
Creator:
Corn, M. Lynne
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Below-Cost Timber Sales: An Overview
The Forest Service sells some timber at prices that are less than the agency costs to administer the timber program. This report discusses these "below-cost" timber sales that have been debated by Congress for more than a decade, but no policy to address the issue has been adopted legislatively or administratively.
Date:
December 20, 1994
Creator:
Gorte, Ross W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wetlands and Agriculture: Policy Issues in the 1995 Farm Bill
Wetlands protection efforts have been a major concern for agricultural interests since Congress enacted so-called swampbuster provisions in the 1985 Food Security Act. Under these provisions, all producers who alter wetlands risk losing certain farm program benefits. Determining which sites are wetlands and enforcement of penalties remain contentious issues. Controversy has been heightened by confusion over how this program is related to the principal Federal regulatory program to protect wetlands, section 404 of the Clean Water Act, and how wetland determinations affect land values and private property rights. Because the 103rd Congress did not reauthorize the Clean Water Act, some of the wetland issues raised in that debate might be raised in the farm bill. Another wetland protection program, the Wetland Reserve (WRP), was enacted in the 1990 farm bill. This program, which pays farmers to place wetlands under long-term or permanent easements, has been far less controversial. This paper reviews the swampbuster and WRP, as well as controversies surrounding delineation of wetlands and relationships between private property rights and wetland protection efforts.
Date:
December 19, 1994
Creator:
Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China in Transition: Changing Conditions and Implications for U.S. Interests
Americans disagree as to whether or not China poses a serious security concern for U.S. interests in peace and security in Asia and the Pacific. Many point to rising Chinese defense capabilities and assertive rhetoric to warn of Chinese military- backed expansion. Others judge that the main danger comes from China's weakness. They argue that the possibility of an emerging breakdown in government authority in China could prompt regional disorder and refugee flows seriously undermining Asian stability. Still others see the Chinese "threat" as grossly exaggerated. They stress that Beijing leaders are in control of the country and see their interests best served by accommodation to their richer and generally better armed neighbors.
Date:
January 5, 1994
Creator:
Sutter, Robert G. & Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan's Ongoing Political Instability: Implications for U.S. Interests
The surprise election of Socialist Party leader Tomiichi Murayama as Prime Minister on June 29, 1994, reflects an ongoing process of change and realignment in Japanese politics that, in the short term, has made the management of U.S.-Japan relations significantly more difficult and impeded the resolution of important issues. Although Murayama has pledged continuity in U.S.-Japan relations, and key cabinet posts have been given to senior LDP leaders with experience in dealing with Washington, his election could have a number of negative implications for U.S. interests. Among other possibilities, the change could temporarily set back the cause of political reform in Japan, further delay the recovery of the Japanese economy from a three-year long slump, pose new obstacles to trade negotiations aimed at more fully opening Japanese markets to U.S. goods and services, and bring into question Tokyo's cooperation under certain scenarios on the issue of North Korea's nuclear weapons program. The likely hiatus in major decisionmaking may continue at least until the next general election.
Date:
July 8, 1994
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
North Korea After Kim Il Sung
Kim Il Sung died on July 8, 1994, the only leader North Korea had since its founding in 1948. His death raises several questions about future stability and the strong U.S. interests on the Korean Peninsula.
Date:
July 20, 1994
Creator:
Shinn, Rinn-Sup & Sutter, Robert G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan's Politics and Government in Transition
Japan's politics and government are undergoing a historic transition. The 38-year one-party rule of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) came to an end on July 18, 1993, when the party was voted out of power, even as it remained the single largest party in the lower house of Japan's bicameral Diet, or parliament. Seven non-communist parties, with little in common save their shared interest in dethroning the LDP, formed a shaky coalition.
Date:
January 21, 1994
Creator:
Shinn, Rinn-Sup
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan's Uncertain Political Transition
Japan's current political instability began in July 1993, when the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) -- in power since 1955 - was voted out and replaced by a fragile multiparty coalition government under Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa. The new government faced turmoil in April 1994, when Hosokawa suddenly resigned amid a personal financial scandal. Then-deputy prime minister/foreign minister Tsutomu Hata succeeded, but only at the head of a minority government after the Socialist party, a key coalition partner, quit the Hata coalition. Although beset by its own internal squabbles, the LDP remained the single largest party in Japan's bicameral Diet, or parliament. In late June, Hata was forced to resign under threat of an LDP-led no-confidence motion.
Date:
July 29, 1994
Creator:
Shinn, Rinn-Sup
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan's Uncertain Political Transition
Japan's current political instability began in July 1993, when the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) -- in power since 1955 -- was voted out and replaced by a fragile multiparty coalition government under Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa. The new government faced turmoil in April 1994, when Hosokawa suddenly resigned amid a personal financial scandal. Then-deputy prime minister/foreign minister Tsutomu Hata succeeded, but only at the head of a minority government after the Socialist party, a key coalition partner, quit the coalition. Although beset by its own internal squabbles, the LDP remained the single largest party in Japan's bicameral Diet, or parliament. In late June, Hata was forced to resign under threat of an LDP-led no confidence motion.
Date:
September 19, 1994
Creator:
Shinn, Rinn-Sup
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Population and Development: the 1994 Cairo Conference
None
Date:
August 25, 1994
Creator:
Tarnoff, Curt
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wilderness: Overview and Statistics
The U.S. Forest Service established the first protected "wilderness area" under its own discretion in 1924. In 1964, the Wilderness Act established the National Wilderness Preservation System, reserved to Congress the authority to designate wilderness areas, and directed the Secretaries of Agriculture and of the Interior to review certain lands for their wilderness potential. The Act also designated 54 wilderness areas with 9 million acres of Forest Service land. Congress began expanding the Wilderness System in 1968, and today, there are 631 wilderness areas, totalling nearly 104 million acres, in 44 States.
Date:
December 2, 1994
Creator:
Gorte, Ross W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
International Science and Technology: Issues for U.S. Policymakers
None
Date:
September 16, 1994
Creator:
McLoughlin, Glenn J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Capital Gains and Securities Transactions Taxation in Japan: Fact Sheet
This fact sheet provides information on the taxation of securities transactions and capital gains income in Japan at the national level.
Date:
October 17, 1994
Creator:
Esenwein, Gregg A. & Winters, Philip D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flat Panel Display (FPD) Technology: An Introduction to the Issues
Flat Panel Display (FPD) technologies likely will help revolutionize the way information is transmitted, received, and used. FPD technologies already are having a significant impact on U.S. military weapon systems, and the growth of the commercial FPD market may be enormous by the end of the decade. A key policy issue facing Federal policymakers is whether there is a Government role, particularly for the Department of Defense, to assist the U.S. FPD industry in light of overwhelming Japanese domination of the global FPD market.
Date:
December 19, 1994
Creator:
McLoughlin, Glenn J. & Nunno, Richard M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Trade and Environment: GATT and NAFTA
Environmental concerns in trade negotiations have received extensive attention by policymakers both with regard to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Date:
April 4, 1994
Creator:
Fletcher, Susan R. & Tiemann, Mary
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
United States Trade and Trade Balance with Japan 1958-1993: A Brief Historical Overview
The purpose of this brief report is to appraise Congress of some relevant perspectives concerning the experience of U.S.-Japan merchandise trade since 1968. For the first seven years of the period under review, more American goods were sold to Japan than imported from that nascent major Asian economy, which has been,however, trailing Canada by far as our second top trading partner. Somewhat normally acceptable trade deficits were registered between 1966 and 1979, after which the growth of trade imbalances became unprecedented.
Date:
April 7, 1994
Creator:
Scuka, Dario
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China's Most-Favored-Nation Status: U.S. Wheat Exports
By June 3, 1994, President Clinton must determine whether or not to recommend to Congress a one-year extension of his Jackson-Vanik waiver authority, in effect extending most-favored-nation (MFN)[1] trading status to China for anothe year. The media are reporting that the President has not yet decided whether he will ask for an extension, and that he may also be deliberating over whether or not to attach conditions to a recommendation for approval.
Date:
May 24, 1994
Creator:
Ek, Carl & Epstein, Susan B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Granting Most-Favored-Nation Status to China as a Market Economy Country
It has been suggested recently that most-favored-nation (MFN) status be extended to China permanently by determining that it is no longer a nonmarket economy (NME) country and thus removing China from the purview of the freedom-of-emigration waiver of the Jackson-Vanik amendment, required for the annual renewal of the MFN status of NME countries.
Date:
June 15, 1994
Creator:
Pregelj, Vladimir N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
JETRO and International Trade Promotion by Japan
JETRO, the Japan External Trade Organization, has played a key role in Japan's system for trade promotion. It is a public corporation, a quasi-governmental organization, operating under the general supervision of Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI).
Date:
June 10, 1994
Creator:
Nanto, Dick K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library