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Methods for measuring the surface tritium inside TFTR using beta decay (open access)

Methods for measuring the surface tritium inside TFTR using beta decay

Three potential methods for measuring the surface tritium content of the TFTR vacuum vessel are described, each based on a different technique for measuring the in situ beta emission from tritium. These methods should be able to provide both a local and a global assessment of the tritium content within the top [approx] 1[mu]m of the inner wall surface.
Date: January 1, 1994
Creator: Zweben, S. J.; Johnson, D. & Hill, K. (Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Plasma Physics Lab.) (and others)
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
ANL Technical Support Program for DOE Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (open access)

ANL Technical Support Program for DOE Environmental Restoration and Waste Management

A program was established for DOE Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) to evaluate factors that are anticipated to affect waste glass reaction during repository disposal, especially in an unsaturated environment typical of what may be expected for the proposed Yucca Mountain repository site.
Date: June 1994
Creator: Bates, John K.; Bourcier, W. L.; Bradley, C. R.; Brown, N. R.; Buck, E. C.; Carroll, S. A. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Separation Science and Technology Semiannual Progress Report (open access)

Separation Science and Technology Semiannual Progress Report

This document reports on the work done by the Separations Science and Technology Programs of the Chemical Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, in the period October 1991-March 1992. This effort is mainly concerned with developing the TRUEX process for removing and concentrating actinides from acidic waste streams contaminated with transuranic (TRU) elements. The objectives of TRUEX processing are to recover valuable TRU elements and to lower disposal costs for the nonTRU waste product of the process.
Date: January 1994
Creator: Vandegrift, G. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Separation Science and Technology Semiannual Progress Report: April - September 1992 (open access)

Separation Science and Technology Semiannual Progress Report: April - September 1992

This document reports on the work done by the Separations Science and Technology Programs of the Chemical Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, in the period April-September 1992. This effort is mainly concerned with developing the TRUEX process for removing and concentrating actinides from acidic waste streams contaminated with transuranic (TRU) elements.
Date: September 1994
Creator: Vandegrift, G. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analytical Electron Microscopy Characterization of Uranium-Contaminated Soils from the Fernald Site, FY1993 Report (open access)

Analytical Electron Microscopy Characterization of Uranium-Contaminated Soils from the Fernald Site, FY1993 Report

A combination of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron detection (SEM/BSE), and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) is being used to determine the nature of uranium in soils from the Fernald Environmental Management Project. The information gained from these studies is being used to develop and test remediation technologies. Investigations using SEM have shown that uranium is contained within particles that are typically 1 to 100 micrometers in diameter. Further analysis with AEM has shown that these uranium-rich regions are made up of discrete uranium-bearing phases. The distribution of these uranium phases was found to be inhomogeneous at the microscopic level.
Date: October 1994
Creator: Buck, E. C.; Cunnane, J. C.; Brown, N. R. & Dietz, N. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Waste Programs Semiannual Progress Report: April-September 1992 (open access)

Nuclear Waste Programs Semiannual Progress Report: April-September 1992

This document reports on the work done by the Nuclear Waste Programs of the Chemical Technology Division (CMT), Argonne National Laboratory, in the period April-September 1992. In these programs, studies are underway on the performance of waste glass and spent fuel in projected nuclear repository conditions to provide input to the licensing of the nation's high-level waste repositories.
Date: May 1994
Creator: Bates, John K.; Bradley, C. R.; Buck, E. C.; Dietz, N. L.; Ebert, William L.; Emery, J. W. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Conceptual Design of a Forced-Flow-Cooled 20-kA Current Lead Using Ag-Alloy-Sheathed Bi-2223 High-Temperature Superconductors (open access)

Conceptual Design of a Forced-Flow-Cooled 20-kA Current Lead Using Ag-Alloy-Sheathed Bi-2223 High-Temperature Superconductors

The use of high-temperature superconductors in current leads to reduce refrigeration power has been investigated by many groups in the past.
Date: 1994
Creator: Heller, R. & Hull, John R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Extensible PDE Solvers Package Users Manual (open access)

Extensible PDE Solvers Package Users Manual

This manual describes the use of the Extensible PDE Solvers package for the solution of elliptic PDEs.
Date: September 1994
Creator: Smith, Barry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Methods for Removing Transuranic Elements from Waste Solutions (open access)

Methods for Removing Transuranic Elements from Waste Solutions

This report outlines a treatment scheme for separating and concentrating the transuranic (TRU) elements present in aqueous waste solutions stored at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The treatment method selected is carrier precipitation. Potential carriers will be evaluated in future laboratory work, beginning with ferric hydroxide and magnetite. The process will result in a supernatant with alpha activity low enough that it can be treated in the existing evaporator/concentrator at ANL. The separated TRU waste will be packaged for shipment to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.
Date: November 1994
Creator: Slater, S. L.; Chamberlain, D. B.; Conner, C.; Sedlet, J.; Srinivasan, B. & Vandegrift, G. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Technology Development Goals for Automotive Fuel Cell Power Systems : Final Report, Contract No. 22822402 (open access)

Technology Development Goals for Automotive Fuel Cell Power Systems : Final Report, Contract No. 22822402

This report determines cost and performance requirements for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell vehicles carrying pure hydrogen fuel, to achieve parity with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.
Date: August 1994
Creator: James, Brian D.; Baum, George N. & Kuhn, Ira F., Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sludge Technology Assessment (open access)

Sludge Technology Assessment

This document is intended to (1) identify separation technologies which are being considered for sludge treatment at various DOE sites, (2) define the current state of sludge treatment technology, (3) identify what research and development is required, (4) identify current research programs within either DOE or academia developing sludge treatment technology, and (5) identify commercial separation technologies which may be applicable. Due to the limited scope of this document, technical evaluations regarding the need for a particular separations technology, the current state of development, or the research required for implementation, are not provided.
Date: December 1994
Creator: Krause, T. R.; Cunnane, J. C. & Helt, J. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Fuel Cells R & D Review. Final Report, Purchase Order No. 062014 (open access)

European Fuel Cells R & D Review. Final Report, Purchase Order No. 062014

The aim of the Review is to present a statement on the status of fuel cell development in Europe, addressing the research, development and demonstration (RD & D) and commercialization activities being undertaken, identifying key European organizations active in development and commercialization of fuel cells and detailing their future plans. This document describes the RD & D activities in Europe on alkaline, phosphoric acid, polymer electrolyte, direct methanol, solid oxide, and molten carbonate fuel cell types. It describes the European Commission`s activities, its role in the European development of fuel cells, and its interaction with the national programs. It then presents a country-by-country breakdown. For each country, an overview is given, presented by fuel cell type. Scandinavian countries are covered in less detail. American organizations active in Europe, either in supplying fuel cell components, or in collaboration, are identified. Applications include transportation and cogeneration.
Date: September 1994
Creator: Michael, Philip D. & Maguire, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Magnetically Assisted Chemical Separation (MACS) Process : Preparation and Optimization of Particles for Removal of Transuranic Elements (open access)

Magnetically Assisted Chemical Separation (MACS) Process : Preparation and Optimization of Particles for Removal of Transuranic Elements

This report describes the development of a separation process for TRU elements from various high-level waste streams.
Date: September 1994
Creator: Nuñez, Luis; Kaminski, M.; Bradley, C.; Buchholz, B. A.; Landsberger, S.; Aase, S. B. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
First Assessment of Computations of Turbulent Bubbly Flow and Particulate Flow with the COMMIX-M Program (open access)

First Assessment of Computations of Turbulent Bubbly Flow and Particulate Flow with the COMMIX-M Program

The COMMIX-M computer code, which describes steady-state and transient single- and multi-component flows in engineering systems, has been implemented to simulate suspension flows in laminar regimes and turbulent and bubbly particulate flows. This report presents a synopsis of the present code's capabilities, with particular emphasis on the recent development of turbulence models, and explains in detail the modifications necessary to simulate particulate flows and bubbly flows. First results of computations of turbulent bubbly and particulate flows are then given and compared with results of computations reported in the literature and with preliminary experimental results obtained at the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Germany).
Date: May 1994
Creator: Bottoni, M.; Chang, F. C. & Ding, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Argonne National Laboratory-East Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1993 (open access)

Argonne National Laboratory-East Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1993

This annual report on the ANL environmental protection program provides the DOE, environmental agencies, and the public with information on the levels of radioactive and chemical pollutants in the vicinity of ANL and on the amounts, if any, added to the environment by ANL operations. It also summarizes compliance of ANL operations with applicable environmental laws and regulations and highlights significant accomplishments and problems related to environmental protection. The report follows the guidelines given in DOE Order 5400.1.
Date: May 1994
Creator: Golchert, N. W. & Kolzow, R. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Practical Superconductor Development for Electrical Power Applications, Annual Report: 1994 (open access)

Practical Superconductor Development for Electrical Power Applications, Annual Report: 1994

Annual report for the superconductor program at Argonne National Laboratory discussing the group's activities and research. This report describes technical progress of research and development efforts aimed at producing superconducting components in the Y-Ba-Cu, (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu, (Tl,Pb,Bi)-(Ba,Sr)-Ca-Cu, and Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O oxide systems including: synthesis and heat treatment of high-Ta superconductors, formation of monolithic and composite conductors, characterization of structures and superconducting and mechanical properties, and fabrication and testing of prototype components.
Date: October 1994
Creator: Argonne National Laboratory. Materials and Components Technology Division.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Users Manual for KSP Data-Structure-Neutral Codes Implementing Krylov Space Methods (open access)

Users Manual for KSP Data-Structure-Neutral Codes Implementing Krylov Space Methods

The combination of a Krylov space method and a pre-conditioner is at the heart of most modern numerical codes for the iterative solution of linear systems. This document contains both a users manual and a description of the implementation for the Krylov space methods package KSP included as part of the Portable, Extensible Tools for Scientific computation package (PETSc). PETSc is a large suite of data-structure-neutral libraries for the solution of large-scale problems in scientific computation, in particular on massively parallel computers. The methods in KSP are conjugate gradient method, GMRES, BiCG-Stab, two versions of transpose-free QMR, and others. All of the methods are coded using a common, data-structure-neutral framework and are compatible with the sequential, parallel, and out-of-core solution of linear systems. The codes make no assumptions about the representation of the linear operator; implicitly defined operators (say, calculated using differencing) are fully supported. In addition, unlike all other iterative packages we are aware of, the vector operations are also data-structure neutral. Once certain vector primitives are provided, the same KSP software runs unchanged using any vector storage format. It is not restricted to a few common vector representations. The codes described are actual working codes that run on …
Date: August 1994
Creator: Gropp, William & Smith, Barry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
OTTER 3.0 Reference Manual and Guide (open access)

OTTER 3.0 Reference Manual and Guide

OTTER (Organized Techniques for Theorem-proving and Effective Research) is a resolution-style theorem-proving program for first-order logic with equality. OTTER includes the inference rules binary resolution, hyperresolution, UR-resolution, and binary paramodulation. Some of its other abilities and features are conversion from first-order formulas to clauses, forward and back subsumption, factoring, weighting, answer literals, term ordering, forward and back demodulation, evaluable functions and predicates, and Knuth-Bendix completion. OTTER is coded in C, is free, and is portable to many different kinds of computer.
Date: January 1994
Creator: McCune, William W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gas Generation from Hanford Grout Samples : Final Report (open access)

Gas Generation from Hanford Grout Samples : Final Report

The radiolytic yields of hydrogen nitrogen, oxygen, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide from two batches of WHC-supplied samples of grouted simulated waste have been (gamma) irradiated at several dose rates (0.025, 0.63 and 130 krad/h for hydrogen and 130 krad/h for all other gases). In one batch, the liquid waste simulant that was added to the grout included the original components that were added to Tank 102-AP (labeled "virgin" waste.) The second batch included a similar liquid waste simulant that was preirradiated to 35 Mrad prior to incorporation into the grout. It is believed that the preirradiated samples more closely represent radioactive waste that was stored in the tank for several years. The lowest dose rate corresponds approximately to that expected in the grout; with the high dose rate, doses equivalent to about 85 years storage in grout vaults were achieved. Most of the results on the batch of virgin samples have been reported recently (Report ANL 93/42). Here we report the results from the batch of preirradiated grout samples and compare the results from the two batches. The radiolytic yields of hydrogen and nitrogen are lower in the preirradiated than in the virgin grout. On the other hand G(oxygen) …
Date: March 1994
Creator: Jonah, Charles D.; Kapoor, S.; Matheson, Max S.; Mulac, W. A. & Meisel, Dan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Solidification Modeling of a Spiral Casting to Determine Material Fluidity (open access)

Solidification Modeling of a Spiral Casting to Determine Material Fluidity

In casting, fluidity is the measure of the distance a metal can flow in a channel before being stopped by solidification. During mold filling, the metal loses heat to the surrounding mold, thereby cooling and becoming more viscous until the leading portion solidifies and no further flow is possible. A coupled heat-transfer and fluid-flow modeling of a spiral, involving the use of thermophysical properties to determine material fluidity, has been conducted. Simulations of these experiments utilized the Casting Process Simulator (CaPS) software developed at Argonne National Laboratory. Two types of spiral geometries with different assumptions were considered: (1) a two-dimensional laterally stretched spiral and (2) a three-dimensional lateral spiral. The computer extent of mold filling is in good agreement with the experimental results. Time required by the metal/gas interface to attain specific positions in the spiral arm also compares favorably with the experimental results. The influence of process variables, especially pour time, is discussed. The CaPS software has been used as a computational tool to investigate the validity of the dimensionality assumptions and to evaluate the ability of CaPS to model fluidity adequately.
Date: February 1994
Creator: Ahuja, S.; Domanus, H. M.; Schmitt, R. C.; Chuzhoy, L. & Grabel, J. V.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Critical Review of Glass Performance Modeling (open access)

Critical Review of Glass Performance Modeling

Borosilicate glass is to be used for permanent disposal of high-level nuclear waste in a geologic repository. Mechanistic chemical models are used to predict the rate at which radionuclides will be released from the glass under repository conditions. The most successful and useful of these models link reaction path geochemical modeling programs with a glass dissolution rate law that is consistent with transition state theory. These models have been used to simulate several types of short-term laboratory tests of glass dissolution and to predict the long-term performance of the glass in a repository. Although mechanistically based, the current models are limited by a lack of unambiguous experimental support for some of their assumptions. The most severe problem of this type is the lack of an existing validated mechanism that controls long-term glass dissolution rates. Current models can be improved by performing carefully designed experiments and using the experimental results to validate the rate-controlling mechanisms implicit in the models. These models should be supported with long-term experiments to be used for model validation. The mechanistic basis of the models should be explored by using modern molecular simulations such as molecular orbital and molecular dynamics to investigate both the glass structure and …
Date: July 1994
Creator: Bourcier, William L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Parallel Genetic Algorithm for the Set Partitioning Problem (open access)

A Parallel Genetic Algorithm for the Set Partitioning Problem

In this dissertation the author reports on his efforts to develop a parallel genetic algorithm and apply it to the solution of set partitioning problem -- a difficult combinatorial optimization problem used by many airlines as a mathematical model for flight crew scheduling. He developed a distributed steady-state genetic algorithm in conjunction with a specialized local search heuristic for solving the set partitioning problem. The genetic algorithm is based on an island model where multiple independent subpopulations each run a steady-state genetic algorithm on their subpopulation and occasionally fit strings migrate between the subpopulations. Tests on forty real-world set partitioning problems were carried out on up to 128 nodes of an IBM SP1 parallel computer. The authors found that performance, as measured by the quality of the solution found and the iteration on which it was found, improved as additional subpopulation found and the iteration on which it was found, improved as additional subpopulations were added to the computation. With larger numbers of subpopulations the genetic algorithm was regularly able to find the optimal solution to problems having up to a few thousand integer variables. In two cases, high-quality integer feasible solutions were found for problems with 36,699 and 43,749 …
Date: May 1994
Creator: Levine, David
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Glassy Slags for Minimum Additive Waste Stabilization: Interim Progress Report, May 1993-February 1994 (open access)

Glassy Slags for Minimum Additive Waste Stabilization: Interim Progress Report, May 1993-February 1994

Interim report describing progress to develop glassy slag waste forms that support environmental restoration efforts.
Date: May 1994
Creator: Feng, X.; Wronkiewicz, David J.; Bates, J. K.; Brown, N. R.; Buck, E. C.; Dietz, N. L. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Studies of Acute and Chronic Radiation Injury at the Biological and Medical Research Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 1953-1970  : Description of Individual Studies, Data Files, Codes, and Summaries of Significant Findings (open access)

Studies of Acute and Chronic Radiation Injury at the Biological and Medical Research Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 1953-1970 : Description of Individual Studies, Data Files, Codes, and Summaries of Significant Findings

Between 1953 and 1970, studies on the long-term effects of external x-ray and {gamma} irradiation on inbred and hybrid mouse stocks were carried out at the Biological and Medical Research Division, Argonne National Laboratory. The results of these studies, plus the mating, litter, and pre-experimental stock records, were routinely coded on IBM cards for statistical analysis and record maintenance.
Date: May 1994
Creator: Grahn, D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library