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Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas: Quarterly Report [No. 3-4, July 1, 1993--September 3, 1993]
This report details the status of the Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas Project. The following tasks are described as being completed: (1) the test plan, (2) culture development, and (3) the mass transfer/kinetic studies. The bioreactor studies (Task 4) are underway. The continuous stirred tank reactor system for the conversion of H{sub 2}S to elemental sulfur using Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum has been studied for varying light intensities. The system was also modified to include both sulfur recovery and cell recycle using ceramic membranes. Studies were also performed to observe the effects of cell recycle using a polysulfone hollow filter membrane module. Work on Task 5, limiting conditions/scale-up, includes a scale-up study with three different size reactors to establish the optimum operating conditions for hydrogen production from synthesis gas by the biological water-gas shift reaction using the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. Finally, Task 6, an economic analysis, was performed for the H{sub 2} production system using R. rubrum. The analyses show that biological H{sub 2} production from syngas can be very economical if the light requirements for R. rubrum can be neglected.
Date:
October 1, 1993
Creator:
Ackerson, M. D.; Clausen, E. C. & Gaddy, J. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Task A: Yale Accelerator Users Group (YAUG). Second technical progress report, November 1, 1992--October 31, 1993
This report discusses the following topics: Yaug collider detector program; E-791: continued study of heavy flavors at TPL; Hadroproduction of charm and beauty; Search for composite objects produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions; and high energy physics computer facility.
Date:
July 6, 1993
Creator:
Adair, R. K.; Sandweiss, J. & Schmidt, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The design and construction of a double-sided Silicon Microvertex Detector for the L3 experiment at CERN
A Silicon Microvertex Detector (SMD) has been commissioned for the L3 experiment at the Large Electron-Positron colliding-beam accelerator (LEP) at the European Center for Nuclear Physics, (CERN). The SMD is a 72,672 channel, two layer barrel tracker that is comprised of 96 ac-coupled, double-sided silicon detectors. Details of the design and construction are presented.
Date:
December 1, 1993
Creator:
Adam, A.; Ahlen, S.; Marin, A.; Zhou, B.; Ambrosi, G.; Babucci, E. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Orientation Imaging Microscopy: New possibilities for microstructural investigations using automated BKD analysis
A new microscopy, called Orientation Imaging Microscopy, is described. Imaging results from precise measurements of local lattice orientation rapidly obtained by Backscattered Kikuchi Diffraction. The hardware configuration of the microscope is described and a description of image formation presented. Applications to several materials of differing lattice structure are described. Connections of the microscopy with various aspects of modern texture analysis are emphasized.
Date:
October 1, 1993
Creator:
Adams, Brent L.; Kunze, Karsten; Dingley, David J. & Wright, Stuart I.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High efficiency shale oil recovery. Fifth quarterly report, January 1, 1993--March 31, 1993
The overall project objective is to demonstrate the high efficiency of the Adams Counter-Current shale oil recovery process. The efficiency will first be demonstrated on a small scale, in the current phase, after which the demonstration will be extended to the operation of a small pilot plant. Thus the immediate project objective is to obtain data on oil shale retorting operations in a small batch rotary kiln that will be representative of operations in the proposed continuous process pilot plant. Although an oil shale batch sample is sealed in the batch kiln from the start until the end of the run, the process conditions for the batch are the same as the conditions that an element of oil shale would encounter in a continuous process kiln. Similar chemical and physical conditions (heating, mixing, pyrolysis, oxidation) exist in both systems.The two most important data objectives in this phase of the project are to demonstrate (1) that the heat recovery projected for this project is reasonable and (2) that an oil shale kiln will run well and not plug up due to sticking and agglomeration. The following was completed this quarter. (1) Twelve pyrolysis runs were made on five different oil shales. …
Date:
April 22, 1993
Creator:
Adams, D. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High efficiency shale oil recovery. Final report, January 1, 1992--June 30, 1993
The Adams Counter-current shale oil recovery process is an improved retorting technology enabling highly efficient oil recovery from oil shale. The high efficiency results primarily from the following facts: it (1) recovers the ash heat to preheat the feed ore; (2) burns and uses the coke energy and (3) operates without using hot ash recycling as a heat carrier. This latter feature is doubly important, contributing to high oil yield and to the generation of highly reactive coke which can be burned below 1000{degree}F, avoiding the endothermal calcination of the mineral carbonates and helping to clean the ash of contaminants. This project demonstrates that oil shale can be retorted under the specified conditions and achieve the objectives of very high efficiency. The project accomplished the following: 51 quartz sand rotary kiln runs provided significant engineering data. A heat transfer value of 107 Btu/hr/ft{sup 2}/{degree}F was obtained at optimum RPM; eight oil shale samples were obtained and preliminary shakedown runs were made. Five of the samples were selected for kiln processing and twelve pyrolysis runs were made on the five different oil shales;average off recovery was 109% of Fisher Assay; retorted residue from all five samples was oxidized at approximately 1000{degree}F. …
Date:
September 29, 1993
Creator:
Adams, D. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High efficiency shale oil recovery
The overall project objective is to demonstrate the high efficiency of the Adams Counter-Current shale oil recovery process. The efficiency will first be demonstrated on a small scale, in the current phase, after which the demonstration will be extended to the operation of a small pilot plant. Thus the immediate project objective is to obtain data on oil shale retorting operations in a small batch rotary kiln that will be representative of operations in the proposed continuous process pilot plant. Although an oil shale batch sample is sealed in the batch kiln from the start until the end of the run, the process conditions for the batch are the same as the conditions that an element of oil shale would encounter in a continuous process kiln. Similar chemical and physical conditions (heating, mixing, pyrolysis, oxidation) exist in both systems.The two most important data objectives in this phase of the project are to demonstrate (1) that the heat recovery projected for this project is reasonable and (2) that an oil shale kiln will run well and not plug up due to sticking and agglomeration. The following was completed this quarter. (1) Twelve pyrolysis runs were made on five different oil shales. …
Date:
April 22, 1993
Creator:
Adams, D.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of dose during an SGTR
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires utilities to determine the response of a pressurized water reactor to a steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) as part of the safety analysis for the plant. The SGTR analysis includes assumptions regarding the iodine concentration in the reactor coolant system (RCS) due to iodine spikes, primary flashing and bypass fractions, and iodine partitioning in the secondary coolant system (SCS). Experimental and analytical investigations have recently been completed wherein these assumptions were tested to determine whether and to what degree they were conservative (that is, whether they result in a calculated iodine source term/dose that is at least as large or larger than that expected during an actual event). The current study has the objective to assess the overall effects of the results of these investigations on the calculated iodine dose to the environment during an SGTR. To assist in this study, a computer program, DOSE, was written. This program uses a simple, non-mechanistic model to calculate the iodine source term to the environment during an SGTR as a function of water mass inventories and flow rates and iodine concentrations in the RCS and SCS. The principal conclusion of this study is that the iodine concentration …
Date:
January 1, 1993
Creator:
Adams, J. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of dose during an SGTR. [Steam Generator Tube Rupture (SGTR)]
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires utilities to determine the response of a pressurized water reactor to a steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) as part of the safety analysis for the plant. The SGTR analysis includes assumptions regarding the iodine concentration in the reactor coolant system (RCS) due to iodine spikes, primary flashing and bypass fractions, and iodine partitioning in the secondary coolant system (SCS). Experimental and analytical investigations have recently been completed wherein these assumptions were tested to determine whether and to what degree they were conservative (that is, whether they result in a calculated iodine source term/dose that is at least as large or larger than that expected during an actual event). The current study has the objective to assess the overall effects of the results of these investigations on the calculated iodine dose to the environment during an SGTR. To assist in this study, a computer program, DOSE, was written. This program uses a simple, non-mechanistic model to calculate the iodine source term to the environment during an SGTR as a function of water mass inventories and flow rates and iodine concentrations in the RCS and SCS. The principal conclusion of this study is that the iodine concentration …
Date:
January 1, 1993
Creator:
Adams, J. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Performance of CVR coatings for PBR fuels
As part of the component development process for the particle bed reactor (PBR), it is necessary to develop coatings for fuel particles which will be time and temperature stable. These coatings must not only protect the particle from attack by the hydrogen coolant, but must also help to maintain the bed in a coolable geometry and mitigate against fission product release. In order to develop these advanced coatings, a process to produce chemical vapor reaction (CVR) coatings on fuel for PBRs has been developed. The initial screening tests for these coatings consisted of testing in flowing hot hydrogen at one atmosphere. Surrogate fuel particles consisting of pyrolytic graphite coated graphite particles have been heated in flowing hydrogen at constant temperature. The carbon loss from these particles was measured as a function of time. Exposure temperatures ranging from 2,500 to 3,000 K were used and samples were exposed for up to 14 minutes in a cyclical fashion, cooling to room temperature between exposures. The rate of weight loss measured as a function of time is compared to that from other tests of coated materials under similar conditions. Microscopic examination of the coatings before and after exposure was also conducted and these …
Date:
December 31, 1993
Creator:
Adams, J. W.; Barletta, R. E.; Svandrlik, J. & Vanier, P. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Industrial alliances
The United States is emerging from the Cold War era into an exciting, but challenging future. Improving the economic competitiveness of our Nation is essential both for improving the quality of life in the United States and maintaining a strong national security. The research and technical skills used to maintain a leading edge in defense and energy now should be used to help meet the challenge of maintaining, regaining, and establishing US leadership in industrial technologies. Companies recognize that success in the world marketplace depends on products that are at the leading edge of technology, with competitive cost, quality, and performance. Los Alamos National Laboratory and its Industrial Partnership Center (IPC) has the strategic goal to make a strong contribution to the nation`s economic competitiveness by leveraging the government`s investment at the Laboratory: personnel, infrastructure, and technological expertise.
Date:
September 13, 1993
Creator:
Adams, K. V.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical tracer test at the Dixie Valley geothermal field, Nevada. Geothermal Reservoir Technology research program
In the injection test described, chemical tracers established the fluid flow between one injection well and one production well. Measured tracer concentrations, calculated flow rates, sampling schedules, and the daily events of the tracer test are documented. This experiment was designed to test the application of organic tracers, to further refine the predictive capability of the reservoir model, and to improve the effectiveness of Oxbow`s injection strategy.
Date:
October 1, 1993
Creator:
Adams, M. C.; Moore, J. N.; Benoit, W. R.; Doughty, C. & Bodvarsson, G. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hanford Environmental Restoration data validation process for chemical and radiochemical analyses
Detailed procedures for validation of chemical and radiochemical data are used to assure consistent application of validation principles and support a uniform database of quality environmental data. During application of these procedures, it was determined that laboratory data packages were frequently missing certain types of documentation causing subsequent delays in meeting critical milestones in the completion of validation activities. A quality improvement team was assembled to address the problems caused by missing documentation and streamline the entire process. The result was the development of a separate data package verification procedure and revisions to the data validation procedures. This has resulted in a system whereby deficient data packages are immediately identified and corrected prior to validation and revised validation procedures which more closely match the common analytical reporting practices of laboratory service vendors.
Date:
October 1, 1993
Creator:
Adams, M. R.; Bechtold, R. A.; Clark, D. E.; Angelos, K. M. & Winter, S. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Security guide for subcontractors
This guide is provided to aid in the achievement of security objectives in the Department of Energy (DOE) contractor/subcontractor program. The objectives of security are to protect information that, if released, would endanger the common defense and security of the nation and to safeguard plants and installations of the DOE and its contractors to prevent the interruption of research and production programs. The security objective and means of achieving the objective are described. Specific security measures discussed in this guide include physical barriers, personnel identification systems, personnel and vehicular access control, classified document control, protection of classified matter in use, storing classified matter, and repository combinations. Means of dealing with security violations and security infractions are described. Maintenance of a security education program is discussed. Also discussed are methods of handling clearance terminations, visitor control, travel to sensitive countries, and shipment security. The Technical Surveillance Countermeasures Program (TSCM), the Computer Security Program, and the Operations Security Plan (OPSEC) are examined.
Date:
June 1, 1993
Creator:
Adams, R. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The transformation of organic amines by transition metal cluster compounds. Progress report, 1992--1993
The paper reports results on the following five studies: (1) The activation of tertiary amines by osmium cluster complexes; (2) Nucleophilic ring opening of thietane ligand in metal carbonyl cluster complexes; (3) Ring opening of a nitrogen containing strained ring heterocycle by an osmium cluster complex; (4) Insertion of an alkynes into a metal-metal bond -- evidence for an intramolecular insertion with a trans-stereochemistry; and (5) Cyclobutyne -- the ligand. Plans for future research are also briefly discussed. Two studies are planned: (1) studies of the synthesis and reactivity of strained ring ligands in metal cluster compounds; and (2) studies of the reactivity of dimetallic complexes with alkynes.
Date:
January 1, 1993
Creator:
Adams, R. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Intra-building telecommunications cabling standards for Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico
This document establishes a working standard for all telecommunications cable installations at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico. It is based on recent national commercial cabling standards. The topics addressed are Secure and Open/Restricted Access telecommunications environments and both twisted-pair and optical-fiber components of communications media. Some of the state-of-the-art technologies that will be supported by the intrabuilding cable infrastructure are Circuit and Packet Switched Networks (PBX/5ESS Voice and Low-Speed Data), Local Area Networks (Ethernet, Token Ring, Fiber and Copper Distributed Data Interface), and Wide Area Networks (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). These technologies can be delivered to every desk and can transport data at rates sufficient to support all existing applications (such as Voice, Text and graphics, Still Images, Full-motion Video), as well as applications to be defined in the future.
Date:
August 1, 1993
Creator:
Adams, R. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Standard testing procedures for optical fiber and unshielded twisted pair at Sandia National Laboratories
This document will establish a working standard for testing optical fiber and unshielded twisted pair cables included in the Lab-wide telecommunications cabling system. The purpose of these standard testing procedures is to deliver to all Sandians a reliable, low-maintenance, state-of-the-art, ubiquitous telecommunications cabling infrastructure capable of satisfying all current and future telecommunication needs.
Date:
November 1993
Creator:
Adams, R. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of a CdTe gamma-ray spectrometer to remote characterization of high-level radioactive waste tanks
Small, shielded cadmium telluride (CdTe) semiconductor gamma-ray detectors have been used for in situ radiological characterization of underground high-level radioactive waste tanks. Remote measurements have been made in gamma radiation fields up to 700 R/h. Spectral data have been used to generate qualitative and quantitative radionuclide profiles of high-level radioactive waste tanks. Two electronic spectral enhancement techniques (pulse risetime discrimination and pulse risetime compensation) have been used in order to measure trace isotopes with photopeak energies greater than 662keV in the presence of large amounts of {sup 137}Cs. Spectral resolution of 1.5% for the {sup 137}Cs 662 keV photopeak has been obtained.
Date:
April 1, 1993
Creator:
Addleman, R. S.; Blewett, G. R.; Keele, B. D.; McClellan, C. S.; Subrahmanyam, V. B. & Troyer, G. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiological safety evaluation for a Waste Transfer Facility at Savannah River Site
This paper provides a review of the radiological safety evaluation performed for a Waste Transfer Facility (WTF) located at the Savannah River Site (SRS). This facility transfers liquid radioactive waste between various waste processing facilities and waste storage facilities. The WTF includes functional components such as the diversion box and the pump pits, waste transfer lines, and the outside yard service piping and electrical services. The WSRC methodology is used to evaluate the consequences of postulated accidents that result in the release of radioactive material. Such accidents include transfer line breaks, underground liquid pathway release, fire in pump tank cells and HEPA filters, accidents due to natural phenomena, and externally induced events. Chemical hazards accidents are not considered. The analysis results indicate that the calculated mean onsite and offsite radiological consequences are bounded by the corresponding WSRC dose limits for each accident considered. Moreover, the results show that the maximum onsite and offsite doses calculated for the WTF are lower than the maximum doses determined for the whole radioactive waste facility where the WTF is located.
Date:
October 1, 1993
Creator:
Ades, M. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Critical Protection Item classification for a waste processing facility at Savannah River Site
This paper describes the methodology for Critical Protection Item (CPI) classification and its application to the Structures, Systems and Components (SSC) of a waste processing facility at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The WSRC methodology for CPI classification includes the evaluation of the radiological and non-radiological consequences resulting from postulated accidents at the waste processing facility and comparison of these consequences with allowable limits. The types of accidents considered include explosions and fire in the facility and postulated accidents due to natural phenomena, including earthquakes, tornadoes, and high velocity straight winds. The radiological analysis results indicate that CPIs are not required at the waste processing facility to mitigate the consequences of radiological release. The non-radiological analysis, however, shows that the Waste Storage Tank (WST) and the dike spill containment structures around the formic acid tanks in the cold chemical feed area and waste treatment area of the facility should be identified as CPIs. Accident mitigation options are provided and discussed.
Date:
October 1, 1993
Creator:
Ades, M. J. & Garrett, R. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Critical Protection Item Classification for a waste processing facility at Savannah River Site. Revision 1
As a part of its compliance with the Department of Energy requirements for safety of nuclear facilities at the Savannah River Site (SRS), Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) assigns functional classifications to structures, systems and components (SSCs). As a result, changes in design, operations, maintenance, testing, and inspections of SSCs are performed and backfit requirements are established. This paper describes the Critical Protection Item (CPI) Classification for waste processing facility (WPF) at SRS. The descriptions of the WPF and the processes considered are provided elsewhere. The proposed CPI classification methodology includes the evaluation of the onsite radiological consequences, and the onsite and offsite non-radiological consequences from postulated accidents at the WPF, and comparison of these consequences with allowable frequency-dependent limits. When allowable limits are exceeded, CPIs are identified for accident mitigation.
Date:
December 31, 1993
Creator:
Ades, M. J. & Garrett, R. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of a cost-effective environmental compliance technology for stripper well brines. Quarterly report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993
In order to demonstrate to the EPA that brines from both stripper oil and marginal gas wells in the Appalachian Basin are capable of being treated and disposed of by discharge to streams in an environmentally safe manner, the existing research effort on stripper oil well brines will be continued and expanded to examine the range of brines produced from marginal gas wells. The specific object of the research is to demonstrate that the characteristics of wastewater from stripper oil wells and marginal gas wells are sufficiently similar to be treated under a standardized treatment methodology, that the environmental impacts of the discharge of treated brines from both stripper oil and marginal gas wells can be adequately regulated, and that the inclusion of marginal gas wells in the same category as stripper oil wells is appropriate, especially for wells operating in the Appalachian Basin.
Date:
December 31, 1993
Creator:
Adewumi, M. A. & Watson, R. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Procedures for measuring the properties of heat-pipe wick materials
Accurate measurements of wick properties must be available to design high-performance beat pipes and to properly interpret results from heat pipe tests. In a program that is aimed at developing heat-pipe receivers for solar-Stirling electric systems, we have recently explored procedures to measure the effective pore radius and permeability of wick materials in their final ``as fabricated`` condition. Measurement techniques are compared in this paper and problems that are frequently encountered in measuring wick properties are discussed.
Date:
July 1, 1993
Creator:
Adkins, D. R. & Dykhuizen, R. C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Instrumentation and Controls Division, Technical Support Department Management Plan, FY 1993--FY 1996
This report describes the organization, key functions, and major activities of the Technical Support Department The Department is the programmatic support element of the Instrumentation and Controls Division. The Department`s primary focus is the support of existing equipment and systems at Oak Ridge National Laboratory that are generally characterized as instrumentation and controls. The support takes the form of repair, calibration, fabrication, field engineering, preventive maintenance, software support, and record keeping.
Date:
August 1, 1993
Creator:
Adkisson, B. P.; Kunselman, C. W.; Effler, R. P.; Miller, D. R.; Millet, A. J. & Stansberry, C. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library