Carbonaceous aerosols from prescribed burning of a boreal forest ecosystem (open access)

Carbonaceous aerosols from prescribed burning of a boreal forest ecosystem

The identity and ambient mass concentrations of radiatively important carbonaceous aerosols were measured for a boreal forest prescribed burn conducted in northern Ontario, CAN in August 1989. Nonsize-segregated airborne particles were collected for smoldering-fire and full-fire conditions using a helicopter sampling platform. Total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were measured. Smoke plume mass concentrations of the OC and EC particles were greatest for full-fire conditions and had ranges of 1.560 to 2.160 mg/m{sup {minus}1} (OC) and 0.120 to 0.160 mg/m{sup {minus}3} (EC) with OC:EC ratios of 10 to 18, respectively. Smoldering fire conditions showed smoke plume OC and EC levels of 0.570--1.030 mg/m{sup {minus}3} (OC) and 0.006--0.050 mg/m{sup {minus}3} (EC) and much higher ratios of OC:EC (21 to 95). These aerosol data indicate the formation of EC particles is greatest during full-fire combustion of boreal forest material relative to smoldering combustion. However, EC particles comprise a minor fraction of the particulate carbon smoke aerosols for both full-fire and smoldering conditions; the major component of carbonaceous smoke aerosols emitted during the prescribed burn is OC. Overall, the OC and EC in-plume smoke aerosol data show nonuniform production of these particles during various stages of the prescribed burn, …
Date: October 1, 1990
Creator: Mazurek, M. A.; Cofer, W. R., III & Levine, J. S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Carbonaceous aerosols from prescribed burning of a boreal forest ecosystem. Revision (open access)

Carbonaceous aerosols from prescribed burning of a boreal forest ecosystem. Revision

The identity and ambient mass concentrations of radiatively important carbonaceous aerosols were measured for a boreal forest prescribed burn conducted in northern Ontario, CAN in August 1989. Nonsize-segregated airborne particles were collected for smoldering-fire and full-fire conditions using a helicopter sampling platform. Total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were measured. Smoke plume mass concentrations of the OC and EC particles were greatest for full-fire conditions and had ranges of 1.560 to 2.160 mg/m{sup {minus}1} (OC) and 0.120 to 0.160 mg/m{sup {minus}3} (EC) with OC:EC ratios of 10 to 18, respectively. Smoldering fire conditions showed smoke plume OC and EC levels of 0.570--1.030 mg/m{sup {minus}3} (OC) and 0.006--0.050 mg/m{sup {minus}3} (EC) and much higher ratios of OC:EC (21 to 95). These aerosol data indicate the formation of EC particles is greatest during full-fire combustion of boreal forest material relative to smoldering combustion. However, EC particles comprise a minor fraction of the particulate carbon smoke aerosols for both full-fire and smoldering conditions; the major component of carbonaceous smoke aerosols emitted during the prescribed burn is OC. Overall, the OC and EC in-plume smoke aerosol data show nonuniform production of these particles during various stages of the prescribed burn, …
Date: October 1, 1990
Creator: Mazurek, M. A.; Cofer, W. R., III & Levine, J. S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Stabilization of compactible waste (open access)

Stabilization of compactible waste

This report summarizes the results of series of experiments performed to determine the feasibility of stabilizing compacted or compactible waste with polymers. The need for this work arose from problems encountered at disposal sites attributed to the instability of this waste in disposal. These studies are part of an experimental program conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) investigating methods for the improved solidification/stabilization of DOE low-level wastes. The approach taken in this study was to perform a series of survey type experiments using various polymerization systems to find the most economical and practical method for further in-depth studies. Compactible dry bulk waste was stabilized with two different monomer systems: styrene-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) and polyester-styrene, in laboratory-scale experiments. Stabilization was accomplished by wetting or soaking compactible waste (before or after compaction) with monomers, which were subsequently polymerized. Three stabilization methods are described. One involves the in-situ treatment of compacted waste with monomers in which a vacuum technique is used to introduce the binder into the waste. The second method involves the alternate placement and compaction of waste and binder into a disposal container. In the third method, the waste is treated before compaction by wetting the waste with the binder using …
Date: September 1, 1990
Creator: Franz, E. M.; Heiser, J. H., III & Colombo, P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reduction of multielement mass spectra (open access)

Reduction of multielement mass spectra

Even though the spectra obtained by inductively coupled plasma source spectrometry (ICP-MS) are relatively simple, their interpretation can be complicated by the presence of molecular and isobaric interferants. To the extent that isotopic abundances are known and constant, one can treat observed spectra as sums of known components. A linear decomposition approach for determining the concentrations of the components in a spectrum and correctly propagating uncertainties is presented. This technique differs from linear regression in that an exact fit is made to a subset of isotopes and goodness-of-fit is evaluated from the deviations between the predicted and measured intensities of the other, unfit isotopes. This technique can be applied to a wide range of spectral fitting problems. In this paper, its applicability to ICP-MS spectra is used to demonstrate the use and utility of the technique. 2 refs., 9 figs.
Date: June 29, 1990
Creator: Russ, G. P., III; Caffee, M.W.; Hudson, G.B. & Storch, N.A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Operation of inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometers in the peak jumping mode (open access)

Operation of inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometers in the peak jumping mode

Operating any spectrometer in a peak-jumping rather than scanning mode improves the fraction of data collection time spent monitoring peaks of interest. This results in improved sensitivity. Several problems with the use of peak jumping with the VG Elemental Plasmaquad inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) are discussed. Software and hardware changes installed to overcome these limitations are presented. Of particular importance, is the identification of limitations on peak-jumping speed and the need for built in delays (>0.5 msec) to allow for the response time of the quadrupole's electronics.
Date: March 15, 1990
Creator: Russ, G. P., III & Hunt, G.F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Dose rate dependence of the optical absorption of Cu implanted silica (open access)

Dose rate dependence of the optical absorption of Cu implanted silica

High purity silica (Spectrosil) samples were implanted with Cu at doses from 0.5 {times} 10{sup 16} to 6.0 {times} 10{sup 16} ions/cm{sup 2}. Samples implanted to a dose of 6.0 {times} 10{sup 16} ions/cm{sup 2} were implanted at dose rates of 7.5, 5, 2.6, and 0.7 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}. Some samples were implanted with smaller total doses at dose rates of 7.5 and 2.5 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}. Backscattering measurements determined the concentration of implanted ions as a function of dose and depth. The optical absorption, measured from 1.8 to 6.0 eV at room temperatures, was observed to increase with increasing dose rate in samples implanted with a total dose {ge}3.0 {times} 10{sup 16} ions/cm{sup 2}. We attribute the increase in optical absorption at energies between 2 and 5 eV with dose in these samples to the formation of spherical copper colloids of various diameters. The peak at 2.2 eV that forms at dose levels {ge}3.0 {times} 10{sup 16} was observed to increase nonlinearly with dose rate. We attribute this peak to the formation of prolate copper spheroids with an aspect ratio of {approximately}2. We suggest that the dose rate dependence is due to localized heating which increases with increased dose rate. Samples …
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Zuhr, R. H.; Magruder, R. H., III & Weeks, R. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thermal analysis of the FSP-1 fuel pin irradiation test (open access)

Thermal analysis of the FSP-1 fuel pin irradiation test

Thermal analysis of a pin from the FSP-1 fuels irradiation test has been completed. The purpose of the analysis was to provide predictions of fuel pin temperatures, determine the flow regime within the lithium annulus of the test assembly, and provide a standardized model for a consistent basis of comparison between pins within the test assembly. The calculations have predicted that the pin is operating at slightly above the test design temperatures and that the flow regime within the lithium annulus is a laminar buoyancy driven flow. 7 refs., 5 figs.
Date: July 25, 1990
Creator: Lyon, W. F., III
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Automated spike preparation system for Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS) (open access)

Automated spike preparation system for Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS)

Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS) is a method frequently employed to measure dissolved, irradiated nuclear materials. A known quantity of a unique isotope of the element to be measured (referred to as the spike'') is added to the solution containing the analyte. The resulting solution is chemically purified then analyzed by mass spectrometry. By measuring the magnitude of the response for each isotope and the response for the unique spike'' then relating this to the known quantity of the spike'', the quantity of the nuclear material can be determined. An automated spike preparation system was developed at the Savannah River Site (SRS) to dispense spikes for use in IDMS analytical methods. Prior to this development, technicians weighed each individual spike manually to achieve the accuracy required. This procedure was time-consuming and subjected the master stock solution to evaporation. The new system employs a high precision SMI Model 300 Unipump dispenser interfaced with an electronic balance and a portable Epson HX-20 notebook computer to automate spike preparation.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Maxwell, S. L., III & Clark, J. P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Automated spike preparation system for Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS) (open access)

Automated spike preparation system for Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS)

Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS) is a method frequently employed to measure dissolved, irradiated nuclear materials. A known quantity of a unique isotope of the element to be measured (referred to as the ``spike``) is added to the solution containing the analyte. The resulting solution is chemically purified then analyzed by mass spectrometry. By measuring the magnitude of the response for each isotope and the response for the ``unique spike`` then relating this to the known quantity of the ``spike``, the quantity of the nuclear material can be determined. An automated spike preparation system was developed at the Savannah River Site (SRS) to dispense spikes for use in IDMS analytical methods. Prior to this development, technicians weighed each individual spike manually to achieve the accuracy required. This procedure was time-consuming and subjected the master stock solution to evaporation. The new system employs a high precision SMI Model 300 Unipump dispenser interfaced with an electronic balance and a portable Epson HX-20 notebook computer to automate spike preparation.
Date: December 31, 1990
Creator: Maxwell, S. L., III & Clark, J. P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gauss elimination: A case study on parallel machines (open access)

Gauss elimination: A case study on parallel machines

We report our experiences with the Gauss elimination algorithm on several parallel machines. Several different software designs are demonstrated, ranging from a simple shared memory implementation to use of a message passing programming model. In this work we find that the efficient use of local memory is critical to obtaining good performance on scalable machines. Machines with large coherent caches appear to require the least software effort in order to obtain effective performance. 3 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Date: November 1, 1990
Creator: Warren, K. H. & Brooks, E. D., III
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of modified sulfur cement and hydraulic cement for encapsulation of radioactive and mixed wastes (open access)

Comparison of modified sulfur cement and hydraulic cement for encapsulation of radioactive and mixed wastes

The majority of solidification/stabilization systems for low-level radioactive waste (LLW) and mixed waste, both in the commercial sector and at Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, utilize hydraulic cement (such as portland cement) to encapsulate waste materials and yield a monolithic solid waste form for disposal. A new and innovative process utilizing modified sulfur cement developed by the US Bureau of Mines has been applied at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the encapsulation of many of these problem'' wastes. Modified sulfur cement is a thermoplastic material, and as such, it can be heated above it's melting point (120{degree}C), combined with dry waste products to form a homogeneous mixture, and cooled to form a monolithic solid product. Under sponsorship of the DOE, research and development efforts at BNL have successfully applied the modified sulfur cement process for treatment of a range of LLWs including sodium sulfate salts, boric acid salts, and incinerator bottom ash and for mixed waste contaminated incinerator fly ash. Process development studies were conducted to determine optimal waste loadings for each waste type. Property evaluation studies were conducted to test waste form behavior under disposal conditions by applying relevant performance testing criteria established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (for …
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Kalb, P. D.; Heiser, J. H., III & Colombo, P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Encapsulation of mixed radioactive and hazardous waste contaminated incinerator ash in modified sulfur cement (open access)

Encapsulation of mixed radioactive and hazardous waste contaminated incinerator ash in modified sulfur cement

Some of the process waste streams incinerated at various Department of Energy (DOE) facilities contain traces of both low-level radioactive (LLW) and hazardous constituents, thus yielding ash residues that are classified as mixed waste. Work is currently being performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to develop new and innovative materials for encapsulation of DOE mixed wastes including incinerator ash. One such material under investigation is modified sulfur cement, a thermoplastic developed by the US Bureau of Mines. Monolithic waste forms containing as much as 55 wt % incinerator fly ash from Idaho national Engineering Laboratory (INEL) have been formulated with modified sulfur cement, whereas maximum waste loading for this waste in hydraulic cement is 16 wt %. Compressive strength of these waste forms exceeded 27.6 MPa. Wet chemical and solid phase waste characterization analyses performed on this fly ash revealed high concentrations of soluble metal salts including Pb and Cd, identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as toxic metals. Leach testing of the ash according to the EPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) resulted in concentrations of Pb and Cd above allowable limits. Encapsulation of INEL fly ash in modified sulfur cement with a small quantity of sodium sulfide …
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Kalb, P. D.; Heiser, J. H., III & Colombo, P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of remote disassembly technology for liquid-metal reactor (LMR) fuel (open access)

Development of remote disassembly technology for liquid-metal reactor (LMR) fuel

A major objective of the Consolidated Fuel Reprocessing Program (CFRP) is to develop equipment and demonstrate technology to reprocess fast breeder reactor fuel. Experimental work on fuel disassembly cutting methods began in the 1970s. High-power laser cutting was selected as the preferred cutting method for fuel disassembly. Remotely operated development equipment was designed, fabricated, installed, and tested at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Development testing included remote automatic operation, remote maintenance testing, and laser cutting process development. This paper summarizes the development work performed at ORNL on remote fuel disassembly. 2 refs., 1 fig.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Bradley, E. C.; Evans, J. H.; Metz, C. F., III & Weil, B. S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Studying oxygen vacancies in ceramics by perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy (open access)

Studying oxygen vacancies in ceramics by perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy

Perturbed angular correlation measurements in tetragonal and cubic zirconia and in ceria are described. A physically reasonable and self-consistent interpretation of these data implies that oxygen vacancies are trapped at a second neighbor position by Cd in tetragonal zirconia and by In in ceria. For Cd in tetragonal zirconia, the vacancy trap energy is found to be 0.44 eV, and the energy barrier between adjacent trap sites is approximately 0.8 eV. The activation energy of an oxygen vacancy hopping between trap sites around {sup 111}Cd in ceria is found to be 0.55 eV. The activation energy for oxygen vacancy hopping in cubic zirconia, as detected by {sup 181}Ta PAC, is about 1.0 eV and independent of the Y concentration. 12 refs., 4 figs.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Su, Han-Tzong; Wang, Ruiping; Fuchs, H.; Gardner, J. A.; Evenson, W. E. & Sommers, J. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The OZI rule: A unique selector of glueballs and hadron spectroscopy (open access)

The OZI rule: A unique selector of glueballs and hadron spectroscopy

In the first part of this talk I have reviewed the history of the OZI rule. I then have shown how it is a unique selector glueballs and new quarks in hadron spectroscopy. In particular the only glueball candidates which cannot be explained by other hypotheses within QCD are the I{sup G}J{sup PC} = 0{sup +}2{sup ++} g{sub T}(2010), g{sub T},(2300) and g{sub T{double prime}}(2340) observed in the OZI suppressed reaction {pi}{sup {minus}} p {yields} {phi}{phi}n. The narrowness of the J/{psi} and T can only be explained by OZI suppression. I then reminisced about the 1954 Rochester Conference in which our work on {pi}{sup {plus minus}}p total cross sections and {pi}{sup {plus minus}} production combined gave convincing evidence for the delta being the first resonance. Described how the 1964 Dubna Conference results on small angle {pi}{sup {plus minus}}p elastic scattering led to the first critical experimental check of the pion-nucleon forward dispersion relations which showed that the basic axions of modern field theory worked on strong interactions at high energies. I finally reminisced about glueballs in the 1982 and 1988 Rochester Conferences. 52 refs., 17 figs., 3 tabs.
Date: August 6, 1990
Creator: Lindenbaum, S. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Neutron Source Cross Section Libraries (ANSL-V): ENDF/B-V based multigroup cross-section libraries for advanced neutron source (ANS) reactor studies (open access)

Advanced Neutron Source Cross Section Libraries (ANSL-V): ENDF/B-V based multigroup cross-section libraries for advanced neutron source (ANS) reactor studies

Pseudo-problem-independent, multigroup cross-section libraries were generated to support Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) Reactor design studies. The ANS is a proposed reactor which would be fueled with highly enriched uranium and cooled with heavy water. The libraries, designated ANSL-V (Advanced Neutron Source Cross Section Libraries based on ENDF/B-V), are data bases in AMPX master format for subsequent generation of problem-dependent cross-sections for use with codes such as KENO, ANISN, XSDRNPM, VENTURE, DOT, DORT, TORT, and MORSE. Included in ANSL-V are 99-group and 39-group neutron, 39-neutron-group 44-gamma-ray-group secondary gamma-ray production (SGRP), 44-group gamma-ray interaction (GRI), and coupled, 39-neutron group 44-gamma-ray group (CNG) cross-section libraries. The neutron and SGRP libraries were generated primarily from ENDF/B-V data; the GRI library was generated from DLC-99/HUGO data, which is recognized as the ENDF/B-V photon interaction data. Modules from the AMPX and NJOY systems were used to process the multigroup data. Validity of selected data from the fine- and broad-group neutron libraries was satisfactorily tested in performance parameter calculations.
Date: September 1, 1990
Creator: Ford, W. E., III; Arwood, J. W.; Greene, N. M.; Moses, D. L.; Petrie, L. M.; Primm, R. T., III et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Confirming the Lanchestrian linear-logarithmic model of attrition (open access)

Confirming the Lanchestrian linear-logarithmic model of attrition

This paper is the fourth in a series of reports on the breakthrough research in historical validation of attrition in conflict. Significant defense policy decisions, including weapons acquisition and arms reduction, are based in part on models of conflict. Most of these models are driven by their attrition algorithms, usually forms of the Lanchester square and linear laws. None of these algorithms have been validated. The results of this paper confirm the results of earlier papers, using a large database of historical results. The homogeneous linear-logarithmic Lanchestrian attrition model is validated to the extent possible with current initial and final force size data and is consistent with the Iwo Jima data. A particular differential linear-logarithmic model is described that fits the data very well. A version of Helmbold's victory predicting parameter is also confirmed, with an associated probability function. 37 refs., 73 figs., 68 tabs.
Date: December 1, 1990
Creator: Hartley, D. S., III
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mechanical and microstructural response of Ni sub 3 Al at high strain rate and elevated temperatures (open access)

Mechanical and microstructural response of Ni sub 3 Al at high strain rate and elevated temperatures

In this paper, the effect of strain rate and temperature on the substructure evolution and mechanical response of Ni{sub 3}Al will be presented. The strain rate response of Ni{sub 3}Al was studied at strain rates from 10{sup {minus}3} s{sup {minus}1} (quasi-static) to 10{sup 4} s{sup {minus}1} using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. The Hopkinson Bar tests were conducted at temperatures ranging from 77K to 1273K. At high strain rates the flow strength increased significantly with increasing temperature, similar to the behavior observed at quasi-static rates. The work hardening rates increased with strain rate and varied with temperatures. The work hardening rates, appeared to be significantly higher than those found for Ni270. The substructure evolution was characterized utilizing TEM. The defect generation and rate sensitivity of Ni{sub 3}Al are also discussed as a function of strain rate and temperature. 15 refs., 4 figs.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Sizek, H. W. & Gray, G. T., III
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Influence of strain rate on the structure/property of Ti-48Al-1V (open access)

Influence of strain rate on the structure/property of Ti-48Al-1V

While the influence of strain rate on the structure/property response of pure titanium and a variety of titanium alloys has been extensively studied, the effect of strain rate on the stress-strain and deformation response of titanium aluminides remains largely unknown. In this paper, a preliminary study of the effect of strain rate and temperature on the substructure evolution and mechanical response of a (48Al-1V)TiAl alloy is presented. The compressive true stress-true strain response of Ti-48Al-1V was found to depend on both the applied strain rate, varied between 0.001 and 7500 s{sup {minus}1}, and the test temperature, varied between 25 and 700{degree}C. The rate of strain hardening in Ti-48Al-1V is seen to increase with increasing strain rate. The substructure evolution of Ti-48Al-1V was observed to depend on the applied strain rate and temperature of deformation. The substructure of Ti-48Al-1V deformed to {var epsilon} = 0.20 at 0.001 s{sup {minus}1} at 25{degree}C was seen to consist of predominately random dislocation debris and isolated grains containing a high density of stacking faults. The majority of the dislocations appear to be (111) 1/2{l angle}110{r angle} unit type ordinary dislocations which is consistent with previous observations on Ti-48Al. Increasing the rate of deformation at room …
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Gray, G. T., III
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The influence of shock pre-strain and peak pressure on spall behavior of 4340 steel (open access)

The influence of shock pre-strain and peak pressure on spall behavior of 4340 steel

A fundamental study of the influence of peak stress amplitude and pre-strain on the spall fracture of pearlitic 4340 steel is presented. Spall tests were performed at projectile velocities to achieve approximately 5, 10 and 15 GPa peak stress amplitudes. Some spall tests were preceded by a pre-shock and recovery test at 10 and 15 GPa. Spall strength measurements suggest that there is a decrease in the spall strength of 4340 with an increase in the shock wave amplitude as the transition pressure of 13.1 GPa is approached. At this transition pressure, a substantial increase in the spall strength, as well as a change in a mode of fracture from brittle to ductile are observed, both attributed to the allotropic phase transformation at this amplitude. 18 refs., 4 figs.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Zurek, A. K.; Frantz, C. E. & Gray, G. T., III
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
810 Future plans (open access)

810 Future plans

It is believed that a good bet for finding the Quark-Gluon Plasma at AGS energies is with the heaviest projectiles on the heaviest target, i.e. Au on Au. One of the likely signatures of the plasma is strangeness enhancement. Al Saulys has shown what it's like to find {Delta} and K{degree} with Si projectiles. Our Monte Carlo simulations show track densities 4 times higher for Au projectiles. In addition, the Au beam itself produces 30 times more ionization. Thus the present TPC's will be limited to only a few hundred ions per sec. This paper discusses plans for these experiments and modification to TPC. 9 figs.
Date: March 27, 1990
Creator: Etkin, A.; Foley, K. J.; Hackenburg, R. W.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Morris, T. W. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Measurements of the heating beam deposition profile in TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) (open access)

Measurements of the heating beam deposition profile in TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor)

The calculated heating-beam deposition profile is experimentally verified for a variety of target plasma densities for the first time. The calculation of the heating-beam deposition is found to be consistent with the measurement for the discharges without MHD activity. It is also demonstrated that the radial electron flux is unchanged from the ohmic phase to the initial auxiliary heating phase ({le}100 msec).
Date: August 1, 1990
Creator: Park, H. K.; Barnes, Cris, W.; Budny, R.; Taylor, G. & Zarnstorff, M.C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An initial comparison of pitting resistance of alloys for potential geothermal applications (open access)

An initial comparison of pitting resistance of alloys for potential geothermal applications

In order to use the energy available from geothermal sources, brines of a variety of compositions and temperatures have to be handled. Much of the hardware has consisted of metals, such as used in casings, pipes, valves, turbines, heat exchangers and others. When the pH is not very acid, and oxygen is absent, the brines are not very corrosive. However, there are instances where conditions cause accelerated corrosion. The present work was undertaken to examine one particular form of corrosion, pitting, which is encountered fairly often, and causes early failures in many industries because it is so localized. A number of alloys have been examined in the laboratory for their resistance to pitting corrosion in chloride media. The electrochemical procedure of determining pitting potentials was used. It was found that the most meaningful results could be obtained by increasing the aggressiveness of the test solutions as the resistance to localized attack of individual members of the series of alloys increased. The outcome of the experiments was the creation of a ranking of a large number of alloys according to their performance in the laboratory test program. The range of materials tested include carbon steel at the low end, with Hastelloy …
Date: May 1, 1990
Creator: van Rooyen, D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (open access)

The Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility

The Accelerator Test Facility (ATF), presently under construction at Brookhaven National laboratory, is described. It consists of a 50-MeV electron beam synchronizable to a high-peak power CO{sub 2} laser. The interaction of electrons with the laser field will be probed, with some emphasis on exploring laser-based acceleration techniques. 5 refs., 2 figs.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Batchelor, K.; Ben-Zvi, Ilan; Fernow, R. C.; Fischer, J.; Fisher, A. S.; Gallardo, J. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library