To forecast the ecological impact of global change, research initiatives are needed on the explicit role of humans in ecological systems, and on how ecological processes functioning at different spatial and temporal scales are coupled. Furthermore, to synthesize the results of ecological research for Congress, policymakers, and the general public, a new agency, called the United States Ecological Survey (USES) is urgently required. Also, a national commitment to environmental health, as exemplified by establishing a National Institutes of the Environment (NIE), should be a goal.

An improvement over prior compositions wherein the ductility of Ni-Si alloys are improved with minor alloying additions of hafnium or zirconium.

Slagging combustors with injected lime or limestone are being considered as replacements for conventional coal burners. They have advantages in that they can be staged to reduce NO{sub x} and SO{sub X} emissions. Iron oxide, as an alternative to lime or limestone may be effective not only as a desulfurizing agent, but, under the right conditions of oxygen potential, it can act as a flux to produce a glassy slag. This glassy slag should be dense and environmentally inert. In this reporting period, the thermodynamic conditions for the operation of the first stage of a combustor operating on a Illinois No. 2 Coal have been examined with respect to the formation of the four phase equilibrium: FeO(wustite)/Fe/liquid/gas over the temperature 950{degrees} to 1300{degrees}C. The minimum dosages of iron oxide which are required at equilibrium and the calculated maximum percent sulfur removal are reported. Also given are the expected pounds of So, per million Btu of heat evolution calculated for complete combustion. These preliminary results indicate that higher temperatures, in the range studied, give better results approaching 96 percent sulfur removal from a coal containing (on a dry basis) 3.29% by weight sulfur. A comparison is made between iron oxide and …

Reassembly of the inner pressure vessel of a seventeen foot diameter by ten foot long double wall toroidal shaped vessel in which each vessel consists of two concentric cylinders which are capped at each end by an annular dished head. Attached drawing 1, 2, 3, and 4 (all Revision 1) show the repair work items. The work covered by this data report applies only to the inner pressure vessel (See Item 8 remarks) . These work items are: (1) Two circumferential weld seams ( Seams A and G on attached drawing 2) of the north end annular dished head. (2) Two circumferential weld seams (Seam C and F on attached drawing 2) of the south end annular dished head. (3) Rerolling and rewelding of the vertical seam of the 64 3/8 inch nominal inside diameter tube (seam L on attached drawing 2) (4) Welding of the two dust catchers inside the inner pressure vessel (Seams Nand 0 on attached drawing 2). The dust catchers are attachments to pressure parts and were supplied by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. (5) Welding of the outer tube of the beam bypass tube (Seams I and K on attached drawing 3).

Fe substitution for Cu in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub y} can give information about the local environment on the two crystallographic Cu sites through Mossbauer effect measurements. In this paper, we explore the possibility of forcing larger amounts of Fe onto the Cu (2) site which represents the CuO planes. At values near y = 6, the chain Cu (1) site is characteristic for Cu{sup +} in its linear 0 coordination and should preclude Fe occupation. We therefore prepared materials at elevated temperatures under N{sub 2} where y {approximately}6. Oxygenation to y {approximately}7 was achieved at temperatures where metal diffusion is minimized. We used Mossbauer spectroscopy to determine the Fe site occupancy. Site preference can be expressed in terms of a distribution ratio r = MCul/ MCu2. Creating materials with low r allows studying the effects of spatially constrained Fe on T{sub c}, separating influences from the spatially more complex Cu (1) site.

With a new generation of high performance computers appearing around us on a time scale of months, a new challenge for developers of simulation codes is to write and maintain production codes that are both highly portable and maximally efficient. My contention is that C is the language that is both best suited to that goal and is widely available today. GLF is a new code written mainly in C which is intended to have all of the XRASER physics and run on any platform of interest. It demonstrates the power of the C paradigm for code developers and flexibility and ease of use for the users. Three fundamental problems are discussed: the C/UNIX development environment; the supporting tools and libraries which handle data and graphics portability issues; and the advantages of C in numerical simulation code development.

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Superplastic forming of Ti-6Al-4V was investigated with three heats of material to examine the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic variables on strain rate sensitivity and flow stress. Tension tests with strain rate jumps and step strain rate tests were used to determine the effects of strain rate, strain, and temperature on strain rate sensitivity of Ti-6Al-4V. Superplastic forming of Ti-6Al-4V is strongly influenced by deformation temperature. The uniform elongation and the strain rate sensitivity were maximized at 900{degree}C in the temperature range tested. In the strain rate range tested, strain rate sensitivity increased slightly as the strain rate decreased. In examining the results, it was apparent that at high strains, grain growth decreased strain rate sensitivity. This decrease was a strong function of temperature, which minimized at 875{degree}C. The strong dependence of superplastic behavior on temperature can be related to relative amounts of alpha and beta in the microstructure, as shown in the model for superplastic deformation of Ti-6Al-4V.

In the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring, the tapered sections are considered to be the main contributor to the transverse impedance. The large tube represents the beam chamber, and the small one the insertion device section. Both are connected by a tapered transition with angle {theta}. This note presents a power law dependence of the transverse loss factor on the taper angle for this structure.

The Pennsylvania State University is conducting a superclean coal-water slurry (SCCWS) program for the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania with the objective of demonstrating the capability of effectively firing SCCWS in industrial boilers designed for oil. Penn State has entered into a cooperative agreement with DOE to determine if SCCWS (a fuel containing coal with less than 3% ash and 0.9% sulfur) can effectively be burned in oil-designed industrial boilers without adverse impact on boiler rating, maintainability, reliability, and availability. The project will provide information on the design of new systems specifically configured to fire these clean coal-based fuels. The project consists of three phases: (1) design, permitting, and test planning, (2) construction and start up, and (3) operations and disposition. The boiler testing will determine if the SCCWS combustion characteristics, heat release rate, slagging and fouling factors, erosion and corrosion limits, and fuel transport, storage, and handling can be accommodated in an oil-designed boiler. In addition, the proof-of-concept demonstration will generate data to determine how the properties of SCCWS and its parent coal affect boiler performance. Economic factors associated with retrofitting and operating boilers will be identified to assess the viability of future oil-to-coal …

The Pennsylvania State University is conducting a superclean coal-water slurry (SCCWS) program for the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania with the objective of demonstrating the capability of effectively firing SCCWS in industrial boilers designed for oil. Penn State has entered into a cooperative agreement with DOE to show that SCCWS (a fuel containing coal with less than 3% ash and 0.9% sulfur) can effectively be burned in oil-designed industrial boilers without adverse impact on boiler rating, maintainability, reliability, and availability. The project will provide information on the design of new systems specifically configured to fire these clean coal-based fuels. The project consists of three phases: (1) design, permitting, and test planning, (2) construction and start up, and (3) operations and disposition. The boiler testing will determine if the SCCWS combustion characteristics, heat release rate, slagging and fouling factors, erosion and corrosion limits, and fuel transport, storage, and handling can be accommodated in an oil-designed boiler. In addition, the proof-of-concept demonstration will generate data to determine how the properties of SCCWS and its parent coal affect boiler performance. Economic factors associated with retrofitting and operating boilers will be identified to assess the viability of future oil-to-coal …

The effective design and operation of processes for conversion of coal to fluid fuels requires accurate knowledge of the phase behavior of the fluid mixtures encountered in the conversion process. Multiple phases are present in essentially all stages of feed preparation, conversion reactions and product separation; thus, knowledge of the behavior of these multiple phases is important in each step. The overall objective of the author`s work is to develop accurate predictive methods for representation of vapor-liquid equilibria in systems encountered in coal conversion processes. 59 refs., 6 figs., 7 tabs.

The effective design and operation of processes for conversion of coal to fluid fuels requires accurate knowledge of the phase behavior of the fluid mixtures encountered in the conversion process. Multiple phases are present in essentially all stages of feed preparation, conversion reactions and product separation; thus, knowledge of the behavior of these multiple phases is important in each step. The overall objective of the author's work is to develop accurate predictive methods for representation of vapor-liquid equilibria in systems encountered in coal conversion processes. 59 refs., 6 figs., 7 tabs.

Newsletter of the Texas Bureau of Disease Control and Epidemiology discussing the news, activities, and events of the organization and other information related to health in Texas.

This is a report on German Unification and the poliitical transformations in Germany.

The Winter Fuels Report is intended to provide concise, timely information to the industry, the press, policymakers, consumers, analysts, and state and local governments on the following topics: distillate fuel oil net production, imports and stocks for all PADD's and product supplied on a US level; propane net production, imports and stocks for Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) I, II, and III; natural gas supply and disposition and underground storage for the United States and consumption for all PADD's; residential and wholesale pricing data for propane and heating oil for those states participating in the joint Energy Information Administration (EIA)/State Heating Oil and Propane Program; crude oil and petroleum price comparisons for the United States and selected cites; and US total heating degree-days by city. This report will be published weekly by the EIA starting the first week in October 1990 and will continue until the first week in April 1991. 27 figs., 12 tabs.

In the first part of this talk I have reviewed the history of the OZI rule. I then have shown how it is a unique selector glueballs and new quarks in hadron spectroscopy. In particular the only glueball candidates which cannot be explained by other hypotheses within QCD are the I{sup G}J{sup PC} = 0{sup +}2{sup ++} g{sub T}(2010), g{sub T},(2300) and g{sub T{double prime}}(2340) observed in the OZI suppressed reaction {pi}{sup {minus}} p {yields} {phi}{phi}n. The narrowness of the J/{psi} and T can only be explained by OZI suppression. I then reminisced about the 1954 Rochester Conference in which our work on {pi}{sup {plus minus}}p total cross sections and {pi}{sup {plus minus}} production combined gave convincing evidence for the delta being the first resonance. Described how the 1964 Dubna Conference results on small angle {pi}{sup {plus minus}}p elastic scattering led to the first critical experimental check of the pion-nucleon forward dispersion relations which showed that the basic axions of modern field theory worked on strong interactions at high energies. I finally reminisced about glueballs in the 1982 and 1988 Rochester Conferences. 52 refs., 17 figs., 3 tabs.