The Filter Compartment (FC) in this analysis is a generic reactor airborne activity confinement filter compartment which possesses all the essential physical and mechanical properties of the Savannah River Site (SRS) confinement filters of Reactor Buildings K, L, and P. The filters belong to the Airborne Activity Confinement System (AACS). These filters absorb a significant amount of radioactive effluents from the exhausting air. The seismic excitation is input indirectly from the output of the seismic analysis of the 105 exhaust stack building in the form of floor response spectra. However, the 105 exhaust stack building was analyzed for seismic motions defined by free-field ground response spectra with a ZPA (Zero Period Acceleration) of 0.2G for all three orthogonal components of ground motion and a shape consistent with USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.60. Based upon equivalent dynamic analysis of the FC, DuPont engineers suggested modifications on the existing FC with heavy I-section beams (1). The scope of this phase I'' analysis, as requested by Seismic Engineering (2), is to carry out a scoping analysis'' of Frequency Analysis and Response Spectrum Analysis of the FC with DuPont suggested conceptual modifications. Our suggestion was that the existing FC without conceptual modifications be analyzed first. …

We have made a first study of the calorimetric response to 10 GeV/c charged pions in the transition region between barrel and endcap for the scintillator-tile design pursued at Argonne National Laboratory using the simulation program ANLSIM. For (very nearly) projective tower orientations in the barrel, the crack appears deep within a narrow angular range, causing a loss of the response in that region up to 40%. Pointing the towers onto the beam axis 35 cm or more away from the nominal-interaction point leads to a shortened depth of the barrel-endcap crack as seen by particles incident from the interaction region, cutting the maximum loss down by almost one half. The worsening of the resolution follows the same trend. Introduction of a solenoidal coil in front of the calorimeter causes an overall degradation of the response by an amount nearly comparable to the effect of the crack. Electrons of the same incident momentum are more strongly affected by the coil than pions but see only a much narrower region of degradation by the crack. 15 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

In the project status report for 4/9/90--7/8/90, Table 2 presented update results of a comparative study of coal sample deterioration in several container types including foil laminate bags. This table contained an erroneous entry (foil laminate bag {minus}20 mesh, alkali extraction 65.4% transmittance). The alkali extraction test on {minus}20 mesh coal stored in foil laminate bags for 52 weeks was repeated in duplicate on another bag (after 64 weeks total storage) resulting in a measurement of 96.2% transmittance. This value has been substituted for the erroneous 65.4% value in the corrected copy of Table 2 enclosed with this report. All values of the alkali extraction and Gieseler fluidity tests indicate that the state of preservation of sample in foil laminate bags is excellent. The samples stored by other methods for comparison purposes all showed significant loss in fluid characteristics. One new whole-seam channel sample of the hvAb Pittsburgh seam coal, DECS-12, was collected July 25, 1990 in Greene County, PA. This sample was placed in 30-gallon steel barrels with high-density lid gaskets and purged with argon at the mine. Upon return to Penn State it was promptly processed so that Gieseler fluidity and other routine analyses could be performed.

This report summarizes the International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-4) which was held December 4--9, 1989, in Kyoto, Japan, as well as the results of several workshops, planning meetings, and laboratory visits made by the travelers. The ICFRM-4 is the major forum to present and exchange information on materials research and development in support of the world's fusion development efforts. About 360 papers were presented by the 347 conference attendees. Highlights of the conference are presented. A proposal by the United States to host ICFRM-5 was accepted by the International Advisory Committee. ORNL will be the host laboratory. A meeting of the DOE/JAERI Annex I Steering Committee to review the US/Japan Collaborative Testing of First Wall and Blanket Structural Materials with Mixed Spectrum Fission Reactors was held at JAERI Headquarters on December 1. The Japanese emphasized the critical importance of a resumption of HFIR operation. Even though the HFIR outage has lasted three plus years this program has continued to provide new and important data on materials behavior which has particular relevance to ITER.

The Nuclear Test and Experimental Science Program (NTES) has requested that the Laser Program design and price an upgrade to the Janus laser system (JANUS UPGRADE) capable of reliably delivering in excess of 200 joules per beamline in a range of pulse forms to three experiment areas. The facility is to have the following characteristics: three experiment areas, two high energy beams, each with 200--400 joule/1 ns at a wavelength of 1.053 or 1.064 microns, and 125--250 J/1 ns when frequency doubled, one probe beam (0.1 J rated at 30 ps) to be used for interferometry, and reliable operation. The proposed facility would occupy approximately 5600 ft{sup 2} and be located in the Bldg. 174 complex. A block diagram of the entire facility is shown in Fig. 1. The facility is further defined by the Work Breakdown Structure (also shown in Fig. 1). The main elements of the WBS are the conventional facility and modifications thereof (WBS 1), special equipment (WBS 2), the laser (WBS 3), the experiment areas (WBS 4), the controls and data acquisition system (WBS 5), and the project integration (WBS 6). The experiment area has three target chambers and uses diagnostic hardware now in Janus. 12 …

This paper incorporates concepts of unimodal and bimodal sedimentation to develop a model that accurately predicts bed expansion during particulate fluidization. During bed expansion a particle is considered to be fluidized not by the pure fluid, but by a slurry consisting of the pure fluid and other surrounding particles. The contributions of the other surrounding particles to the additional buoyant and drag forces are accounted for with the use of effective fluid or slurry properties, density and viscosity. As bed expansion proceeds, influences of the surrounding particles decrease; therefore, these effective properties are functions of the changing void fraction of the suspension. Furthermore, the expansion index, which empirically represents the degree to which viscous and inertial forces are present, is traditionally a function of a constant terminal Reynold's number. Because the effective fluid properties are considered to be changing as fluidization proceeds, the degree to which viscous and inertial forces also changes; therefore, the expansion index is written as a function of a local or intermediate Reynold's number. These concepts are further extended to bimodal fluidization in which small or light particles aid in the fluidization of the large or heavy particles. The results indicate that the proposed model more …

This paper discusses: neutrino interactions at LAMPF; parity violation in polarized ep scattering; and superconducting detector development.

Bethelehem Steel Corporation (BSC) is planning to conduct a demonstration project involving an integrated system that can be retrofitted into coke oven gas handling systems to address a variety of environmental and operational factors in a more cost-effective manner. Successful application of this technology to existing US coke plants could: (1) reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide, cyanide, and volatile organic compounds (including benzene) (2) reduce the cost and handling of processing feed chemicals, (3) disposal costs of nuisance by-products and (4) increase reliability and reduce operation/maintenance requirements for coke oven gas desulfurization systems. The proposed system will remove sulfur from the coke oven gas in the form of hydrogen sulfide using the ammonia indigenous to the gas as the primary reactive chemical. Ammonia and hydrogen cyanide are also removed in this process. The hydrogen sulfide removed from the coke oven gas in routed to a modified Claus plant for conversion to a saleable sulfur by-product. Ammonia and hydrogen cyanide will be catalytically converted to hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The tail gas from the sulfur recovery unit is recycled to the coke oven gas stream, upstream of the new gas cleaning system. The proposed demonstration project will be …

The traveler served as a member of the two-man US Nuclear Regulatory Commission sponsored team who visited the Prometey Complex in Leningrad to assess the potential for expanded cooperative research concerning integrity of the primary pressure boundary in commercial light-water reactors. The emphasis was on irradiation embrittlement, structural analysis, and fracture mechanics research for reactor pressure vessels. At the irradiation seminar in Cologne, presentations were made by German, French, Finnish, Russian, and US delegations concerning many aspects of irradiation of pressure vessel steels. The traveler made presentations on mechanisms of irradiation embrittlement and on important aspects of the Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation Program results of irradiated fracture mechanics tests.

Coal Technology Corporation (CTC) believes that the new CTC high gravity, high production, batch type centrifugal dryer technology can play a significant role in improving the product quality as well as costs of operation in coal processing plants. It is further believed that the new centrifugal dryer technology can form an important part in systems used to clean up the millions of tons of coal fines in refuse piles and ponds. It is anticipated that the new centrifuge can become an important ancillary to the advanced deep cleaning processes for coal. Because of these convictions, CTC has been engaged in a pioneering research effort into the new art of drying fine clean coal in high gravity, high production, batch type centrifuges, since 1981. This work has progressed to the point where the new centrifugal dryer technology is nearly ready for commercialization. It promises to provide needed fine coal drying capability at somewhat lower capital costs and at substantially lower operating costs than competitive systems. It also promises to do so with no detrimental effects on either the coal quality or the evironment. The primary objective of this project is to prove the concept in a commercial coal processing plant environment. …

A numerical theory for the massively parallel lattice gas and lattice Boltzmann methods for computing solutions to nonlinear advective-diffusive systems is introduced. The convergence theory is based on consistency and stability arguments that are supported by the discrete Chapman-Enskog expansion (for consistency) and conditions of monotonicity (in establishing stability). The theory is applied to four lattice methods: Two of the methods are for some two-dimensional nonlinear diffusion equations. One of the methods is for the one-dimensional lattice method for the one-dimensional viscous Burgers equation. And one of the methods is for a two-dimensional nonlinear advection-diffusion equation. Convergence is formally proven in the L{sub 1}-norm for the first three methods, revealing that they are second-order, conservative, conditionally monotone finite difference methods. Computational results which support the theory for lattice methods are presented. In addition, a domain decomposition strategy using mesh refinement techniques is presented for lattice gas and lattice Boltzmann methods. The strategy allows concentration of computational resources on regions of high activity. Computational evidence is reported for the strategy applied to the lattice gas method for the one-dimensional viscous Burgers equation. 72 refs., 19 figs., 28 tabs.

The travelers presented several papers at the Fourth International Conference on Acidic Deposition. These covered the following topics: atmospheric chemistry and deposition of airborne nitrogen compounds, soil solution chemistry in high-elevation spruce forests, and forest throughfall measurements for estimating total sulfur deposition to ecosystems. In addition, S. E. Lindberg was invited to organize and chair a conference session on Throughfall and Stemflow Experiments, and to present an invited lecture on Atmospheric Deposition and Canopy Interactions of Metals and Nitrogen in Forest Ecosystems: The Influence of Global Change'' at the 110th Anniversary Celebration of the Free University of Amsterdam.

Research on this grant is devoted to the calculation of heavy particle collision cross sections needed for diagnostic studies of magnetic fusion plasmas. This work requires the development and testing of new theoretical methods, with the implementation of benchmarked techniques to collisions pertinent to fusion reactors. Within the last context, we have provided charge-exchange-recombination cross sections to specific n,1-levels for diagnostic studies on TFTR and for a major compilation for IAEA. We have also completed a cross section study related to the planned neutral beam current drive for ITER. In addition, calculations were completed to assess the use of He neutral atom angular scattering measurements for JT-60. Also, new theoretical methods have been developed to more accurately calculate cross sections involving either He or H{sub 2} targets and partially stripped multiply-charged ions.

As concern about Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has grown in recent years, it has become necessary to determine the nature of particles produced by different indoor aerosol sources and the typical concentration that these sources tend to produce. These data are important in predicting the dose of particles to people exposed to these sources and it will also enable us to take effective mitigation procedures. Further, it will also help in designing appropriate air cleaners. A new state of the art technique, DMPS (Differential Mobility Particle Sizer) System is used to determine the particle size distributions of a number of sources. This system employs the electrical mobility characteristics of these particles and is very effective in the 0.01--1.0 {mu}m size range. A modified system that can measure particle sizes in the lower size range down to 3 nm was also used. Experimental results for various aerosol sources is presented in the ensuing chapters. 37 refs., 20 figs., 2 tabs.

The author was one of 26 invited lecturers to discuss the latest developments of the physical aspects of electrochemistry. He interacted extensively with other lecturers and many participants from developing countries. He also visited with the Director of the Italian Synchrotron Radiation Source now under construction in Trieste, Italy.

During the reporting of July 1 to September 30, 1990, bench- and pilot-scale experiments were conducted to measure mass transfer and kinetic rates under simulated duct-injection conditions. This report describes the results of stirred-tank modelling experiments; experiments with moist solids in a short-time differential reactor in order to study and compare SO{sub 2} conversions; an investigation of the agglomeration of damp Ca(OH)-based solids; and evaluation of speciality sorbents.

TCNQ Charge Transfer Complexes with Coals. TCNQ can be readily deposited in coals from pyridine solution. IR spectra of TCNQ and TCNQ in Illinois No. 6 coal are shown in Fig. 1. It is clear that the stretching frequency has been shifted by the full 44 cm{sup {minus}1} caused by the transfer of a single electron. Similar behavior has been observed with a variety of coals, including lignites, subbituminous and a range of bituminous coals. There are two possible explanations for the observed shift. The simplest explanation is that there exist in coals structures which are excellent single electron donors capable of transferring an electron to TCNQ in the ground state. All of the TCNQ dissolved in the coal is shifted. No uncomplexed TCNQ remains in the sample, as demonstrated by the absence of the unaltered CN stretch at 2227 cm{sup {minus}1}. The spectrum shown is for TCNQ in coal in a molar concentration equivalent to approximately 20% of the PNA systems in this coal as deduced from the NMR studies of Solum et al. (1989). It is highly unlikely that 20% of the PNA systems in coal are such good electron donors that the charge transfer complex would have …

In the project status report for 4/9/90--7/8/90, Table 2 presented update results of a comparative study of coal sample deterioration in several container types including foil laminate bags. This table contained an erroneous entry (foil laminate bag {minus}20 mesh, alkali extraction 65.4% transmittance). The alkali extraction test on {minus}20 mesh coal stored in foil laminate bags for 52 weeks was repeated in duplicate on another bag (after 64 weeks total storage) resulting in a measurement of 96.2% transmittance. This value has been substituted for the erroneous 65.4% value in the corrected copy of Table 2 enclosed with this report. All values of the alkali extraction and Gieseler fluidity tests indicate that the state of preservation of sample in foil laminate bags is excellent. The samples stored by other methods for comparison purposes all showed significant loss in fluid characteristics. One new whole-seam channel sample of the hvAb Pittsburgh seam coal, DECS-12, was collected July 25, 1990 in Greene County, PA. This sample was placed in 30-gallon steel barrels with high-density lid gaskets and purged with argon at the mine. Upon return to Penn State it was promptly processed so that Gieseler fluidity and other routine analyses could be performed.

This project is designed to develop methods for pre-combustion coal remediation by implementing recent advances in enzyme biochemistry. The novel approach of this study is incorporation of hydrophilic oxidative enzymes in reverse micelles in an organic solvent. Enzymes from commercial sources or microbial extracts are being investigated for their capacity to remove organic sulfur from coal by oxidation of the sulfur groups, splitting of C-S bonds and loss of sulfur as sulfuric acid. Dibenzothiophen (DBT) and ethylphenylsulfide (EPS) are serving as models of organic sulfur-containing components of coal in initial studies.

It was decided to use a hydraulic cylinder resting on the floor of the argon spill trough in the EC carriage to drive the EC's motion on the center beam. Space was limited due to the spill bellows and their required support and containment system. The 0.0. of the cylinder had to be limited to 3 to 3-1/2 inches, maximum. The weight of a wet EC and carriage is estimated to be 320 tons. The rolling coefficient of friction of the Tychoway rollers chosen to guide the EC and carriage along the hardened centerbeam ways is claimed to be less than 0.0025. The driver will also need to overcome the forces produced by moving (rotating) the numerous bayonets located at the top of the cryostats in the many piping systems. These forces were conservatively estimated at 1000 lbs. The drive force required to overcome these forces was then calculated to be: 320(2,000) x 0.0025 + 1,000 = 2.600 lbs. (min. required). Due to the uncertainty in the actual roller coefficient of friction and the various unknowns in estimating the resistive forces contained in the piping and cabling systems attached to the cryostat, a conservative design factor of 5 was chosen. …

The Filter Compartment (FC) in this analysis is a generic reactor airborne activity confinement filter compartment which possesses all the essential physical and mechanical properties of the Savannah River Site (SRS) confinement filters of Reactor Buildings K, L, and P. The filters belong to the Airborne Activity Confinement System (AACS). These filters absorb a significant amount of radioactive effluents from the exhausting air. The seismic excitation is input indirectly from the output of the seismic analysis of the 105 exhaust stack building in the form of floor response spectra. However, the 105 exhaust stack building was analyzed for seismic motions defined by free-field ground response spectra with a ZPA (Zero Period Acceleration) of 0.2G for all three orthogonal components of ground motion and a shape consistent with USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.60. Based upon equivalent dynamic analysis of the FC, DuPont engineers suggested modifications on the existing FC with heavy I-section beams [1]. The scope of this ``phase I`` analysis, as requested by Seismic Engineering [2], is to carry out a ``scoping analysis`` of Frequency Analysis and Response Spectrum Analysis of the FC with DuPont suggested conceptual modifications. Our suggestion was that the existing FC without conceptual modifications be analyzed first. …

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This project is designed to develop methods for pre-combustion coal remediation by implementing recent advances in enzyme biochemistry. The novel approach of this study is incorporation of hydrophilic oxidative enzymes in reverse micelles in an organic solvent. Enzymes from commercial sources or microbial extracts are being investigated for their capacity to remove organic sulfur from coal by oxidation of the sulfur groups, splitting of C-S bonds and loss of sulfur as sulfuric acid. Dibenzothiophen (DBT) and ethylphenylsulfide (EPS) are serving as models of organic sulfur-containing components of coal in initial studies.

Using a new constitutive model, we performed computer studies concerning the dynamic yield strength of six ceramics, SiC, TiB{sub 2} A1N, two types of B{sub 4}C, and partially stabilized zirconia. The relative importance of the thermomechanical variables, strain, strain-rate, pressure, and temperature, as well as the Bauschinger effect, is demonstrated in determining the time response of ceramics to high-train-rate deformation. The constitutive model is easy to implement in a hydrodynamic computer code, and it successfully reproduces a variety of data for these six materials. 26 refs., 25 figs., 4 tabs.