The Northwest Power Planning Council convened a symposium in Olympia, Washington, on the subject of global climate change ( the greenhouse effect'') and its potential for affecting the Pacific Northwest. The symposium was organized in response to a need by the Power Council to understand global climate change and its potential impacts on resource planning and fish and wildlife planning for the region, as well as a need to understand national policy developing toward climate change and the Pacific Northwest's role in it. 40 figs., 15 tabs.

In 1984 Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) began an aggressive program of research and development based on the concept of a closed system for fast-reactor power generation and on-site fuel reprocessing, exclusively designed around the use of metallic fuel. This is the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR). Although the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) has used metallic fuel since its creation 25 yeas ago, in 1985 ANL began a study of the characteristics and behavior of an advanced-design metallic fuel based on uranium-zirconium (U-Zr) and uranium-plutonium-zirconium (U-Pu-Zr) alloys. During the past five years several areas were addressed concerning the performance of this fuel system. In all instances of testing the metallic fuel has demonstrated its ability to perform reliably to high burnups under varying design conditions. This paper will present one area of testing which concerns the fuel system's performance under breach conditions. It is the purpose of this paper to document the observed post-breach behavior of this advanced-design metallic fuel. 2 figs., 1 tab.

During pilot scale operations of the Scale Glass Melter for the US Department of Energy a team of engineers and scientists was formed to assess the need for continued melter design development to support the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF), and prioritize future efforts. Recently this has taken on new importance because of selection of the DWPF Melter design as the reference for the Hanford Waste Vitrification Project (HWVP), and increased interest at the West Valley Demonstration Project on melter life and replacement. Results of the study are summarized, and goals produced by the study are compared to the results of current programs at the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL).

We built a multimedia document system for the SIGGRAPH Interactive Proceedings to demonstrate the potentials and challenges in using technology to capture better the essence of SIGGRAPH conferences. The prototype system uses the NeXT computer system to present textual, mathematical, illustrative, colorful, audio, video and animated material. Special attention was given to including tools for interactive manipulation of images included in typical SIGGRAPH papers. 6 refs., 6 figs.

It is shown that LEP probes the Big Bang in two significant ways: (1) nucleosynthesis and (2) dark matter constraints. In the first case, LEP verifies the cosmological standard model prediction on the number of neutrino types, thus strengthening the conclusion that the cosmological baryon density is {approximately}6% of the critical value. In the second case, LEP shows that the remaining non-baryonic cosmological matter must be somewhat more massive and/or more weakly interacting that the favorite non-baryonic dark matter candidates of a few years ago. 59 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

Solar flares and magnetospheric substorms are each presumably processes by which energy is released from storage in magnetic fields and converted into kinetic energy of plasma and energetic particles. There are a number of analogies between flares and substorms. This paper briefly discusses substorms, their expansion and recovery phases, and a model by which they are presently explained. Two features of substorms, the retreating neutral line'' and the separatrix layer'' are offered as features which might have identifiable (observable ) analogies in flares. 13 refs., 11 figs.

Seven proposed criteria for demonstration of success in waste reduction have been developed: reduced amount of hazardous waste, reduced waste management cost, improved regulatory compliance, reduced health risk, increased production efficiency, reduced accident risk, and improved public relations. A detailed description of each of the criteria is presented along with a discussion for each of the mechanisms for measurement, required commitments, strengths, and weaknesses. 2 refs.

The Graph Structure (GRPHSTRUC) Model is a software system tool specifically developed to be used by a computer security analyst to study the security and analyze the design of computer networks. However, any system that can be characterized and represented by a graph structure could employ GRPHSTRUC with some minor system modifications. The GRPHSTRUC model is a knowledge-based expert system using icons and object-oriented programming methodologies. GRPHSTRUC has been designed and developed to use classical graph theory and allow the display of components and links of a graph structure. A graph G = (V,E) is a structure that consists of a finite set of vertices V and a finite set of edges E. A computer network is a graph structure; the vertices are the components of the network and the edges are the links between components. The GRPHSTRUC model provides a user interface that is designed to give a user the ability to rapidly and efficiently represent graph components, connections, and relationships. 9 refs., 1 fig.

Explicit integral expressions are given for the fifth-order geometrical aberration coefficients in rectilinear magnetic quadrupole-octupole systems used for the transport of nonrelativistic charged particle beams. The numerical values of the fifth-order geometrical aberration coefficients for a rare earth cobalt (REC) quadrupole doublet are given as an example. 26 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.

Perimeter radiation monitors are gamma-ray and neutron measurement systems that can provide timely notice of theft or diversion of special nuclear material (SNM). The monitors may be hand-held instruments operated by security inspectors or automatic pedestrian or vehicle monitors located in exit pathways. A monitor's performance depends on its design, the characteristics of SNM and the operating environment, and proper monitor calibration and maintenance. Goals of ASTM Subcommittee C26.12 are to describe monitoring technology, how to apply it, and how to test its performance. 3 refs., 6 figs.

The CDF detector has collected data for an integrated luminosity of 4.4 pb{sup {minus}1} during the 1988--89 Tevatron Collider run. This sample has been used to search for the top quark. We report here the results of the analysis of the electron-muon topology. We find that a top mass in the 28 to 72 GeV is excluded at the 95% confidence level. The same limits apply to a possible fourth generation, charge {minus}1/3, b{prime} quark decaying via the charged current. 21 refs., 14 figs.

In the first part of this paper, a reevaluation of the low-energy neutron cross sections of {sup 235}U is described. This reevaluation was motivated by the discrepancy between the measured and computed temperature coefficients of reactivity and is based on recent measurements of the fission cross section and of {eta} in the thermal and subthermal neutron energy regions. In the second part of the paper, we discuss the conversion of the Reich-Moore resonance parameters, describing the neutron cross sections of {sup 235}U in the resolved resonance region, into equivalent Adler-Adler resonance parameters and into equivalent momentum space multipole resonance parameters. 25 refs., 4 figs., 5 tabs.

The Impression Creep technique has been applied to XD{trademark} TiAl weldments to evaluate the local creep resistance of the fusion zone and the heat affected zone. The material used in this study was TiAl produced by Martin Marietta Research Laboratories, using their patented ingot processing which incorporates 1 to 10 {mu}m diameter particles of carbide, nitride or boride compounds. The impression creep technique uses a small indenter to locally evaluate the creep resistance of the heterogeneous microstructure developed during the welding process. The indenters used in this investigation were 1 mm in diameter. Results obtained from the impression creep tests are compared to results obtained from constant stress tensile creep tests on the base material. Creep resistance of the heat affected zone and the fusion zone are compared to and contrasted with the base material strength. 19 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

Two methods have been developed for the computation of resonance integrals in cells containing annular fuel regions. Both are based on rational approximations. One is a generalization of a one-term rational approximation method developed by Segev for a cell with a single fuel annulus. The second modifies the earlier Chen-Gelbard two-term method originally used for double-heterogeneity calculations. Both methods were tested, in cells with two fuel annuli, for various U{sup 235} and U{sup 238} resonances. Both gives resonance integrals accurate enough for practical purposes. The two-term fits are substantially more accurate in some NR cases, but are somewhat more difficult to correct for finite resonance widths. 8 refs., 4 tabs.

The purpose of this work was fivefold: to develop an expanded neutron cross-section library containing approximately 1200 cross-section sets with the Hansen-Roach (H-R) sixteen neutron-energy-group structure; to provide an enhanced computational tool on a personal computer for criticality calculations; to provide consistent values of the effective scattering cross sections (sigma-s) for each set of the expanded H-R library, for selecting the resonance self-shielded cross sections (sigma-p); to develop a consistent technique for calculating sigma-p to select and apply specific self-shielded cross-section sets; and to apply the cross sections and the selection technique to a wide variety of criticality calculational benchmarks. 18 refs., 1 fig.

A lattice gas automata (LGA) model is described, which couples solute transport with chemical reactions at mineral surfaces and in pore networks. Chemical reactions and transport are integrated into a FHP-I LGA code as a module so that the approach is readily transportable to other codes. Diffusion in a box calculations are compared to finite element Fickian diffusion results and provide an approach to quantifying space-time ratios of the models. Chemical reactions at solid surfaces, including precipitation/dissolution, sorption, and catalytic reaction, can be examined with the model because solute diffusion and mineral surface processes are all treated explicitly. The simplicity and flexibility of the LGA approach provides the ability to study the interrelationship between fluid flow and chemical reactions in porous materials, at a level of complexity that has not previously been computationally possible. 20 refs., 8 figs.

Considerable effort has been expended in recent years in finding improved spatial differencing schemes for the neutron and radiation transport equations. Standard criteria used to select a candidate scheme are its order of spatial convergence for small mesh size and its positivity in the sense that positive solutions emerge from positive input data. More recently, it has become clear that truly robust schemes must behave well in diffusing regions and must be compatible with an effective iteration acceleration method. Recently, Morel and Larsen reported their work on a promising new method called the multiple balance method that has virtually all the desirable characteristics. Here we study a different approach to the problem by considering discrete-ordinates approximations to the even-parity transport equations. We analyze three spatial difference approaches: diamond differencing, cell-edge differencing, and cell-center differencing. For the case of isotropic scattering and sources, the latter two approaches are shown to be strictly positive, to be second-order accurate, to be compatible with derived diffusion synthetic acceleration methods, and to possess the necessary diffusion limits. Unlike previous work with the even-parity equation, we do not use finite elements or variational principles. 5 refs., 1 tab.

In this paper we present an overview of the EGS4 Code System -- a general purpose package for the Monte Carlo simulation of the transport of electrons and photons. During the last 10-15 years EGS has been widely used to design accelerators and detectors for high-energy physics. More recently the code has been found to be of tremendous use in medical radiation physics and dosimetry. The problem-solving capabilities of EGS4 will be demonstrated by means of a variety of practical examples. To facilitate this review, we will take advantage of a new add-on package, called SHOWGRAF, to display particle trajectories in complicated geometries. These are shown as 2-D laser pictures in the written paper and as photographic slides of a 3-D high-resolution color monitor during the oral presentation. 11 refs., 15 figs.

A review is given of the BNL polarized source development occurring since the 1986 Workshop in Montana, Switzerland. The polarized source in operation for the AGS produces {approx}40 {mu}A of {rvec H}{sup {minus}} with 75--80% polarization. Development of a cold atomic beam for a higher intensity source has concentrated on studies of spin selection and focusing with both a superconducting solenoid and sextupoles. Ionization of H{sup O} by D{sup {minus}} charge exchange using the ring magnetron ionizer seems to be hindered by gas scattering, and work is in progress to improve this.

This talk deals with {Lambda}, K{sub s}{sup 0} and {bar {Lambda}} production with 14.5 GeV/c Silicon beams. Why study {Lambda}{sup 0} production Because the study of strangeness is an important part of the search for Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Many models predict an enhancement of strangeness in a QGP as compared to the amount of strangeness produced in a superposition of nucleon-nucleon interactions. The amount of enhancement varies from model to model. Even if no QGP is detected at AGS energies using Si beams, it is important to understand the production mechanisms in quantitative detail so that standard nucleon-nucleon production mechanism can be distinguished from QGP formation. The advantage of measuring strangeness production by measuring V{sup 0} production is that V{sup 0}'s can be identified by kinematics without the use of any special particle ID detectors. The disadvantage is that usually large aperture detectors are required. Experiment 810 has the needed large aperture. This talk describes the technique and results of V{sup 0} production from {approximately}9000 interactions of Si in a 1 mil (25 micron) Au target recorded in June 1989. 13 figs., 1 tab.

Microseismicity was monitored in the Chaveroo oil field in southeastern New Mexico during, and for 5 weeks following, a pressurized stimulation of a well being prepared as an injector for a water flood operation. Three-thousand barrels of water were injected into the reservoir over a 5.5-hour period. Little seismicity was detected during the stimulation. Intermittent monitoring over a 5-week period following the injection indicated detectable seismicity occurring with activity levels varying in time. The most active period recorded occurred just after production resumed in the immediate area of the monitor well. Mapping the microearthquakes using the hodogram technique indicates the events occur along linear trends which corroborate known structural trends of the field. Seismicity trends were defined both parallel and perpendicular to the regionally defined maximum horizontal stress direction. Seventy-three good quality events were recorded, in a cumulative 24 hour period, from which structures were mapped up to 3000 ft from the monitor well. 13 refs., 9 figs.

Rapid advances in accelerator technology in recent years promise average proton beam currents as high as 250 mA with energies greater than one GeV. Such an accelerator could produce very high intensities of neutrons and other nuclear particles thus opening up new areas of science and technology. An example is the efficient burning of transuranic and fission product waste. With such a spallation-burner it appears that high-level waste might be converted to low-level waste on a time scale comparable to the human lifespan at a reasonable additional cost for electric power generation. The emphasis of this paper is on the design of a high power proton target for neutron production, on the nuclear data needed to operate this target safely and effectively, and on data requirements for transmutation. It is suggested that a pilot facility consisting of a 1.6 GeV accelerator and target operating at 25 ma is the next major step in developing this technology. Bursts of protons near the terawatt level might also be generated using such an accelerator with a proton accumulator ring. Research prospects based on such proton bursts are briefly described. The status of established nuclear data needs and of accelerator-based sources for nuclear data …

The presentation of US research programs at the last IWG-RRPC meeting emphasized several aspects of the work sponsored by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The remarks given this year will focus on work that relates to pressurized water reactor primary pressure vessels. While most of the comments are relative to NRC work, some are included relative to the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Department of Energy. Additionally, a forthcoming CSNI workshop on fracture methodology validation will be described. 36 figs.

In this paper I will first discuss the history and current status of the Tau-Charm Facility. I will then focus on the unique aspects of the heavy meson and tau physics program of such a facility, which motivates its construction and operation in the mid-1090's.