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Geothermal Materials Development, Annual Report FY 1991
Advances in the development of new materials, the commercial availabilities of which are essential for the attainment of Hydrothermal Category Level I and II Objectives, continue to be made in the Geothermal Materials Development Project. Many successes have already been accrued and the results used commercially. In FY 1991, utility company sponsored full cost'' recovery programs based upon materials technology developed in this project were initiated on topics such as condensing heat exchangers, high temperature composites for utility vaults used in district heating systems, and corrosion resistant coatings for use in oil-fired electric generating processes. In FY 1991 the DOE/GD-sponsored R D project was focused on reducing well drilling, fluid transport and energy conversion costs. Specific activities being performed included lightweight CO{sub 2}- resistant well cements, chemical systems for lost circulation control, thermally conductive and scale resistant protective linear systems, corrosion mitigation in process components at The Geysers, and elastomer-metal bonding systems needed for use in high temperature well drilling and safety related applications.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Kukacka, L. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
H-Area Seepage Basins
During the third quarter of 1990 the wells which make up the H-Area Seepage Basins (H-HWMF) monitoring network were sampled. Laboratory analyses were performed to measure levels of hazardous constituents, indicator parameters, tritium, nonvolatile beta, and gross alpha. A Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) scan was performed on all wells sampled to determine any hazardous organic constituents present in the groundwater. The primary contaminants observed at wells monitoring the H-Area Seepage Basins are tritium, nitrate, mercury, gross alpha, nonvolatile beta, trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and total radium.
Date:
December 1, 1990
Creator:
Stejskal, G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts
The primary objective of the project is to examine the relations between the catalytic and magnetic properties of the copper-cobalt higher alcohol synthesis catalysts. We have undertaken to investigate the magnetic character by studying the Nuclear Quadrupole resonance of copper and (Zerofield) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of cobalt in copper cobalt catalysts.
Date:
December 17, 1991
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Occupational dose reduction at Department of Energy contractor facilities: Bibliography of selected readings in radiation protection and ALARA
This bibliography contains abstracts relating to various aspects of ALARA program implementation and dose reduction activities, with a focus on DOE facilities. Abstracts included in this bibliography were selected from proceedings of technical meetings, journals, research reports, searches of the DOE Energy, Science and Technology Database (in general, the citation and abstract information is presented as obtained from this database), and reprints of published articles provided by the authors. Facility types and activities covered in the scope of this report include: radioactive waste, uranium enrichment, fuel fabrication, spent fuel storage and reprocessing, facility decommissioning, hot laboratories, tritium production, research, test and production reactors, weapons fabrication and testing, fusion, uranium and plutonium processing, radiography, and aocelerators. Information on improved shielding design, decontamination, containments, robotics, source prevention and control, job planning, improved operational and design techniques, as well as on other topics, has been included. In addition, DOE/EH reports not included in previous volumes of the bibliography are in this volume (abstracts 611 to 684). This volume (Volume 5 of the series) contains 217 abstracts. An author index and a subject index are provided to facilitate use. Both indices contain the abstract numbers from previous volumes, as well as the current volume. …
Date:
December 1, 1993
Creator:
Dionne, B. J.; Sullivan, S. G. & Baum, J. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Internal dosimetry technical basis manual
The internal dosimetry program at the Savannah River Site (SRS) consists of radiation protection programs and activities used to detect and evaluate intakes of radioactive material by radiation workers. Examples of such programs are: air monitoring; surface contamination monitoring; personal contamination surveys; radiobioassay; and dose assessment. The objectives of the internal dosimetry program are to demonstrate that the workplace is under control and that workers are not being exposed to radioactive material, and to detect and assess inadvertent intakes in the workplace. The Savannah River Site Internal Dosimetry Technical Basis Manual (TBM) is intended to provide a technical and philosophical discussion of the radiobioassay and dose assessment aspects of the internal dosimetry program. Detailed information on air, surface, and personal contamination surveillance programs is not given in this manual except for how these programs interface with routine and special bioassay programs.
Date:
December 20, 1990
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
UNLV Information Science Research Institute quarterly progress report
This report presents research on information systems, information retrieval, and optical character recognition. (CBS)
Date:
December 31, 1991
Creator:
Nartker, T.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nitrogen control of chloroplast development and differentiation
The growth and development of plants and photosynthetic microorganisms is commonly limited by the availability of nitrogen. Our work concerns understanding the mechanisms by which plants and algae that are subjected to nitrogen deprivation alter the composition of photosynthetic membranes and enzymes involved in photosynthetic carbon metabolism. Toward these ends, we study biosynthetic and gene expression processes in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii which is grown in an ammonium-limited continuous culture system. We have found that the expression of nuclear genes, including those encoding for light-harvesting proteins, are severely repressed in nitrogen-limited cells whereas, in general, chloroplast protein synthesis is attenuated primarily at the level of mRNA translation. Conversely, nitrogen deprivation appears to lead to enhanced synthesis of enzymes that are involved in starch and storage lipid deposition. In addition, as a possible means by which photosynthetic electron transport activities and ATP synthesis is sustained during chronic periods of nitrogen deprivation, thylakoid membranes become enriched with components for chlororespiration. Characterization of the chlororespiratory electron transport constituents, including cytochrome complexes and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase is a major current effort. Also, we are striving to isolate the genes encoding chlororespiration proteins toward determining how they and others that are strongly responsive to …
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Schmidt, G.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Removal of trichloroethylene contamination from the subsurface: A comparative evaluation of different remediation strategies by means of numerical simulation
Volatile organic compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents are common contaminants of the subsurface environment. Although immiscible with water, many of these organics have large enough aqueous phase solubilities to significantly degrade the quality of groundwater with which they come in contact. In addition, many of these substances exhibit high vapor pressures, causing them to partition strongly into the gas phase in their surroundings. Because of these properties, a volatile organic compound (VOC), once introduced into the subsurface may be transported as a solute, a vapor, or as a constituent in a non- aqueous phase liquid (NAPL). This implies that at some sits, an adequate description of the migration of these contaminants in the subsurface would necessarily involve three phases, -- gas, aqueous and NAPL. For example, to design an effective aquifer remediation scheme for a site where NAPL is present, it would be wrong to focus solely on the aqueous phase while ignoring either the gas phase or the NAPL phase. In the present work, we use a simulator developed by Falta et al. (1990a), known as STMVOC,'' which models true three-phase flow in which NAPL, gas and aqueous phases can move in response to pressure, …
Date:
December 1, 1990
Creator:
Adenekan, A.E.; Pruess, K. & Falta, R.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Unusual initial and final state effects in quantum chromodynamics
We have constructed a number of fundamental tests which can be used to probe discrete symmetries, and their possible violations, in the required new physics'' beyond the standard model. On-going experiments with unpolarized e{sup {minus}}e{sup +} collisions contain many events for the production-decay sequence e{sup {minus}}e{sup +} {yields} Z{degrees}, {gamma}* {yields} {tau}{sup {minus}}{tau}{sup +} {yields} (A{sup {minus}X}) (B{sup +}X). From the beam referenced spin-correlation function for this sequence, the photon and Z{degrees} boson couplings of the tau lepton can be completely measured. There are four distinct tests for CP/T violation in Z{degrees} {yields} {tau}{sup {minus}}{tau}{sup +}, and in {gamma}* {yields} {tau}{sup {minus}}{tau}{sup +}. The Lorentz structure of the associated helicity amplitudes is very simple. In other research programs, we are (1) continuing to investigate our proposal that partons be identified with nearly degenerate, coherent quark-gluon jet'' states, and are (2) investigating the novel consequences of q-analogue quantization of quantum fields, and of a completeness relation for the q-analogue coherent states.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Nelson, C.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lectures notes for introduction to environmental law
This four-hour overview course is designed to briefly describe the environmental law system. The course provides an overview that managers and technical people will find useful as a beginning course or a course that puts formerly taken detailed courses in perspective. The course begins by defining environmental law and describing the legal system that establishes compliance obligations. Then, all the major Environmental Acts such as The Water Pollution Control Act, The National Environmental Policy Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) are briefly described and interrelated. All the environmental DOE Orders, selected books, and other source material are referenced. Radioactive pollutants are not discussed; however, reference material is provided.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Cadwell, J.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conceptual strategy for design, implementation, and validation of a biomarker-based biomonitoring capability
This document describes a strategy for defining specific objectives for biomarker studies and for designing and implementing a biomonitoring study that focuses on these objectives. In researching this subject, it became clear to the authors that the subject of biomarkers created a great deal of interest among scientists and regulators but that general acceptance of biomarkers as a tool for environmental protection was hampered by lack of a clear notion of how to develop and apply this approach. We intend this document to be a user's guide'' that lays out a logical scheme for applying biomarkers in environmental monitoring. In addition, laboratory and field research components needed to develop and validate fundamental understanding and interpretation of biomarker responses are also described, as is a strategy for evolution of a biomarker-based biomonitoring capability. The document is divided into sections intended to lead the reader to an understanding of how biomarkers can be developed and applied.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
McCarthy, J.F.; Halbrook, R.S. & Shugart, L.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Heavy flavor physics at hadron colliders
The search for the top quark has dominated heavy flavor physics at hadron colliders. For Standard model decay of top the present mass limit in m{sub t} > 89 GeV (95% C.L.). Bottom production cross sections are quite large at hadron colliders, thus providing enough statistics for extensive studies. Results on cross sections, B{sup 0} {minus} {bar B}{sup 0} mixing, exclusive channels and rare B decays will be summarized.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Barbaro-Galtieri, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FLOWTRAN-TF code description
FLOWTRAN-TF is a two-component (air-water), two-phase thermal-hydraulics code designed for performing accident analyses of SRS reactor fuel assemblies during the Emergency Cooling System (ECS) phase of a Double Ended Guillotine Break (DEGB) Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA). This report provides a brief description of the physical models in the version of FLOWTRAN-TF used to compute the Recommended K-Reactor Restart ECS Power Limit. This document is viewed as an interim report and should ultimately be superseded by a comprehensive user/programmer manual. In general, only high level discussions of governing equations and constitutive laws are presented. Numerical implementation of these models, code architecture and user information are not generally covered. A companion document describing code benchmarking is available.
Date:
December 1, 1990
Creator:
Flach, G.P. (ed.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Steam generator secondary pH during a steam generator tube rupture
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires utilizes to determine the response of a pressurized water reactor to a steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) as part of the safety analysis for the plant. The SGTR analysis includes assumptions regarding the partitioning of iodine between liquid and vapor in steam generator secondary. Experimental studies have determined that the partitioning of iodine in water is very sensitive to the pH. Based on this experimental evidence, the NRC requested the INEL to perform an analytical assessment of secondary coolant system (SCS) pH during an SGTR. Design basis thermal and hydraulic calculations were used together with industry standard chemistry guidelines to determine the SCS chemical concentrations during an SGTR. These were used as input to the Facility for Analysis of Chemical Thermodynamics computer system to calculate the equilibrium pH in the SCS at various discrete time during an SGTR. The results of this analysis indicate that the SCS pH decreases from the initial value of 8.8 to approximately 6.5 by the end of the transient, independent of PWR design.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Adams, J. P. & Peterson, E. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nonlinear evolution of resistive tearing mode instability with shear flow and viscosity
The nonlinear evolution of the tearing mode instability with equilibrium shear flow is investigated via numerical solutions of the resistive magnetohydrodynamic equations. The two-dimensional simulations are in slab geometry, are periodic in the x-direction, and are initiated with solutions of the linearized MHD equations. The magnetic Reynolds number S was varied from 10{sup 2} to 10{sup 5}, a parameter V that measures the strength of the flow in units of the average Alfven speed was varied, and the viscosity as measured by the Reynolds number of S{sub v} satisfied S{sub v} > 10{sup 3}. When the shear flow is small (V < 0.3) the tearing mode saturates within one resistive time, while for larger flows the nonlinear saturation develops on a longer time scale. The two-dimensional spatial structure of both the flux function and the steam function distort in the direction of the equilibrium flow. The magnetic energy release decreased and the saturation time increased with V, for both small and large resistivity. The validity of the numerical solutions was tested by verifying that the total energy and the magnetic helicity were conserved. Total energy dissipation rate dE/dt decreases as the tearing mode approached its saturated state.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Ofman, L.; Morrison, P.J. (Texas Univ., Austin, TX (United States). Inst. for Fusion Studies) & Steinolfson, R.S. (Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX (United States). Dept. of Space Sciences)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Studies of Coupled Chemical and Catalytic Coal Conversion Methods
The objective of this research was to convert coal into a soluble substance under mild conditions. The strategy involved two steps, first to breakdown the macromolecular network of coal, and second to add hydrogen catalytically. We investigated different basic reagents that could, in priciple, break down coal's structure and alkylation strategies that might enhance its solubility. We examined O- and C-alkylation, the importance of the strength of the base, the character of the added alkyl groups and other reaction parameters. This work provided new information concerning the way in which hydrogen bonding, polarization interactions between aromatic structures and covalent bonding could be disrupted and solubility enhanced. The objective of our research was to explore new organochromium chemistry that might be feasible for the hydrogenation of coal under mild conditions.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Stock, L. M.; Chatterjee, K.; Cheng, C.; Ettinger, M.; Flores, F.; Jiralerspong, S. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Two-component flow study in large-diameter horizontal pipe
Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, and Wyle Laboratory cooperated in a series of single- and two-component calibration tests conducted to obtain sufficient information for calibrating flowmeters, to observe flow patterns, and to estimate void functions. Testing, conducted in large-diameter horizontal pipe, covered total flows of 0.19 to 1.89 m{sup 3}/s (3000 to 30000 gpm) and inlet void fractions up to 40%. A flow regime map, constructed using video images of the flow patterns and void fraction data, was compared with maps from the literature, with generally good agreement for interpretation of flow patterns. 5 refs.
Date:
December 3, 1991
Creator:
Eghbali, D. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The production of fuels and chemicals from food processing wastes using a novel fermenter separator
During 1991, considerable progress was made on the waste utilization project. Two small Wisconsin companies have expressed an interest in promoting and developing the ICRS technology. Pilot plant sites at (1) Hopkinton, IA, for a sweet whey plant, and Beaver Dam WI, for an acid whey site have been under development siting ICRS operations. The Hopkinton, IA site is owned and operated by Permeate Refining Inc., who have built a batch ethanol plant across the street from Swiss Valley Farms cheddar cheese operations. Permeate from Swiss Valley is piped across to PRI. PRI has signed a contract to site a 300--500,000 gallon/yr to ICRS pilot plant. They feel that the lower labor, lower energy, continuous process offered by the ICRS will substantially improve their profitability. Catalytics, Inc, is involved with converting whey from a Kraft cream cheese operation to ethanol and yeast. A complete project including whey concentration, sterilization, and yeast growth has been designed for this site. Process design improvements with the ICRS focussed on ethanol recovery techniques during this year's project. A solvent absorption/extractive distillation (SAED) process has been developed which offers the capability of obtaining an anhydrous ethanol product from vapors off 3 to 9% ethanol solutions …
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Dale, M.C.; Venkatesh, K.V.; Choi, Hojoon; Moelhman, M.; Saliceti, L.; Okos, M.R. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A kinetics study of the O( sup 3 P) + CH sub 3 Cl reaction over the 556-1485 K range by the HTP and LP-ST techniques
The high-temperature photochemistry (HTP) and laser photolysis-shock tube (LP-ST) techniques have been combined to study the kinetics of the reaction between ground-state oxygen atoms with CH{sub 3}Cl over the temperature range, 556--1485 K. In the HTP reactor, used for the 556--1291 K range, O atoms were generated by flash photolysis of O{sub 2}, CO{sub 2} or SO{sub 2}, and the atom concentrations were monitored by resonance fluorescence, while with the LP-ST technique, used for the 916--1485 K range, O atoms were generated by the photolysis of either SO{sub 2} or NO with the 193 nm light from a pulsed ArF excimer laser, and atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy (ARAS) was used to monitor (O){sub t}. In both studies, rate coefficients were derived from the (O) profiles under the pseudo-first-order condition, (O){much lt}(CH{sub 3}Cl). The data obtained by the two techniques are in excellent agreement and are best represented by the expression, k(T) = 2.57 {times} 10{sup {minus}11} (T/K){sup 0.31} exp({minus}5633 K/T) cm{sup 3} molecule{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1} with a 2{sigma} precision varying from {plus minus}6 {plus minus}22% and an estimated 2{sigma} accuracy of {plus minus}21% to {plus minus}30%, depending on temperature. The rate coefficients for the title reaction are essentially identical …
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Ko, Taeho; Fontijn, A. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States). High-Temperature Reaction Kinetics Lab.); Lim, K.P. & Michael, J.V. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide
This project is focused on developing strategies to accomplish the reduction and hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to produce organic oxygenates at mild conditions. Our approaches to this issue are based on the recognition that rhodium macrocycles have unusually favorable thermodynamic values for producing a series of intermediate implicated in the catalytic hydrogenation of CO. Observations of metalloformyl complexes produced by reactions of H{sub 2} and CO, and reductive coupling of CO to form metallo {alpha}-diketone species have suggested a multiplicity of routes to organic oxygenates that utilize these species as intermediates. Thermodynamic and kinetic-mechanistic studies are used in constructing energy profiles for a variety of potential pathways, and these schemes are used in guiding the design of new metallospecies to improve the thermodynamic and kinetic factors for individual steps in the overall process. Variation of the electronic and steric effects associated with the ligand arrays along with the influences of the reaction medium provide the chemical tools for tuning these factors. Emerging knowledge of the factors that contribute to M-H, M-C and M-O bond enthalpies is directing the search for ligand arrays that will expand the range of metal species that have favorable thermodynamic parameters to produce the primary intermediates …
Date:
December 1, 1992
Creator:
Wayland, B.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A comparison of dose and dose-rate conversion factors from the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, US Department of Energy, and the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Fusion Safety Program
Several independent data sets of radiological dose and dose-rate conversion factors (DCF/DRCF) have been tabulated or developed by the international community both for fission and fusion safety purposes. This report compares sets from the US Department of Energy, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom with those calculated by the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Fusion Safety Program. The objectives were to identify trends and potential outlying values for specific radionuclides and contribute to a future benchmark evaluation of the CARR computer code. Fifty-year committed effective dose equivalent factors were compared for the inhalation and ingestion pathways. External effective dose equivalent rates were compared for the air immersion and ground surface exposure pathways. Comparisons were made by dividing dose factors in the different data bases by the values in the FSP data base. Differences in DCF/DRCF values less than a factor of 2 were considered to be in good agreement and are likely due to the use of slightly different decay data, variations in the number of organs considered for calculating CEDE, and rounding errors. DCF/DRCF values that differed by greater than a factor of 10 were considered to be significant. These differences are attributed primarily to the use of different …
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Rood, A.S. & Abbott, M.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Front-end electronics development for the SSC
This is a status report on electronics development undertaken by the Front-End Electronics Collaboration. The overall goal of the collaboration remains the development by 1992 of complete, architecturally compatible, front end electronic systems for calorimeter, wire drift chamber, and silicon strip readout. We report here a few highlights to give a brief overview of the work underway. Performance requirements and capabilities, selected architectures, circuit designs and test results are presented. 13 refs., 21 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
December 1, 1990
Creator:
Levi, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Buried Waste Integrated Demonstration Plan
This document presents the plan of activities for the Buried Waste Integrated Demonstration (BWID) program which supports the environmental restoration (ER) objectives of the Department of Energy (DOE) Complex. Discussed in this plan are the objectives, organization, roles and responsibilities, and the process for implementing and managing BWID. BWID is hosted at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), but involves participants from throughout the DOE Complex, private industry, universities, and the international community. These participants will support, demonstrate, and evaluate a suite of advanced technologies representing a comprehensive remediation system for the effective and efficient remediation of buried waste. The processes for identifying technological needs, screening candidate technologies for applicability and maturity, selecting appropriate technologies for demonstration, field demonstrating, evaluation of results and transferring technologies to environmental restoration programs are also presented. This document further describes the elements of project planning and control that apply to BWID. It addresses the management processes, operating procedures, programmatic and technical objectives, and schedules. Key functions in support of each demonstration such as regulatory coordination, safety analyses, risk evaluations, facility requirements, and data management are presented.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Kostelnik, K.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electron positron factories
In this paper, we will first indicate the key issues in designing a B-factory and a {phi}-factory, and illustrate the approaches that are being followed to address them. In general, reaching the B-factory parameter regime offers the most challenges, so we will emphasize it here. Then we will consider an extrapolation of our present understanding of collider performance and assess the maximum luminosity that could be anticipated. To reach extremely high luminosity, it may be necessary to consider possibilities beyond the scope of standard'' approaches to collider design; a few illustrative examples are outlined. For both the present designs and the extrapolated parameters, R D activities in a few key areas are required; these areas are discussed in this paper also.
Date:
December 1, 1990
Creator:
Zisman, M. S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Garren, A. A.; Lambertson, G. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)); Bloom, E.; Corbett, W. J. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library