Medicare: Payments to Physicians (open access)

Medicare: Payments to Physicians

This report discusses payments for physicians services under Medicare that are made on the basis of a fee schedule.
Date: January 28, 1998
Creator: O'Sullivan, Jennifer
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Survey of Grazing Programs in Western States (open access)

Survey of Grazing Programs in Western States

This report sets out in chart form a survey of grazing programs on state-owned lands in 16 western states. It presents information on acreage, numbers of permits or leases, and fees for state grazing programs. It also contains information on state policies relating to various features such as non-use, range improvements, and subleasing. The Report is based on telephone interviews with state grazing program officials.
Date: January 30, 1996
Creator: Baldwin, Pamela & Cody, Betsy A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Managing Farm Risk in a New Policy Era (open access)

Managing Farm Risk in a New Policy Era

This report discusses the enhancements to the crop insurance and revenue insurance programs that are expected to be considered by the 106th Congress in order to improve the farm financial safety net and preclude the need for ad hoc legislative assistance.
Date: January 22, 1999
Creator: Chite, Ralph M. & Jickling, Mark
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Air Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: An Overview of the National Low Emission Vehicle Program and Related Issues (open access)

Air Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: An Overview of the National Low Emission Vehicle Program and Related Issues

This report provides background information on federal emission standards for motor vehicles under the Clean Air Act and stricter standards originally developed to address the severity of air quality problems in California, explains the low emission standards and flexible compliance mechanisms to which states and manufacturers have voluntarily agreed under the National Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Program, discusses the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) estimates of the program's air quality benefits and costs, and examines regulatory issues related to its implementation including sulfur levels in gasoline and the relative stringency of emission standards for light trucks.
Date: January 4, 1999
Creator: Bearden, David M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change: Carbon Emissions and End-Use Energy Demand (open access)

Global Climate Change: Carbon Emissions and End-Use Energy Demand

This report presents an analysis of the potential impacts of the Kyoto Protocol on U.S. energy demand. The analysis focuses on 27 common end-uses — light duty vehicles, residential space heating, industrial direct process heat, etc. — that describe the way energy is used in the United States
Date: January 20, 1999
Creator: Rowberg, Richard E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Endangered Species List Revisions: A Summary of Delisting and Downlisting (open access)

Endangered Species List Revisions: A Summary of Delisting and Downlisting

This report outlines the process and reasons for delisting or downlisting, and summarizes the 27 species delisted due to extinction, recovery, or data revision, and the 22 species that have been downlisted from endangered to threatened status due to stabilized or improving populations.
Date: January 5, 1998
Creator: Noecker, Robert J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Excise Tax Financing of Federal Trust Funds (open access)

Excise Tax Financing of Federal Trust Funds

Dedicated excise taxes finance only a small number of the many activities undertaken by the Federal Government. The fourteen trust funds and special funds currently financed by excise taxes can be grouped under four programmatic purposes: nature conservation and recreation, transportation, environmental cleanup, and health damage compensation. In close parallel, the products currently subject to taxation on behalf of trust and special funds can be classified under the categories of hunting and fishing equipment; cargo transport and air passenger transportation; motor fuels; and materials potentially hazardous to the environment or human health.
Date: January 5, 1993
Creator: Noto, Nonna A. & Talley, Louis Alan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Entitlements Debate (open access)

The Entitlements Debate

Federal entitlement programs make payments directly to recipients who meet eligibility criteria set by law. There are about 400 of them with Social Security being the largest. Generally, entitlement spending is not subject to control through annual appropriations, and once an entitlement program is established, its scope can be altered only by amending the law that created it.
Date: January 28, 1998
Creator: Koitz, David Stuart
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Budget FY1999: A Chronology with Internet Access (open access)

Budget FY1999: A Chronology with Internet Access

This is a select chronology of, and a finding guide for information on, congressional and presidential actions and documents related to major budget events in calendar year 1998, covering the FY1999 budget. Brief information is provided for the President’s budget, congressional budget resolutions, appropriations measures (regular, continuing, supplementals, and rescissions), budget reconciliation, House and Senate votes, line-item vetoes, publications, testimony, charts, and tables.
Date: January 4, 1999
Creator: Bley, Mary Frances
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Rural Water Supply and Sewer Systems: Background Information (open access)

Rural Water Supply and Sewer Systems: Background Information

The Safe Drinking Water Act and the Clean Water Act impose requirements regarding drinking water quality and wastewater treatment in rural areas. Approximately 27% of the U.S. population lives in areas defined by the Census Bureau as rural. Many rural communities need to complete water and waste disposal projects to improve the public health and environmental conditions of their citizens
Date: January 20, 1999
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Protection Agency: FY1998 Budget (open access)

Environmental Protection Agency: FY1998 Budget

EPA appropriations are included in the annual VA-HUD-Independent Agencies Appropriation Bill. Two major issues were whether Superfund cleanups should be accelerated in the absence of statutory reforms and whether the requested state assistance funds are adequate. Because the House and Senate were in agreement on not granting the requested 50% increase in Superfund and in passing increased state funds, the chief conference issue focused on the roughly $225 million difference between the House and Senate versions.
Date: January 12, 1998
Creator: Lee, Martin R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Grants and Foundations: Selected Print, Electronic, and Internet Sources on Government and Private Funding (open access)

Grants and Foundations: Selected Print, Electronic, and Internet Sources on Government and Private Funding

This report describes more than 35 print, electronic, and Internet sources of information on financial support, and lists a few of the current general guides to writing grant proposals.
Date: January 6, 1999
Creator: Tehan, Rita
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
General Overview of United States Antitrust Law (open access)

General Overview of United States Antitrust Law

This report presents brief summaries of (1) the primary United States antitrust statutes, and (2) some of the activities which are generally considered to be violations of those laws. There is also some reference to the prohibition against unfair competition and the "unfairness" jurisdiction of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). There is not, however, any discussion of the extraterritorial reach of the United States antitrust laws. Further, the laws whose descriptions follow do not constitute all of the statutes which are applicable to antitrust issues, but rather, constitute those which are most often utilized.
Date: January 11, 1995
Creator: Rubin, Janice E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Industry in Transition: Issues and Options for Congress (open access)

Defense Industry in Transition: Issues and Options for Congress

The U.S. government and the defense industry continued to adjust to the post-Cold War era. Complicating the transition was the restructuring of the U.S. and other industrialized economies, and questions concerning the future direction of U.S. defense policy. The 104th Congress grappled with how to ensure that the U.S. retained a smaller, but capable, defense industry.
Date: January 9, 1997
Creator: Grasso, Valerie Bailey
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Manufacturing, Technology, and Competitiveness (open access)

Manufacturing, Technology, and Competitiveness

This report discusses increases in the productivity of American firms to maintain competitiveness in the international marketplace.
Date: January 12, 1999
Creator: Schacht, Wendy H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electricity Restructuring Background: Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA) (open access)

Electricity Restructuring Background: Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA)

This report provides background information on PUHCA, including its history and impact. It also discusses how PUHCA reform fits into the current electric utility industry restructuring debate. This report will be updated as events warrant. For related information on electricity restructuring, see the CRS Electronic Briefing Book.
Date: January 7, 1999
Creator: Abel, Amy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Property Rights Issue (open access)

The Property Rights Issue

The property rights issue arises because societal goals are sometimes pursued through government restrictions on the use of private property. At bottom, it is the age-old conflict between public goals and private rights.
Date: January 20, 1995
Creator: Meltz, Robert
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sex Discrimination in Education: Overview of Title IX (open access)

Sex Discrimination in Education: Overview of Title IX

Congressional Research Service (CRS) report entailing an overview of title IX in regards to sex discrimination in education. Topics include, a history of IX, changes attributed to title IX, continuing controversies, etc..
Date: January 14, 1998
Creator: Gladstone, Leslie W. & Galemore, Gary L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Grants Work in a Congressional Office (open access)

Grants Work in a Congressional Office

Members of Congress often get requests from constituents for information and help in obtaining funds for projects. Many state and local governments, nonprofit social service and community action organizations, private research groups, small businesses, and individuals approach congressional offices to find out about funding, both from the federal government and from the private sector. The success rate in obtaining federal assistance is not high, given the competition for federal funds. A grants staff’s effectiveness often depends on both an understanding of the grants process and on the relations it establishes with agency and other contacts. The following report does not constitute a blueprint for every office involved in grants and projects activity, nor does it present in-depth information about all aspects of staff activity in this area. The discussion is aimed at describing some basics about the grants process and some of the approaches and techniques used by congressional offices in dealing with this type of constituent service.
Date: January 24, 1997
Creator: Gerli, Merete
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
House Committee Markup: Preparation (open access)

House Committee Markup: Preparation

Markups provide Members on a committee an opportunity to change parts of a bill prior to its consideration by the full House. A number of administrative, procedural, and substantive steps must be undertaken in preparation for a markup, and other steps could or should be undertaken. Generally, the markup should be strategically planned to minimize controversy, provide Members with political dividends, and position the committee for future action. This report is intended as a guide for various tasks that could be accomplished by committee staff in order to prepare a smooth committee markup.
Date: January 11, 1999
Creator: Schneider, Judy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
House Committee Jurisdiction and Referral: Rules and Practice (open access)

House Committee Jurisdiction and Referral: Rules and Practice

This report briefly discusses the factors that determine House committee jurisdiction and more specifically House Rule X.
Date: January 21, 1999
Creator: Schneider, Judy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sponsorship and Cosponsorship of House Bills (open access)

Sponsorship and Cosponsorship of House Bills

None
Date: January 21, 1999
Creator: Sachs, Richard C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
House Committee Markup: Reporting (open access)

House Committee Markup: Reporting

At the end of the amendment process, the chair normally entertains a motion to report a measure favorably to the House. This report addresses the procedural options committees have regarding the form of reporting, such as what happens to amendments adopted in markup, as well as other considerations at the time of reporting.
Date: January 11, 1999
Creator: Schneider, Judy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
House Rules Governing Committee Markup Procedures (open access)

House Rules Governing Committee Markup Procedures

This report provides general guidance to committees for conducting meetings to mark up legislation.
Date: January 27, 1999
Creator: Bach, Stanley
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library