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The objective of this project is to develop a pellet formulation which is capable of achieving low sulfur partial pressures and a high capacity for sulfur, loaded from a hot fuel gas and which is readily regenerable. Furthermore the pellet must be strong for potential use in a fluidized bed and regenerable over many cycles of loading and regeneration. Regeneration should be in air or oxygen-depleted air to produce a high-concentration sulfur dioxide. Fixed-bed tests were conducted with several formulations of manganese sesquioxide and titania, and alumina They were subject to a simplified fuel gas of the oxygen-blown Shell type spiked with a 30,000ppmv concentration of H{sub 2}S. Pellet crush strengths for 4 and 2mm diameter pellets was typically 12 lbs per pellet and 4 lbs per pellet, respectively. For the most favorable of the formulations tested and under the criteria of break-through at less than 100ppmv H2S and loading temperatures of 500{degrees}C and an empty-bed space velocity of 4,000 per hour, breakthrough occurred an effective loading of sulfur of 27 to 29% over 5 loading and regeneration cycles. At 90% of this saturation condition, the observed level of H{sub 2}S was below 10ppmv. For regeneration, a temperature of 900{degrees}C …

This report summarizes the sampling activities undertaken and the analytical results obtained in a soil sampling and analyses study performed for the 218 E-8 Borrow Pit Demolition Site (218 E-8 Demolition Site). The 218 E-8 Demolition Site is identified as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) treatment unit that will be closed in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. The site was used for the thermal treatment of discarded explosive chemical products. No constituents of concern were found in concentrations indicating contamination of the soil by 218 E-8 Demolition Site activities.

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Over the past 30 years, U.S. trade negotiators have pressured Japan to open its market to foreign goods and services. These outside pressures, known as gaiatsu in Japan, have been based partly on economically coercive bargaining and partly on invitation. The coercive element, which has entailed threats of retaliatory market constriction should a satisfactory resolution of the market opening dispute not be forthcoming, generally has been a necessary ingredient in obtaining concessions from Japan. The invitational component, which has included requests for U.S. pressures from Japanese interests who favor reforms, generally has facilitated Japanese concessions and made the gaiatsu process unique.

The Rural Abandoned Mine Program (RAMP) was designed to restore agricultural land that has been disturbed by strip mining. The program is carried out by the Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service at a current cost of about $10 million per year--a modest share of total Federal abandoned surface mining reclamation efforts that currently exceed $110 million per year, and that has been higher in the past. Critics contend that the RAMP program is inefficient and duplicates other Federal and State reclamation activities. Proponents contend that the effort has been underfunded and thus unable to fulfill its goals and to realize potential efficiencies. With the efforts of the 104th Congress to cut Federal expenditures and programs, the RAMP program appears highly vulnerable to being cut or eliminated.

The Bureau of the Census estimated the U.S. resident population at nearly 262.0 million as of March 1, 1995, up 5.3% from 248.7 million in 1990, 15.6% from 226.5 million in 1980, and 73.1% from 151.3 million in 1950. The population has grown, on average, by slightly under 1.1% a year since 1990—faster than the world's developed countries overall (0.6%), but slower than the developing countries (1.9%,). Current projections indicate a possible U.S. population of 392.0 million by 2050—over 250% growth in a century and nearly a 50% increase from 1995.

We review experiments and calculations of the compressible Richtmyer-Meshkov instability from a single-mode, nonlinear initial perturbation. These experiments were performed using the Nova laser. Measurements of the time-evolution of the mixing region were reported previously. We compared the experimental measurements with numerical simulations [1,2]. We found both experiment and simulation to be in good agreement with recent theories for the nonlinear evolution of the instability [3,4]. Experimental results beyond those previously presented provide additional support for the use of two phase flow models to describe the flow in the nonlinear regime. These experiments include measurement of the mixing region at additional times, including times earlier in the evolution of the instability than previously reported. We have also carried out experiments to examine the difference in the evolution of the instability from initial perturbations consisting of circular sawtooth grooves as well as rectilinear sawteeth. Our previous two-dimensional numerical simulations approximated the experimental linear grooves as circular grooves. We reasoned that the difference between the two cases would be small, based on scaling arguments, and limited to a very small region near the centerline. New experimental and numerical results confirm this. Finally, we discuss some additional issues in the derivation of the …

This document describes the SSF PLC Ladder Logic, Cross references, and the software that was used to control the amount of power applied to the SSF Trace Heated components.

The Spent Nuclear Fuels Program is in the process of planning activities to remove spent nuclear fuel and other materials from the 100-K Basins as a remediation effort for clean closure. The 105 K- East and K-West Basins store spent fuel, sludge, and debris. Sludge has accumulated in the 1 00 K Basins as a result of fuel oxidation and a slight amount of general debris being deposited, by settling, in the basin water. The ultimate intent in removing the sludge and fuel is to eliminate the environmental risk posed by storing fuel at the K Basins. The task for this project is to disposition specific constituents of sludge (metallic fuel) to produce a product stream through a pretreatment process that will meet the requirements, including a final particle size acceptable to the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS). The purpose of this task is to develop a preconceptual design package for the K Basin sludge pretreatment system. The process equipment/system is at a preconceptual stage, as shown in sketch ES-SNF-01 , while a more refined process system and material/energy balances are ongoing (all sketches are shown in Appendix C). Thus, the overall process and 0535 associated equipment have been conservatively …

For a preliminary safety evaluation of the Cold Vacuum Drying System, calculations for the flammable gas ignition scenario are provided. Hydrogen buildup from uranium corrosion in the MCO followed by inadvertent injection of oxygen and the presence of an ignition source leads to hydrogen deflagration that over pressurizes and releases radioactive particulate matter to the environment. The adiabatic flame temperature, MCO pressure and source term are calculated.

The electron beams produced by two different welders were examined using computer assisted tomographic (CT) analysis. The machines used are Hamilton Standard welders with 150 kV/50mA maximum. One machine uses a ribbon filament while the other uses a hairpin filament. The objective of this study was to characterize the beam power distribution on each machine to see if weld parameters could easily be transferred between machines. Beam focus, voltage, and current settings were pre-selected to duplicate the welding conditions used in LLNL program applications. The results show that the actual beam currents measured by Faraday cup are 5 to 10% higher for the first machine and 30% lower for the second. The CT analysis of the beam shapes shows that the hairpin filament welder produces an elliptical beam shape in the sharp focus condition that defocuses to a diamond shape. The ribbon filament welder produced less of an elliptical beam shape in the sharp focus condition, but when defocused, acquires an elliptical shape. CT analysis of the effects of defocus on the peak power density shows that the hairpin filament drops in peak power density much more quickly than the ribbon filament for a given amount of defocus. Furthermore, it …

Microautoclave tests confirmed that first-stage subbituminous coal conversions were greater in a more aromatic first-stage solvent. First-stage liquefaction tests with hydride ion `E` showed that high coal conversions can be obtained with a number of different first-stage water-gas-shift catalysts. Eight one-liter autoclave tests were completed. All tests used Black Thunder Mine subbituminous coal and Reilly Industries anthracene oil. Differences among the tests were the hydride ion reagent used, the post-run flash of water, and the shift catalyst. Filtration tests were conducted with five one-liter autoclave products of subbituminous coal. The filtration rates were slower than those that had been obtained with North Dakota lignite products, but were still within a commercially acceptable range. The influence of the first-stage shift catalyst on filtration rates is being investigated. Second-stage hydrotreating of products of tests made to simulate the British coal LSE process and the Wilsonville pilot plant preheaters had lower resid conversion and higher hydrogen uptake than the products of the hydride ion liquefaction reaction. The 300 mL second-stage reactor system went on line this quarter. Refinements in the experimental procedures are under way. A conceptual commercial plant design for the hydride ion reagent `A` case was completed. Evaluations of hydride ion …

The purpose of this report is twofold. First, this report documents the technical evaluation supporting the Project Hanford Management Contract (PHMC) contractor recommendation to close the Unreviewed Safety Question (USQ) as originally evaluated in TF-94-0260, Soil Compaction Test Data Indicates Soil Density in Excess of Density Used in Tank Qualification Analysis for AP Tank Farm. Second, this report describes the status of existing structural analyses for the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) waste storage structures and outlines the associated technical upgrades being considered by the contractor. This second feature of the report serves to communicate the distinction between the soil density issue which is the topic of the open USQ and other technical issues which are important to the contractor from a programmatic standpoint. Contractor actions to address the latter technical issues would support improvements in day-to-day operations (e.g., provide possible relaxations in soil load restrictions) but are not necessary to close the soil density USQ. Section 2.0 of this report documents the rationale for the PHMC contractor recommendation to the Department of Energy (DOE) to close the soil density USQ. Section 3.0 documents the recommended structural analyses improvements for the double-shell tanks (DSTs) which are the structures associated with …

A fast bolometer was used for direct measurements of parallel electron energy flux in the edge of TEXT-U. The fluctuating component of the parallel electron energy flux, combined with a measurement of magnetic fluctuations, provides an upper limit to the perpendicular electron flux. This magnetically driven energy flux cannot account for the observed energy flux.

Several low-Z refractory materials are evaluated for use as the NIF first wall in terms of their cost and ability to survive laser light, target emissions and debris, as well as be cleanable and not outgas excessively. Best performers contain B, C, or both, with B{sub 4}C being the best overall. It appears possible at this time that plasma-sprayed B{sub 4}C can be fabricated with low enough porosity and cost to be preferred to hot-pressed B{sub 4}C, the conservative choice.

The Base Contract program emphasized the manufacture and testing of superior sorbents for mercury removal, testing of the sorption process at a DOE site, and determination of the regeneration conditions in the laboratory. During this project, ADA Technologies, Inc. demonstrated the following key elements of a successful regenerable mercury sorption process: (1) sorbents that have a high capacity for dissolved, ionic mercury; (2) removal of ionic mercury at greater than 99% efficiency; and (3) thermal regeneration of the spent sorbent. ADA's process is based on the highly efficient and selective sorption of mercury by noble metals. Contaminated liquid flows through two packed columns that contain microporous sorbent particles on which a noble metal has been finely dispersed. A third column is held in reserve. When the sorbent is loaded with mercury to the point of breakthrough at the outlet of the second column, the first column is taken off-line and the flow of contaminated liquid is switched to the second and third columns. The spent column is regenerated by heating. A small flow of purge gas carries the desorbed mercury to a capture unit where the liquid mercury is recovered. Laboratory-scale tests with mercuric chloride solutions demonstrated the sorbents' ability …

The Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) is a general-purposed scientific data format developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. It supports metadata, compression, and a variety of data structures multidimensional arrays, raster images, tables. FORTRAN 77 and ANSI C programming interfaces are available for it and a wide variety of visualization tools read HDF files. The author discusses the features of this file format and its possible uses in TRANSIMS.

We discuss the motivation for resummation of the effects of initial-state soft gluon radiation, to all orders in the strong coupling strength, for processes in which the near-threshold region in the partonic subenergy is important. We summarize our calculation of the total cross section for top quark production at hadron colliders. Comments are included on the differences between our treatment of subleading logarithmic terms and other methods.

Preliminary results of three-dimensional simulations of compressible Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities and turbulent mixing in an ideal gas using the piecewise-parabolic method (PPM) with and without molecular dissipation terms are presented. Simulations with spatial resolutions up to 512 were performed. Two types of convergence studies are presented. The first investigates the Reynolds numbers for which the simulations with molecular dissipation are converged with respect to spatial resolution, and the second investigates whether PPM simulations at different spatial resolutions reproduce fully-resolved PPM simulations with molecular dissipation. Finally, statistical analyses of the data are discussed, including spectra and horizontally-averaged terms in the kinetic energy and enstrophy density evolution equations. The application of this statistical data to the development and testing of subgrid-scale models appropriate for compressible Rayleigh-Taylor instability-induced turbulent mixing is discussed.

This test procedure specifies instructions for acceptance testing of software for exhaust fan control under Project ESPT (Energy Savings Performance Contract). The software controls the operation of two emergency exhaust fans when there is a power failure. This report details the results of acceptance testing for the MICON software upgrades. One of the modifications is that only one of the emergency fans will operate at all times. If the operating fan shuts off or fails, the other fan will start and the operating fan will be stopped.

We study the two-dimensional global scale magnetic field structure for a system of two merging cylindrical plasmas in a steady state. In the limit of very large magnetic Reynolds numbers the reconnection process is slow, and the plasma almost everywhere finds itself in magnetostatic equilibrium. We show that under certain conditions the classical Syrovatskii-type Y-point configuration, with surface current concentrated only in the reconnection layer, is not possible. Instead, a cusp configuration is formed, with finite surface current in the separatrix. The equilibrium condition, together with constraints on the volume per flux, enables us to determine the shape of the separatrix and the magnetic field in the vicinity of the cusp point. Our solution is characterized by a singular power law dependence of current density on the flux coordinate ({psi}) near the separatrix: j({Psi}) {approx} |{Psi}|{sup -1/2}. This solution gives us the boundary conditions that are needed to find the flow in the reconnection and the separatrix regions.

At this stage, the main emphasis is on the Field Demonstration phase of the project. The drilling portion of the Field Demonstration has been divided into two separate phases. We are currently proceeding with the drilling and completion of the first eleven Phase I wells. Locations for the additional seven Phase III wells were chosen at a Technical Committee meeting during the first week of June. Preliminary results have been very encouraging as all the wells are producing at or above their forecasted rates. Phase I includes the drilling of four producers and one injection well (10-acre nominal spacing) in both the Section 329 study area and the Section 326/327 study area, as well as one producing well in Section 362. Phase I will be completed during the first week of July. Phase II drilling will involve the completion of the waterflood patterns to the west of the Phase I areas in Sections 329 and 327, consisting of two producers and one injection well in each area. The final Phase II well will be located near the southwest corner of Section 324, in an area of the Unit that remains relatively undrained. Producer-injection well conversions will be performed in this …