Equations based on kinetic theory relate the contamination of refractory metals in vacuum to the appropriate variables. Several examples are given for which the allowable system pressures are calculated. The examples illustrate the effect of varying several parameters. The importance of the sticking factor for active gases on hot refractory metals and its effect on the system design are discussed. The data for estimating the sticking factor for O/sub 2/ on Nb are given, along with some estimated values. Experimental data on the composition and rates of outgassing of ultrahigh-vacuum systems and their importance in system design are discussed. Several methods of reducing contamination rates and the relative ease and effectiveness of these methods are presented. It was concluded that tests of 1000 hr or longer will probably require system pressures of between 10/sup -9/ and 10/sup -6/ torr, the particular pressure depending upon the residual gas composition, test duration, allowable contamination level, and the other variables discussed. Since the most important source of contamination in a properly designed ultrahigh-vacuum system is the outgassing process, bakeable systems should be designed to operate with walls as cool as practical, and to have a minimum of surface area and outgassing materials inside. …

The study of the mechanism of free-radical formation and decay in polymeric materials was continued and extended to include an investigation of the potential application of this information to the development of novel graft copolymers. The study of postirradiation grafting techniques employing both peroxide initiation and direct grafting was continued. In addition, the effect of molecular weight on site formation was further investigated. Licenses and license applications for approximately 300 by-product material licenses were reviewed to obtain information on environmental conditions of source usage. The feasibility of testing sealed-source response to normal environments by accelerated test procedures was studied. Indications are that the approach will probably not be applicable to either vibration or abrasion stresses but may be for corrosion stresses. (auth)

This report is about Mined Land Reclamation Requirements.

This report is about the north korean policy

This report provides a bibliography of resources related to the National Assessment of Education program administered by the Education Commission of the United States.

This report is about developments in the United States during the Kennedy administration.

This report deals exclusively with the necessity for Senate confirmation when an Associate Justice is elevated to the Chief Justice of the United States. The paper assumes sub silentio that Congress is in session when the appointment is made.

The results of Spert I in-pile transient tests of a rodtype, low- enrichment UO/sub 2/ fuel element are presented. The tests were performed to investigate the possibility of damage to such long thermal-time-constant fuel rods when subjected to short-period power excursions, and to test the effectiveness of an instrumentation technique for measurement of UO/sub 2/ fuel temperatures within the rods. In an initial series of power excursion tests, in which the range of reactor periods was from approximately 1 sec to 7.5 msec, simultaneous measurements were made of the transient temperature at the center of the fuel rod and at the outer cladding surface. Fuel rod rupture occurred during the exponential rise of the 7.5-msec excursion. Similar short-period tests performed on a second fuel rod contain ing no internal thermocouples did not result in cladding failure, supporting the postulation that rupture of the first rod was caused by waterlogging of the UO/sub 2/ as a result of the cladding penetrations made for installation of the internal thermocouples. Calculations of the transient temperature distribution in the fuel rod were made, and the results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data obtained on the central-UO/sub 2/ and cladding-surface …

The experimental plan for irradiating BeO pellets in Experiments ORNL 41- 8 and ORNL 41-9 was chosen in accordance with the principles of experimental design. The design is known by statisticians as a 2/sup 5/ factorial experiment confound'' in six replications. Five variables---size, density, grain size, temperature and time--are controlled at two levels to form the basic 2i factorial experiment. The sixth variable, neutron flux, is introduced by confounding on higher-order interactions. An explanation is presented in nontechnical language the means by which the aims of the experimenters and the physical conditions affecting the experiment were utilized in constructing the experimental design. (auth)

Continued research is reported in the areas of intrinsic radioactive tracers for industrial process control and the effects of structural factors on radioinduced graft polymerization. The use of Be-- Po neutron sources for production of short-lived isotopes is being investigated. Data are included on the effects of target volume, high-Z scattering media, target-isotope concentration, and macroscopic cross-section on speciflc and total activation produced with a 10-curie source. Research on graft-polyerization concerning the effects of structure on freetinued. Results indicate that the radical formed in a variety of substituted methacrylate polymers is the same in all cases. (J.R.D.)

A summary of the progress on development of the ALGOL compiler for the Control Data Corporation 1604 Computer is presented. This computer is based on machine-independent specifications developed at ORNL. A brief description of the structure of the compiler is included along with discussions concerning language restrictions, the hardware language representation, and the required equipment configuration. An example illustrates the generated program instructions. (auth)

Concentrations of fission products in the fuel and in the coolant stream of a generalized reactor power plant employing unclad fuel material were calculated using actual fission-product chains and wide ranges of assumed values of escape rate from the fuel and removal rate from the coolant stream. The calculations were made on an IBM 704 digital computer. Some typical results are displayed in the form of graphs to illustrate the effects of the variables. As data on escape rates from fuel and removal rates from coolant become available, the tables and graphs developed by this study can be used to estimate the fissionproduct concentration in the coolant stream, which would in turn furnish a basis for determining the degree of coolant purification required to maintain the circulating activity below a given level. (auth)

The utilization of physical and chemical processes to reduce the rate of vapor loss of thermionic emitters composed of mixed carbides of U and Zr in order to increase the permissible operating temperature is being studied. Preliminary, qualitative results obtained from study of physical redeposition processes showed that increasing the collector temperature may markedly reduce the rate of weight loss from a UC emitter operating at 2053 deg K. The requisite experimental equipment for studies of chemical transport processes was designed and constructed. Experiments will proceed through both a physical chemistry approach to an understanding of the transport processes and a technique to evaluate the efficacy of possible combinations of chemical species by monitoring the electron emission from diodes containing such mixtures. (auth)

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Tests were conducted to determine whether a time limitation exists on the use of internally water-cooled hollow copper conductors operating at densities of up to 330,000 amps/in/sup 2/. Using demineralized water, having a specific resistivity of 4 to 9 x 10/sup 6/ ohm-cm, no indication of a decrease in heat transfer coefficient as a function of time was observed. However, metallographic examination revealed that corrosion--erosion does occur at a slow rate. Using process water there was a time dependent decrease in heat transfer coefficient and a consequent rise in metal temperature. The subsequent use of demineralized water in the same conductor again produced stable heat transfer, over the time spans investigated, 192 hours. The maximum total time investigated was 873 hours for one conductor. (auth)

The study of the formation mechanism of free radicals in polymeric materials was continued. Emphasis was placed on an examination of the effect of structural factors on the efficiency of free-radical site formation in acrylate polymers. Site measurements as a function of dose were made for polymethacrylamide and repeated for polymethacrylic acid. The volatile products from the irradiation of polyacrylic acid. polymethacrylic acid, poly-ter- butylmethacrylate. and polycyclohexyl methacrylate were measured quantitatively by mass spectrometry and vapor-phase chromatography. Grafting studies were initiated using polymethylmethacrylate as base polymer and vinylpyrrolidone as graft monomer. (auth)

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An investigation was made into the various processes for the fixation of mixed fission products as solids in order to determine the extent they could be utilized as heat sources for thermoelectric generators. Generators of up to ten watts can be designed and built with state-of-art'' thermoelectric materials and mixed fission products soon to be available from the ldaho Falls calcination pilot plant. Mixed fission products from other processes and plants to be on stream'' in this decade will be capable of fueling practical generators into the kilowatt range using thermoelectric materials available in the same time period. A survey was made on current research and development eIforts on waste fixation processes. Studies showed that a wide range of power densities (from 0.002 to 0.2 watts per cubic centimeter) will be available from calcined fission product wasted. An experimental program for the consolidation of low density, ldaho Chemical Processing Plant alumina type wastes is reviewed. Preliminary results indicated that densification factors of three to four are readily obtainable for such wastes. Bulk densities of 0.8 g/cc were increased to 2.9 g/cc by selective use of fluxes and cold compacting techniques. This means that power densities of up to.001 w/cc will …

Calculations are made to determine the safe steadystate power operating limits of the Spert III reactor from the viewpoint of fuel plate burnout. A computer program is developed for the IBM 704 to aid in these calculations. The Bettis design departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) equation is used in conjunction with the LeTourneau and Grimble method of hot channel'' analysis in the development of the calculations. For cases where DNB occurs in the bulk boiling region, a modified Martinelli-Nelson twophase flow correlation and some experimental singlephase pressure drop data are employed. DNB for a typical operating condition of 550 deg F inlet temperature and 2500 psig is computed to check the code. The results of the sample calculation show that at a steady- state power level of 60 Mw (maximum design power) the minimum flow rate required to prevent DNB is approximately 8000 gpm. (auth)

Description of a data collection and reporting system which was devised and installed in the Union Carbide Nuclear Company's Y-12 Plant Maintenance Division.

A new theory is proposed to evaluate individual mass-transfer coefficients without actual experiment.

When particle physics is a closed subject which has been condensed into a text book, the material will surely be organized by concepts and not according to what fact was learned on what accelerator. But short of that day facilities must be designed, planned, and developed, and experiments must be executed on one of a number of available accelerators; and a very necessary point of view is to ask what physics can be done with one facility, in contrast to another. It is in this spirit that, in this note, we look at electron colliding beam devices. In the first section we discuss the physics that can be done with colliding electron beams. After some general remarks we review the experiments already performed, and then turn to experiments planned for the future. The physics that can be done with any accelerator is a strong function of the physics of the accelerator. Every reader of this Journal knows what determines the energy of an accelerator, but the physics that determines the beam intensity, quality, and pulse length is perhaps not so well known. In fact, we plan to devote a future Comment to the physics that limits the performance of conventional …

The differential cross section for charge-exchange scattering of negative pions by hydrogen has been observed at 230, 260, 290, 317, and 371 Mev. The reaction was observed by detecting one gamma ray from the {pi}{sup 0} decay with a scintillation-counter telescope.

This report summarizes several reports pertaining to uranium processing.