This report describes how solar system tanks fail to stratify, a new solar system control strategy that allows stratification, a one-dimensional analytical model of thermally stratified tanks, experimental measurement of thermal stratification in tanks, correlation of experimental measurements with empirical constants in the analytical model, and a procedure for designing thermally stratified tanks. Failure to stratify is explained in terms of the critical Richardson number. The key to the new control strategy is to avoid a Richardson number that decreases during solar collection. The analytical model is an approximate solution based on assumptions that (1) the solution is a function of elevation and time, only, (2) plug flow exists, (3) flow rate is constant, (4) the cross-sectional areas of the tank and tank wall are constant, (5) there is a step change of inlet temperature, (6) there is heat transfer between the tank wall and the water, and (7) thermal losses from the tank are negligible. Empirical constants in the theory are determined by adjusting them until the best least-squares fit with experimental data is obtained and correlating the constants with the Fourier and Richardson numbers. The new control strategy allows tanks to stratify and reduces the average collector operating …

The application of neutron activation analysis to the determination of element release from simulated nuclear waste forms during leaching is described for several different glasses. Potential neutron irradiation effects are discussed, and it is shown, by a series of leach tests on activated and non-activated glass samples, that neutron irradiation has no discernible effect on the release of silicon and cesium during leaching. The radioisotopes best suited for analysis with this method and their associated detection limits are identified, and the method's applicability to waste forms other than glass is discussed.

This evaluation of radiation effects in silicate glasses caused by ionization is based on our own investigations, on material collected in our files (reports, articles, and notes), and on a computer literature search through recent issues of Physics Abstracts and Chemical Abstracts (and the apparently pertinent references which appeared). Some of the recent results, available heretofore only in internal correspondence, are presented in some detail. It is concluded that research into the behavior of silicate glasses generally will be required before the specific effects in the radioactive waste storage glasses can be properly understood and evaluated. Two particular neglected areas of investigation are targeted for immediate concern: a kinetic analysis of annealing data and the acquisition of data on effects of irradiation at controlled elevated temperatures.

Newton's method plays a central role in the development of numerical techniques for optimization. In fact, most of the current practical methods for optimization can be viewed as variations on Newton's method. It is therefore important to understand Newton's method as an algorithm in its own right and as a key introduction to the most recent ideas in this area. One of the aims of this expository paper is to present and analyze two main approaches to Newton's method for unconstrained minimization: the line search approach and the trust region approach. The other aim is to present some of the recent developments in the optimization field which are related to Newton's method. In particular, we explore several variations on Newton's method which are appropriate for large scale problems, and we also show how quasi-Newton methods can be derived quite naturally from Newton's method.

This report covers the research, development, and management activities of the programs involving high-performance lithium-aluminum/iron sulfide batteries at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and at contractors' laboratories during the period October 1980 through September 1981. These batteries, which are being developed for electric-vehicle propulsion and stationary energy-storage applications, consist of vertically oriented prismatic cells with one or more inner positive electrodes of FeS or FeS2, facing negative electrodes of lithium-aluminum, and molten LiCl-KC1 electrolyte.

Report issued by the National Bureau of Standards over transporting discrete solids in partially-filled flow pipes. The methods and application of drainage flow are discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report issued by the National Bureau of Standards over testing procedures used for solar domestic water heating systems. Testing methods are discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Partial abstract: "The development of waterborne geophysical systems and techniques has provided the geotechnical community with an array of data acquisition tools that can be applied to the fluvial environment. The major purpose of the study described in this report is to evaluate the performance, application, and capability of selected waterborne acoustic profiling systems for streambank erosion studies in fluvial environments. Additional objectives of the study reported herin were to present types of available survey ssytems and related support equipment and to describe techniques for using the systems and equipment."

From abstract: Tests on the Chesapeake Bay hydraulic model were conducted to specifically investigate possible changes in the hydrodynamic characteristics of velocity, salinity, and tidal elevations associated with the proposed channel enlargements.

Appendices containing uranium occurrence data for the Kalispell Quadrangle in addition to chemical analyses data to accompany a report on U.S. uranium resources in Montana.

Appendices containing uranium occurrence reports from the White Sulphur Springs Quadrangle in addition to analyses and site location data to accompany a report on U.S. uranium resources in Montana.

Appendices containing data on uranium availability in the Vya Quadrangle to accompany a report on U.S. uranium resources in Nevada, Oregon, and California.

From introduction: This report contains the findings of the first full year of data collected as part of a 3-year study to measure sediment discharges in the East Branch Mahoning Creek during installation of erosion and sedimentation controls by the surface miners.

From introduction: This report describes rainfall-runoff modeling for three subbasins of the West Branch Brandywine Creek basin. Effects of increased runoff from continued urbanization of the basin and of proposed flood-control structures for both the present and projected population are evaluated for the West Branch Brandwyne Creek at Coatesville and Modena and for Sucker Run at State Route 82.

From abstract: At the Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation plant, Mulberry, Florida, high-chloride, acidic liquid wastes are injected into a dolomite section at depths below about 4,000 feet below land surface. Sonar caliper logs made in April 1976 revealed a solution chamber that is about 100 feet in height and has a maximum diameter of 23 feet in the injection zone.

From Introduction: "The Kalispell Quadrangle, in northwestern Montana (Fig. 1), was evaluated to identify geologic environments and delineate areas that exhibit characteristics favorable for uranium deposits. Favorable environments, as determined by surface and subsurface investigations, are those that could contain uranium deposits of at least 100 tons U3O8 at an average grade not less than 100 ppm U3O8."

From Introduction: "The Vya 2º quadrangle (Fig. 1), in northwestern Nevada and small portions of California and Oregon, was evaluated to identify geologic environments and to delineate areas that have characteristics favorable for uranium deposits. Reconnaissance sampling in the Vya Quadrangle began in 1978, but final evaluation of the uranium favorability of the quadrangle was began in 1978, but final evaluation of the uranium favorability of the quadrangle was begun in June 1980."

From Purpose: "The White Sulphur Springs Quadrangle, in west-central Montana between latitude 46º and 47ºN. and longitude 110º and 112ºW. (Fig. 1), was evaluated to identify geologic environments and delineate areas that exhibit characteristics favorable for uranium deposits. Favorable environments, as determined by surface and subsurface investigations, are those that could contain uranium deposits of at least 100 tons U3O8 at an average not less than 100 ppm U3O8."

From purpose and scope: The purpose of this report is to present and interpret information on water-quality conditions in the Broward County canal system from 1969-74 for use by agencies involved with water management and other interested concerns or individuals.

Information is presented for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods on streams in South Carolina. Flood-frequency characteristics for 151 gaging stations were related to basin characteristics by multiple regression techniques for each of four physiographic provinces. Equations were derived to estimate flood magnitudes at recurrence intervals ranging from 2 to 100 years on streams with drainage areas greater than 1.0 square mile. Examples demonstrate the procedure for computing flood-frequency discharge for sites on gaged and ungaged streams in South Carolina. Relationships of flood discharge and frequency to drainage area are presented for the main stem of major streams. A compilation of flood records for gaging stations in South Carolina is presented as supplemental data.

Tabulated data presenting the results of field measurements and elemental analyses for ground water, stream water, and stream sediment samples taken from data collection sites in the state of Arkansas. Neutron activation analyses are given for U, Br, Cl, F, Mn, Na, Al, V, and Dy in ground water and stream water, and for U, Th, Hf, Ce, Fe, Mn, Na, Sc, -Ti, V, Al, Dy, Eu, La, Sm, Yb, and Lu in sediments (see pages 19-34 of report).

Tabulated data presenting the results of field measurements and elemental analyses for ground water, stream water, and stream sediment samples taken from data collection sites in the state of Oklahoma. Neutron activation analyses are given for U, Br, Cl, F, Mn, Na, Al, V, and Dy in ground water and stream water, and for U, Th, Hf, Ce, Fe, Mn, Na, Sc, -Ti, V, Al, Dy, Eu, La, Sm, Yb, and Lu in sediments (see pages 19-34 of report).

Tabulated data presenting the results of elemental analyses for stream sediment samples taken from 3292 data collection sites in the state of Arkansas. Results of Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Elemental Determination-Methods and Detection Limits are given in ppm (see page 18 of report).

Tabulated data presenting the results of field measurements and elemental analyses for ground water samples taken from 814 data collection sites in the state of Mississippi. Neutron activation analyses are given for U, Br, Cl, F, Mn, Na, Al, V, and Dy in ground water and stream water (see pages 19-34 of report).