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An attempt was made to relate episodes of air pollution at Barrow, Alaska, containing vanadium, to the behavior of planetary waves in middle and high latitudes. A stationarity index for planetary waves is defined as the ratio between amplitudes computed from monthly mean maps and the mean amplitudes computed on a daily basis and averaged over the same month, irrespective of phase angle. Longitude-time sections of 500-mb height anomalies at various latitudes are related to vanadium pollution episodes at Barrow.

Extrusion and rolling processes exhibiting large amounts of plastic flow are analyzed using a finite element technique that is based on a modified creeping viscous flow approximation. The technique, called the initial stress-rate method, iteratively corrects creeping viscous flow solutions to generate results that include elastic response. The momentum equations have been coupled with the energy equation to provide the capability to predict thermomechanical response during forming operations.

Cw laser action has been extended down to 220 nm. Moreover, cw oscillation has been obtained on twenty additional transitions in the spectral range between 220 and 320 nm. Ultra-violet laser thresholds as low as 2 A have been observed. In comparison, rare gas ion lasers require 20 to 50 A to reach threshold. Metals of interest are sputtered into the discharge giving metal densities of 10/sup 14/ atoms cm/sup -3/ without using external ovens or discharge heating. Recent attempts to scale the output power levels to 1 W cw are presented with particular emphasis on the 780 nm transitions of Cu II and the 840 nm transitions of Ag II.

Two types of evacuated tube solar collectors have been operated in space heating, cooling and domestic hot water heating systems in Colorado State University Solar House I. An experimental collector from Corning Glass Works supplied heat to the system from January 1977 through February 1978, and an experimental collector from Philips Research Laboratory, Aachen, which is currently in use, has been operating since August 1978. A flat absorber plate inside a single-walled glass tube is used in the Corning design, whereas heat is conducted through a single glass wall to an external heat exchanger plate in the Philips collector. In comparison with conventional flat-plate collectors, both types show reduced heat losses and improved efficiency. For space heating and hot water supply in winter, the solar delivery efficiency of the Corning collector ranged from 49% to 60% of the incident solar energy. The portion of the space heating and domestic hot water load carried by solar energy through fall and winter ranged from 50% to 74%, with a four-month contribution of 61% of the total requirements. Data on the Philips collector are currently being analyzed.

Electric power generation by conventional Rankine cycle heat engines with heat supplied by line-focus solar collectors was investigated. The objectives of the study were: (1) determine which of four types of line-focus solar collectors coupled with turbine-generators of conventional design has the potential to produce low-cost electric power with thermal energy in 100 to 300/sup 0/C range; (2) develop performance and cost relationships for organic Rankine cycle engines for power generation capacities from 3 MW/sub e/ to 300 MW/sub e/; (3) develop conceptual storage units for organic fluid systems. Evaluation procedures and study results and conclusion are presented and discussed in detail. (WHK)

The coupling reaction of benzyl halides and organolithium, organotin, or Grignard Reagents is catalyzed by palladium. The sequence of events in the catalytic cycle is oxidative addition of the benzyl halide to palladium(0), methathesis by the organometallic reagent to give a benzyl methyl palladium(II) complex, oxidative addition of the benzyl halide to give a palladium(IV) complex, and reductive elimination of benzyl and methyl to give ethylbenzene. The reductive elimination from palladium bearing an optically active ..cap alpha..-deuteriobenzyl group takes place with retention of configuration at carbon, and is therefore concerted or nearly concerted. Since rho is positive in the catalytic reaction with substituted aryl halides, an oxidative addition, probably during the Pd(II) to Pd(IV) reaction, is the slow step in the catalytic cycle. The intermediate diorganopalladium species can be isolated when the two groups attached to palladium are both methyl or methyl and either cis or trans-..beta..-styryl. The decomposition of these species can be followed by NMR. In the case of methylstyrylpalladium(II) complexes, the reductive elimination gives propenyl benzene with stereospecific retention of double bond geometry. Cis-dimethylbis(diphenylmethylphosphine)palladium(II) does not undergo isomerization to the more stable trans isomer in an inert solvent, and is stable toward reductive elimination up to 50/sup …

The following document is a third-year progress report for the period June 1, 1978 to May 31, 1979. The overall objective of the project is to study the effects of seeding techniques, species mixtures, fertilizer, ecotypes, improved plant materials, mycorrhizal fungi, and soil microorganisms on the initial and final stages of reclamation obtained through seeding and subsequent succession on disturbed oil shale lands. Plant growth medias that are being used in field-established test plots include retorted shale, soil over retorted shale, subsoil materials, and surface disturbed topsoils. Because of the long-term nature of successional and ecologically oriented studies the project is just beginning to generate significant publications. Several of the studies associated with the project have some phases being conducted principally in the laboratories and greenhouses at Colorado State Univerisity. The majority of the research, however, is being conducted on a 20 hectare Intensive Study Site located near the focal points of oil shale activity in the Piceance Basin. The site is at an elevation of 2,042 m, receives approximately 30 to 55 cm of precipitation annually, and encompasses the plant communities most typical of the Piceance Basin. Most of the information contained in this report originated from the monitoring …

Fly ash derived from coal combustion contains predominantly spherical particles which consist of an insoluble aluminosilicate glass containing several mineral impurities. An outer layer, 50 to 300 A thick, is rich in many potentially toxic trace elements in the form of simple and complex sulfates. This layer, which is soluble in water, contains essentially all of the particulate sulfur present in fly ash in the form of sulfate. The actual mechanism(s) of formation of particulate sulfate salts are ill-defined but probably involve adsorption of condensation of gaseous sulfur species onto fly ash surfaces within the power plant stack system.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the monocotyledonous angiosperm, Ornithogalum virens (Quintanilha and Cabral, 1947), could be used in such a biological assay system. After exposing O. virens plants to acute (/sup 60/Co) and chronic (/sup 137/Cs) gamma radiation and internal beta radiation (/sup 32/P), lethality (LD/sub 50/, LD/sub 100/), growth inhibition, and chromosome aberrations were investigated. The LD/sub 50/ and LD/sub 100/ for acute gamma radiation were estimated to be between 0.91 to 1.8 krad and less than 3.6 krad, respectively. Though growth inhibition and abnormal growth were observed in the acute and chronic gamma radiation studies, the changes in the growth of the plants were so variable that these parameters were found to be unreliable measures of radiation effects. Chromosome aberrations were a more reliable measure of radiation damage because linear relationships between total aberrations and dose were found for both gamma and beta radiation.

Substantial progress has been made towards implementing all of the prescribed studies and satisfying the stated objectives since the Oil Shale Rehabilitation Project was actively initiated in June 1976. Concurrent with implementation, research objectives were substantively defined and supplemented without distracting or departing from the original purpose. Current studies are designed to fill voids in the present status of knowledge regarding lands disturbed by an impending oil shale industry in Colorado. The efforts of all contributing investigators have therefore been integrated and directed toward the goal of developing methodologies requisite for restoring diverse and complex ecosystems which will require only a minimal amount of maintenance or input of scarce resources. An intensive study site southeast of the Oil Shale Tract C-a has been obtained through a Cooperative Agreement with the Bureau of Land Management. Following this agreement, most subprojects were initiated at the intensive site. Additional programs will be implemented as spent shale becomes available this summer. Studies conducted principally in the laboratory and greenhouse, such as the microbiological and plant genetic studies, have achieved significant results.

The absorption process of particulate matter at an air-water interface was studied by means of a Monte Carlo Simulation. This absorption process does not appear to be significantly different from similar processes over stationary boundaries. Especially an increased flux toward the boundary as the result of more effective particle removal due to wave action could not be observed. The particular nature of the tracer prevents this from happening.

The occurrence of mistral winds in the Mediterranean shows a correlation with blocking activity over the eastern Atlantic. Apparently for this reason periods with a ''midwinter dip'' in the zonal available potential energy of the northern hemisphere are favored by mistral occurrence. There also is a tendency for a 22- to 26-day cycle to appear in pressure gradients at the 500- and 100-mb surfaces along the southern coast of France. Such pressure gradients, if they exceed a certain magnitude, are indicative of mistral episodes.

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It is considered that the short term stability of n-GaAs PEC's in a ferrocene-based, ambient temperature molten salt electrolyte is reasonably good. However, longer term evaluation is required to determine the extent and significance of corrosion, stability, etc. Extremely few fundamental studies have been made of the semiconductor/molten salt interphase and experiments in this area would be most useful. Indeed, even the design parameters for PECs of any kind have not been quantitatively delineated and present consideration will be given to models for PEC solar cells and limitations caused by ion transport in the electrolyte. The MoSe/sub 2/ and MoS/sub 2/ electrodes appear to have substrate reproducibility and transport limitations that make them unsuitable candidates for efficient PEC's at this time. Similarly, the lack of availability of high quality CuInSe/sub 2/ and CuInS/sub 2/ substrates limits the quantitative experimental evaluation of their utility for PEC applications. We are presently focusing attention on CdSe/CdTe mixtures and CdS as electrodes as well as Si and GaAs in molten salt and polyelectrolyte solutions. The system for solar cell evaluation and network analysis of substrates and cells was mode operational. Preliminary work on economic and theoretical modelling was begun. Progress is reported. (WHK)

Three laser research programs are proposed: (1) to find new laser systems in the wavelength region between 2000 and 4500 A; (2) to attempt scaling lasers to high output power; and (3) to focus research on metal vapor laser systems which have promise of high efficiency. Twenty-eight new laser transitions from Cu II spanning the wavelength region from 2486 to 7988 A have been observed. A list of papers and conferences are given that summarize the metal vapor laser research. (TFD)