The synthesis of sucrose from C{sup 14}0{sub 22} by green algae has been investigated and the intermediates separated by the method of paper chromatography. It is shown that sucrose is the first free sugar appearing during photosynthesis. It is apparently formed by condensation of the glucose-I-phosphate and a fructose phosphate. A series of radioautographs of paper chromatograms of extracts from plants which have photosynthesized for different periods of time has been prepared. The results indicate that 2-phosphoglyceric acid is the first product synthesized from C0{sub 2} during photosynthesis.

This progress report discusses activities at the P Division for the month of November 1948. All piles operated at 275 megawatts (MW) throughout the month except for outages listed under Area Activities in this report and except that F Pile operated at a reduced level during the first half of the month. This operation at reduced level was incident to the leaking process tube reported last month. A total of 81.4 tons of metal was discharged from the piles during the month. The 300 Area canned a total of 150 tons of acceptable slugs during the month to establish a new production record. On November 29 the operating schedule for the Melt Plant was changed from a three-shift to a two-shift, six-day week schedule. The backlog of material largely had been worked off and the new schedule is adequate for processing the current accumulation of scrap.

This report summarizes in somewhat more detail than the monthly H.I. Environs reports the extent and magnitude of the radioactive contamination detected in the environs of the Hanford Works. Radioactive contamination resulting from the operation of the Hanford Works as well as that found occurring in natural quantities is included. This belated report is being issued merely for the records to serve as a composite summary of measurements already reported in the monthly H.I. Environs reports and covers the quarterly period January, February, and March, 1949.

This report summarizes the contamination observed at the Hanford Works and vicinity for the period July, August, and September, 1947. Daily or weekly trends for all sampling locations as included in previous reports are omitted except in those cases where a true trend can be established. Statistical analysis to determine significant values and differences is used whenever possible. The report is divided into the following topic sections: meteorological -- wind conditions; extent of beta contamination in air and radiation level in air; extent of contamination in the Columbia River; extent of beta contamination in rain; extent of alpha and beta contamination in sanitary water; extent of beta contamination on vegetation; and the extent of contamination in Hanford Wastes. An appraisal and review of all the results is considered in detail for each section.

The experimental data presented in HDC-1255 for the pressure drops through the various portions of a standard process tube assembly for isothermal flow are correlated in this report. Data include orifice sizes up to 0.310 inches. The equations have been adapted for the calculation of pressure drops or flow rates for clean tubes in pile operation. A systematic procedure is outlined for determining the pressure drops through each portion of the tube assembly. A method is presented for calculating the flow rate through a process tube from header pressure and panellit age readings.

In considering the health hazard of long-lived rare gas activity as a complication of the stack gas problem, the author evaluates briefly two physical-physiological conditions: first, that the body is subjected to external radiation from an infinite cloud of activity, and, second, that the gaseous activity is respired and its daughter products are deposited in the lungs. It is concluded that no additional hazard is to be expected from the long-lived gaseous activity.

December 16--20, 1949 were spent in inspection of the equipment of the Naval Pilot Channel Test Rig at the Oak Ridge pile, observation of its maintenance and use, and in discussions with the test operating personnel, and members of the H.P. and pile operating divisions. December 21 was spent at the Argonne National Laboratories, Naval Reactor Division, in inspection of the test rig under construction for use at the H pile. Dr. Etherington requested that I express their desire to arrange that an Argonne scientist be at Hanford with the test rig to act in an advisory capacity, for consultation, and to prepare such reports to Argonne as they may need to call for as the test progresses.

This document serves to record pertinent information regarding detection and repair of a water leak in Process Tube No. 3169-F in the F File and subsequent steps necessary to remove the water from the pile in order to return to normal level.

This trip was spent in conferences with H. Etherington, A. Amroni, Geo. Anderson, and L.W. Fromm; and in inspection of components now being built for the Navy Test Rig which is to be installed at H Pile. Mr. Anderson believes that the entire assembly will arrive at Hanford between January 16 and 23, 1950. Much has yet to be designed and built, however. Also, certain incompatibilities with the H Pile were pointed out, and will be altered.

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The objectives of Hanford operations are the production of sufficient quantities of plutonium and secondary products in time to meet adequately military requirements at the lowest cost of manpower, money, and materials commensurate with the maximum degree of certainty in attaining the objectives. The facilities operations at Hanford are described.

This report discusses the operation of the Hanford Reservation`s 300 Area for December 11 through December 17, 1945. They discuss: extrusion, canning, slug testing, a magnesium chloride flux, and the composition changes of a aluminium-silicon dip bath.

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This report details activities of Hanford Engineer Works on Project 9536 during the week ending December, 1943. Tests are described which were run to determine means of eliminating the film which has been forming on tubes and slugs and causing excessive pressure drops.

The twelfth meeting of the Graphite Expansion Committee was held on December 6, 1946. A summary of the meeting is as follows. Recent laboratory studies suggest that the rate of graphite expansion decreases with exposure when the samples are exposed in an air atmosphere at ambient pile temperature, through the relative effects of atmosphere and temperature are not known. These observations are in qualitative agreement with the decreased rate of vertical expansion of the piles. The neoprene seal strips at the top of the near and far sides of the F Pile were removed during November. The cork seal in back of the Third Safety Tanks at the F Pile was also removed. Current estimates predict the general rupture of Van Stone flanges after 300,000--350,000 MD of pile operation if the rate of expansion is uniform. The working model of the split gun-barrel has been completed but is being modified to provide a key to prevent the gun-barrel flange from rotating. The proposal to replace a few tubes in operating piles, as discussed last month, has been modified in favor of more extensive work at the B Pile before moving to the D or F Piles.

Waste disposal, pile operations and P-10 operations are reported. Construction in the 100 (Pile) areas, 200 (Separations) areas, and 400 (Technical Center) area is described. General work included Richland paving, the Southern Railroad connection, and the Richland levee. Personnel data and visitor information is also included.

This letter discusses the construction of Neuts (neutron detectors) and provides operating instructions for these instruments.

This report divides the activities for November into three sections: D Pile; F Pile; and general physics. During November the D Pile was down twice for regularly scheduled shutdowns. Two scram occurred during the month, both of short duration. Five Special Request 15 tubes were discharged and recharged with Special Request 15. Some 13 inhour of reactivity were gained during the month. Vertical rod thimbles, 10 through 22, were tested. A Production Test was performed to determine the reactivity power coefficients of the F Pile at low power levels and with practically no xenon poison remaining. Additional experience in the use of temporary poison columns during an extended shutdown of the pile was obtained during the month. Four new bismuth columns were charged during the month and six tubes were charged with LiF. The F Pile had not yet returned to xenon equilibrium following the shutdown of November 27 at the end of the month, but conditions just prior to this shutdown indicate a loss of one inhour since October 31. Two sets of specimens were removed from the ``B`` Test Hole of the F Pile on November 4. Samples were also machined from graphite removed from the No. 9 …

On the basis of polonium assays by the customer, an improved equation for the prediction of the polonium content of a bismuth tube has been developed.

Performance curves and test results on a half scale model of the radio frequency system designed to accelerate protons in the Berkeley 184-inch cyclotron are presented. This report is a sequel to K. R. Mackenzie's report on the three quarter wave radio frequency system for frequency modulated cyclotrons.

The two-electrode vacuum tube, or diode, consists of an electron-emitting cathode surrounded by a positive anode (plate). A plot of plate current (i{sub b}) vs plate voltage (e{sub b}) is shown. At low anode voltages, the anode current is limited by the repelling effect that the negative electrons already in the space have on the electrons just being emitted (space-charge effect). When a full space charge is present, the plate current depends upon the plate voltage according to Childs law: i{sub b} {approx} e{sub b}{sup 3/2}. Increasing the plate voltage eventually results in an electron flow equal to total cathode emission, after which further increases in anode voltage will produce practically no additional current (voltage saturation). However, for high field stresses, additional electrons are pulled out of the cathode (field emission), increasing the current even further.

This is a progress report from the Brookhaven National Laboratory during the period July 1-December 31, 1948.

The decomposition of diacetyl peroxide in acetic acid-2-C{sup 14} has been studied, The activity of the products in general confirmed the mechanism of the reaction as proposed by Kharasch and Gladstone, The presence and distribution of activity in the methyl acetate produced in this reaction is not explained by the previously proposed mechanism. There was no appreciable exchange of acetic acid and diacetyl peroxide under the conditions of the reaction. Essentially no exchange of methyl acetate and acetic acid was observed when those reagents mere heated at 100 for five hours.