Serial/Series Title
OIT Tip Sheets
10
Establishment of an Industry-Driven Consortium Focused on Improving the Production Performance of Domestic Stripper Wells Quarterly Report
8
Fiscal Year 2004
8
Enhanced Wellbore Stabilization and Reservoir Productivity with Aphron Drilling Fluid Technology
6
Fiscal Year 2003
6
Small Wind Electric Systems Consumers' Guides
6
Cost-Effective Reciprocating Engine Emissions Control and Monitoring for E&P Field and Gathering Engines Progress Report
4
Differential Soil Impedance Obstacle Detection Quarterly Report
4
Field Demonstration of a Membrane Process to Separate Nitrogen From Natural Gas Progress Report
4
Fundamentals of Reservoir Surface Energy as Related to Surface Properties, Wettability, Capillary Action, and Oil Recovery From Fractured Reservoirs by Spontaneous Imbibition Quarterly Report
4
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Modeling Free Convection Flow of Liquid Hydrogen within a Cylindrical Heat Exchanger Cooled to 14 K
A liquid hydrogen in a absorber for muon cooling requires that up to 300 W be removed from 20 liters of liquid hydrogen. The wall of the container is a heat exchanger between the hydrogen and 14 K helium gas in channels within the wall. The warm liquid hydrogen is circulated down the cylindrical walls of the absorber by free convection. The flow of the hydrogen is studied using FEA methods for two cases and the heat transfer coefficient to the wall is calculated. The first case is when the wall is bare. The second case is when there is a duct some distance inside the cooled wall.
Date:
May 8, 2004
Creator:
Green, Michael A.; Yang, S. W.; Green, M. A. & Lau, W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Hydrogen Futures Simulation Model (H[2]Sim) technical description.
Hydrogen has the potential to become an integral part of our energy transportation and heat and power sectors in the coming decades and offers a possible solution to many of the problems associated with a heavy reliance on oil and other fossil fuels. The Hydrogen Futures Simulation Model (H2Sim) was developed to provide a high level, internally consistent, strategic tool for evaluating the economic and environmental trade offs of alternative hydrogen production, storage, transport and end use options in the year 2020. Based on the model's default assumptions, estimated hydrogen production costs range from 0.68 $/kg for coal gasification to as high as 5.64 $/kg for centralized electrolysis using solar PV. Coal gasification remains the least cost option if carbon capture and sequestration costs ($0.16/kg) are added. This result is fairly robust; for example, assumed coal prices would have to more than triple or the assumed capital cost would have to increase by more than 2.5 times for natural gas reformation to become the cheaper option. Alternatively, assumed natural gas prices would have to fall below $2/MBtu to compete with coal gasification. The electrolysis results are highly sensitive to electricity costs, but electrolysis only becomes cost competitive with other options …
Date:
October 1, 2004
Creator:
Jones, Scott A.; Kamery, William; Baker, Arnold Barry; Drennen, Thomas E.; Lutz, Andrew E. & Rosthal, Jennifer Elizabeth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Further Tests of Changes in Fish Escape Behavior Resulting from Sublethal Stresses Associated with Hydroelectric Turbine Passage
Fish that pass through a hydroelectric turbine may not be killed directly, but may nonetheless experience sublethal stresses that will increase their susceptibility to predators (indirect mortality). There is a need to develop reliable tests for indirect mortality so that the full consequences of passage through turbines (and other routes around a hydroelectric dam) can be assessed. The most commonly used laboratory technique for assessing susceptibility to predation is the predator preference test. In this report, we evaluate the field application of a new technique that may be valuable for assessing indirect mortality, based on changes in a behavioral response to a startling stimulus (akin to perceiving an approaching predator). The behavioral response is a rapid movement commonly referred to as a startle response, escape response, or C-shape, based on the characteristic body position assumed by the fish. When viewed from above, a startled fish bends into a C-shape, then springs back and swims away in a direction different from its original orientation. This predator avoidance (escape) behavior can be compromised by sublethal stresses that temporarily stun or disorient the fish. Initial studies demonstrated that turbulence created in a small laboratory tank can alter escape behavior. As a next step, …
Date:
October 20, 2004
Creator:
Ryon, M.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Prediction of External Corrosion for Steel Cylinders--2004 Report
Depleted uranium hexafluoride (UF{sub 6}) is stored in over 60,000 steel cylinders at the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) in Paducah, Kentucky, and at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PORTS) in Portsmouth, Ohio. The cylinders range in age from 4 to 53 years. Although when new the cylinders had wall thicknesses specified to within manufacturing tolerances, over the years corrosion has reduced their actual wall thicknesses. The UF{sub 6} Cylinder Project is managed by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) to safely maintain the UF{sub 6} and the cylinders containing it. This report documents activities that address UF{sub 6} Cylinder Project requirements and actions involving forecasting cylinder wall thicknesses. These requirements are delineated in the System Requirements Document (LMES 1997a), and the actions needed to fulfill them are specified in the System Engineering Management Plan (LMES 1997b). The report documents cylinder wall thickness projections based on models fit to ultrasonic thickness (UT) measurement data. UT data is collected at various locations on randomly sampled cylinders. For each cylinder sampled, the minimum UT measurement approximates the actual minimum thickness of the cylinder. Projections of numbers of cylinders expected to …
Date:
July 7, 2004
Creator:
Schmoyer, RLS
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Temperature-Profile Method for Estimating Flow Processes inGeologic Heat Pipes
Above-boiling temperature conditions, as encountered, forexample, in geothermal reservoirs and in geologic repositories for thestorage of heat-producing nuclear wastes, may give rise to stronglyaltered liquid and gas flow processes in porous subsurface environments.The magnitude of such flow perturbation is extremely hard to measure inthe field. We therefore propose a simple temperature-profile method thatuses high-resolution temperature data for deriving such information. Theenergy that is transmitted with the vapor and water flow creates a nearlyisothermal zone maintained at about the boiling temperature, referred toas a heat pipe. Characteristic features of measured temperature profiles,such as the differences in the gradients inside and outside of the heatpipe regions, are used to derive the approximate magnitude of the liquidand gas fluxes in the subsurface, for both steady-state and transientconditions.
Date:
December 6, 2004
Creator:
Birkholzer, Jens T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Developing a next-generation community college curriculum forenergy-efficient high-performance building operations
The challenges of increased technological demands in today's workplace require virtually all workers to develop higher-order cognitive skills including problem solving and systems thinking in order to be productive. Such ''habits of mind'' are viewed as particularly critical for success in the information-based workplace, which values reduced hierarchy, greater worker independence, teamwork, communications skills, non-routine problem solving, and understanding of complex systems. The need is particularly compelling in the buildings arena. To scope the problem, this paper presents the results of interviews and focus groups--conducted by Oakland California's Peralta Community College District and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory--in which approximately 50 industry stakeholders discussed contemporary needs for building operator education at the community college level. Numerous gaps were identified between the education today received by building operators and technicians and current workplace needs. The participants concurred that many of the problems seen today in achieving and maintaining energy savings in buildings can be traced to inadequacies in building operation and lack of awareness and knowledge about how existing systems are to be used, monitored, and maintained. Participants and others we interviewed affirmed that while these issues are addressed in various graduate-level and continuing education programs, they are virtually absent at the …
Date:
May 1, 2004
Creator:
Crabtree, Peter; Kyriakopedi, Nick; Mills, Evan; Haves, Philip; Otto, Roland J.; Piette, Mary Ann et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Failure Forewarning in NPP Equipment NERI2000-109 Final Project Report
The objective of this project is forewarning of machine failures in critical equipment at next-generation nuclear power plants (NPP). Test data were provided by two collaborating institutions: Duke Engineering and Services (first project year), and the Pennsylvania State University (Applied Research Laboratory) during the second and third project years. New nonlinear methods were developed and applied successfully to extract forewarning trends from process-indicative, time-serial data for timely, condition-based maintenance. Anticipation of failures in critical equipment at next-generation NPP will improve the scheduling of maintenance activities to minimize safety concerns, unscheduled non-productive downtime, and collateral damage due to unexpected failures. This approach provides significant economic benefit, and is expected to improve public acceptance of nuclear power. The approach is a multi-tiered, model-independent, and data-driven analysis that uses ORNL's novel nonlinear method to extract forewarning of machine failures from appropriate data. The first tier of the analysis provides a robust choice for the process-indicative data. The second tier rejects data of inadequate quality. The third tier removes signal artifacts that would otherwise confound the analysis, while retaining the relevant nonlinear dynamics. The fourth tier converts the artifact-filtered time-serial data into a geometric representation, that is then transformed to a discrete distribution function …
Date:
March 26, 2004
Creator:
Hively, LM
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TOXECON RETROFIT FOR MERCURY AND MULTI-POLLUTANT CONTROL-ON THREE 90 MW COAL FIRED BOILERS
With the Nation's coal-burning utilities facing tighter controls on mercury pollutants, the U.S. Department of Energy is supporting projects that could offer power plant operators better ways to reduce these emissions at much lower costs. Sorbent injection technology represents one of the simplest and most mature approaches to controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired boilers. It involves injecting a solid material such as powdered activated carbon into the flue gas. The gas-phase mercury in the flue gas contacts the sorbent and attaches to its surface. The sorbent with the mercury attached is then collected by a particle control device along with the other solid material, primarily fly ash. We Energies has over 3,200 MW of coal-fired generating capacity and supports an integrated multi-emission control strategy for SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x} and mercury emissions while maintaining a varied fuel mix for electric supply. The primary goal of this project is to reduce mercury emissions from three 90 MW units that burn Powder River Basin coal at the We Energies Presque Isle Power Plant. Additional goals are to reduce nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}), sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}), and particulate matter (PM) emissions, allow for reuse and sale of fly ash, demonstrate a reliable …
Date:
October 26, 2004
Creator:
Johnson, Richard E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Predicted Effects of Prescribed Burning and Timber Management on Forest Recovery and Sustainability at Fort Benning, Georgia
The objective of this work was to use a simple compartment model of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics to predict forest recovery on degraded soils and forest sustainability, following recovery, under different regimes of prescribed fire and timber management. This report describes the model and a model-based analysis of the effect of prescribed burning and forest thinning or clearcutting on stand recovery and sustainability at Fort Benning, GA. I developed the model using Stella{reg_sign} Research Software (High Performance Systems, Inc., Hanover, NH) and parameterized the model using data from field studies at Fort Benning, literature sources, and parameter fitting. The model included (1) a tree biomass submodel that predicted aboveground and belowground tree biomass, (2) a litter production submodel that predicted the dynamics of herbaceous aboveground and belowground biomass, (3) a soil C and N submodel that predicted soil C and N stocks (to a 30 cm soil depth) and net soil N mineralization, and (4) an excess N submodel that calculated the difference between predicted plant N demands and soil N supplies. There was a modeled feedback from potential excess N (PEN) to tree growth such that forest growth was limited under conditions of N deficiency. Two …
Date:
April 13, 2004
Creator:
Garten, C. T. Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electronic structure of titania aerogels: Soft x-ray absorption study
None
Date:
February 12, 2004
Creator:
Kucheyev, S. O.; Van Buuren, T.; Baumann, T. F.; Satcher, J. H. Jr.; Willey, T. M.; Meulenberg, R. W. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON)
The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container. Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. Table 2A provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for the "General Case," which reflects the assumption of a 60-day shipping period as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.4 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to be completed within an approximately 1,000-mile radius, a shorter shipping period of 20 days is applicable as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.5 …
Date:
October 1, 2004
Creator:
Westinghouse TRU Solutions LLC
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Growth and property development of convection pass deposits in recovery boilers : final project project.
As part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Industries of the Future (IOF) Forest Products research program, the mechanisms of particle deposition and properties of deposits that form in the convection passes of recovery boilers were investigated. Research from experimental facilities at Sandia National Laboratories, the Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST), and the University of Toronto (U of T) was coordinated into a single effort to define the controlling mechanisms and rates of deposition. Deposition rates were recorded on a volumetric and mass basis in a Sandia facility for particle sizes in the range of 0.1 to 150 {micro}m. Deposit thickness, mass, spectral emissivity, thermal conductivity, surface temperature, and apparent density were monitored simultaneously and in situ on instrumented probes that allow determination of heat flux and probe surface temperature. Particle composition and mass deposition rates were also recorded in a U of T facility for particle sizes in the range of 100 to 600 {micro}m. These measurements allowed determination of the liquid content and sticking efficiency of carryover particles that inertially impact on a deposition probe. In addition, information on particulates, stable gas species, gas temperature and velocity were obtained from …
Date:
November 1, 2004
Creator:
Lien, Steve J. (Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA); Baxter, Larry L.; Frederick, W. James Jr. (Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA) & Wessel, Richard A. (Babcock & Wilcox Company, Barberton, OH)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of U(VI) Sorption-Desoprtion Processes and Model Upscaling
In order to apply predictive reactive transport models to the Hanford site, detailed knowledge of the speciation of contaminants is required. Important speciation parameters include: (1) oxidation state; (2) the local molecular structure surrounding contaminant elements; (3) the type and binding of a contaminant ion sorption complex (if adsorbed); (4) the type(s) of phase within which a contaminant is structurally incorporated [e.g., present in a three-dimensional precipitate(s)]; (5) the phase associations of a contaminant; (6) the microscopic distribution of a contaminant within sediments and soils. In the present study, we have used synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopic methods to study the speciation of U and Cu in contaminated soil and sediment samples from the Hanford Site. To complement and complete our initial XAFS investigation of U speciation in contaminated vadose zone sediments below tank BX-102, we have also performed mXRD studies of two sediment sample to identify the specific U(VI)-silicate phase present. Samples from the 300 Area were examined by mSXRF to determine the microscopic distribution and element associations of Cu and U. These samples were also analyzed by U LIII- and Cu K-edge XAFS spectroscopy to determine the chemical speciation of these elements.
Date:
December 1, 2004
Creator:
Ball, William P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
POST-PROCESSING ANALYSIS FOR THC SEEPAGE
This report describes the selection of water compositions for the total system performance assessment (TSPA) model of results from the thermal-hydrological-chemical (THC) seepage model documented in ''Drift-Scale THC Seepage Model'' (BSC 2004 [DIRS 169856]). The selection has been conducted in accordance with ''Technical Work Plan for: Near-Field Environment and Transport: Coupled Processes (Mountain-Scale TH/THC/THM, Drift-Scale THC Seepage, and Post-Processing Analysis for THC Seepage) Report Integration'' (BSC 2004 [DIRS 171334]). This technical work plan (TWP) was prepared in accordance with AP-2.27Q, ''Planning for Science Activities''. Section 1.2.3 of the TWP describes planning information pertaining to the technical scope, content, and management of this report. The post-processing analysis for THC seepage (THC-PPA) documented in this report provides a methodology for evaluating the near-field compositions of water and gas around a typical waste emplacement drift as these relate to the chemistry of seepage, if any, into the drift. The THC-PPA inherits the conceptual basis of the THC seepage model, but is an independently developed process. The relationship between the post-processing analysis and other closely related models, together with their main functions in providing seepage chemistry information for the Total System Performance Assessment for the License Application (TSPA-LA), are illustrated in Figure 1-1. The …
Date:
September 29, 2004
Creator:
SUN, Y.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design and testing of a control strategy for a large naturallyventilated office building
The design for the new Federal Building for San Franciscoincludes an office tower that is to be naturally ventilated. Each flooris designed to be cross-ventilated, through upper windows that arecontrolled by the building management system (BMS). Users have controlover lower windows, which can be as much as 50 percent of the totalopenable area. There are significant differences in the performance andthe control of the windward and leeward sides of the building, andseparate monitoring and control strategies are determined for each side.The performance and control of the building has been designed and testedusing a modified version of EnergyPlus. Results from studies withEnergyPlus and CFD are used in designing the control strategy. EnergyPluswas extended to model a simplified version of the airflow patterndetermined using CFD. Wind-driven cross-ventilation produces a main jetthrough the upper openings of the building, across the ceiling from thewindward to the leeward side. Below this jet, the occupied regions aresubject to a recirculating air flow. Results show that temperatureswithin the building are predicted to be satisfactory, provided a suitablecontrol strategy is implemented uses night cooling in periods of hotweather. The control strategy has 10 window opening modes. EnergyPlus wasextended to simulate the effects of these modes, and to assess …
Date:
March 16, 2004
Creator:
Carrilho da Graca, Guilherme; Linden, Paul F. & Haves, Philip
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comments on Shimony's 'An Analysis of Stapp's 'A bell-type theoremwithout hidden variables''
The hidden-variable theorems of Bell and followers depend upon an assumption, namely the hidden-variable assumption, that conflicts with the precepts of quantum philosophy. Hence from an orthodox quantum perspective those theorems entail no faster-than-light transfer of information. They merely reinforce the ban on hidden variables. The need for some sort of faster-than-light information transfer can be shown by using counterfactuals instead of hidden variables. Shimony's criticism of that argument fails to take into account the distinction between no-faster-than-light connection in one direction and that same condition in both directions. The argument can be cleanly formulated within the framework of a fixed past, open future interpretation of quantum theory, which neatly accommodates the critical assumptions that the experimenters are free to choose which experiments they will perform. The assumptions are compatible with the Tomonaga-Schwinger formulation of quantum field theory, and hence with orthodox quantum precepts, and with the relativistic requirement that no prediction pertaining to an outcome in one region can depend upon a free choice made in a region spacelike-separated from the first.
Date:
September 8, 2004
Creator:
Stapp, Henry P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Smart Screening System (S3) In Taconite Processing
The conventional vibrating machines used in processing plants have had undesirable high noise and vibration levels. They also have had unsatisfactorily low screening efficiency, high energy consumption, high maintenance cost, low productivity, and poor worker safety. These conventional vibrating machines have been used in most every processing plant. Most of the current material separation technology uses heavy and inefficient electric motors with an unbalance rotating mass to generate the shaking. In addition to being excessively noisy, inefficient, and high-maintenance, these vibrating machines are often the bottleneck in the entire process. Furthermore, these motors, along with the vibrating machines and supporting structure, shake other machines and structures in the vicinity. The latter increases maintenance costs while reducing worker health and safety. The conventional vibrating fine screens at taconite processing plants have had the same problems as those listed above. This has resulted in lower screening efficiency, higher energy and maintenance cost, and lower productivity and workers safety concerns. The focus of this work is on the design of a high performance screening machine suitable for taconite processing plants. SmartScreens{trademark} technology uses miniaturized motors, based on smart materials, to generate the shaking. The underlying technologies are Energy Flow Control{trademark} and Vibration Control …
Date:
September 1, 2004
Creator:
Allaei, Daryoush; Mohammed, Asim Syed & Tarnowski, David
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Analysis of Energy Savings Possible Through Advances in Automotive Tooling Technology
The use of lightweight and highly formable advanced materials in automobile and truck manufacturing has the potential to save fuel. Advances in tooling technology would promote the use of these materials. This report describes an energy savings analysis performed to approximate the potential fuel savings and consequential carbon-emission reductions that would be possible because of advances in tooling in the manufacturing of, in particular, non-powertrain components of passenger cars and heavy trucks. Separate energy analyses are performed for cars and heavy trucks. Heavy trucks are considered to be Class 7 and 8 trucks (trucks rated over 26,000 lbs gross vehicle weight). A critical input to the analysis is a set of estimates of the percentage reductions in weight and drag that could be achieved by the implementation of advanced materials, as a consequence of improved tooling technology, which were obtained by surveying tooling industry experts who attended a DOE Workshop, Tooling Technology for Low-Volume Vehicle Production, held in Seattle and Detroit in October and November 2003. The analysis is also based on 2001 fuel consumption totals and on energy-audit component proportions of fuel use due to drag, rolling resistance, and braking. The consumption proportions are assumed constant over time, but …
Date:
December 3, 2004
Creator:
Rick Schmoyer, RLS
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Quadratic function approaching method for magnetotelluric soundingdata inversion
The quadratic function approaching method (QFAM) is introduced for magnetotelluric sounding (MT) data inversion. The method takes the advantage of that quadratic function has single extreme value, which avoids leading to an inversion solution for local minimum and ensures the solution for global minimization of an objective function. The method does not need calculation of sensitivity matrix and not require a strict initial earth model. Examples for synthetic data and field measurement data indicate that the proposed inversion method is effective.
Date:
April 5, 2004
Creator:
Liangjun, Yan; Wenbao, Hu & Zhang, Keni
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Iterative Phase-Space Explicit Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Stellar Radiative Transfer in Extended Atmospheres
A phase-space discontinuous Galerkin (PSDG) method is presented for the solution of stellar radiative transfer problems. It allows for greater adaptivity than competing methods without sacrificing generality. The method is extensively tested on a spherically symmetric, static, inverse-power-law scattering atmosphere. Results for different sizes of atmospheres and intensities of scattering agreed with asymptotic values. The exponentially decaying behavior of the radiative field in the diffusive-transparent transition region and the forward peaking behavior at the surface of extended atmospheres were accurately captured. The integrodifferential equation of radiation transfer is solved iteratively by alternating between the radiative pressure equation and the original equation with the integral term treated as an energy density source term. In each iteration, the equations are solved via an explicit, flux-conserving, discontinuous Galerkin method. Finite elements are ordered in wave fronts perpendicularly to the characteristic curves so that elemental linear algebraic systems are solved quickly by sweeping the phase space element by element. Two implementations of a diffusive boundary condition at the origin are demonstrated wherein the finite discontinuity in the radiative intensity is accurately captured by the proposed method. This allows for a consistent mechanism to preserve photon luminosity. The method was proved to be robust and …
Date:
January 28, 2004
Creator:
de Almeida, V.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Enhancement of Terrestrial Carbon Sinks through the Reclamation of Abandoned Mined Lands
None
Date:
January 31, 2004
Creator:
Kronrad, Gary
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Updates to the ORIGEN-S Cross-Section Libraries Using ENDF-VI, EAF-99, and FENDL-2.0
The standard cross-section library for light-water reactor (LWR) analyses used by the ORIGEN-S depletion and decay code has been extensively updated. This work entailed the development of broad multigroup neutron cross sections for ORIGEN-S from several sources of pointwise continuous-energy cross-section evaluations, including the U.S. Evaluated Nuclear Data Files ENDF/B-VI Release 7, the Fusion Evaluated Nuclear Data Library FENDL-2.0, and the European Activation File EAF-99. The pointwise cross sections were collapsed to a three-group structure using a continuous-energy neutron flux spectrum representative of the typical neutronic conditions of typical LWR fuel and formatted for use by ORIGEN-S. In addition, the fission-product library has been expanded to include ENDF/B-VI fission yield data for 30 fissionable actinides. The processing codes and procedures are explained. Preliminary verification studies using the updated libraries were performed using the modules of the SCALE (Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation) system. Comparisons between the previous basic ORIGEN-S libraries and the updated libraries developed in this work are presented.
Date:
November 4, 2004
Creator:
Murphy, B. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Synthesis of 6-acrylamido-4-(2-[18F]fluoroanilino)quinazoline: Aprospective irreversible EGFR binding probe
Acrylamido-quinazolines substituted at the 6-position bindirreversibly to the intracellular ATP binding domain of the epidermalgrowth factor receptor (EGFR). A general route was developed forpreparing 6-substituted-4-anilinoquinazolines from [18F]fluoroanilinesfor evaluation as EGFR targeting agents with PET. By a cyclizationreaction, 2-[18F]fluoroaniline was reacted withN'-(2-cyano-4-nitrophenyl)-N,N-dimethylimidoformamide to produce6-nitro-4-(2-[18F]fluoroanilino)quinazoline in 27.5 percentdecay-corrected radiochemical yield. Acid mediated tin chloride reductionof the nitro group was achieved in 5 min (80 percent conversion) andsubsequent acylation with acrylic acid gave6-acrylamido-4-(2-[18F]fluoroanilino)quinazoline in 8.5 percentdecay-corrected radiochemical yield, from starting fluoride, in less than2 hours.
Date:
March 30, 2004
Creator:
Vasdev, Neil; Dorff, Peter N.; Gibbs, Andrew R.; Nandanan,Erathodiyil; Reid, Leanne M.; O'Neil, James P. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Evaluation of Three Commercially Available Technologies For Real-Time Measurement of Rates of Outdoor Airflow Into HVAC Systems
During the last few years, new technologies have been introduced for real-time continuous measurement of the flow rates of outdoor air (OA) into HVAC systems; however, an evaluation of these measurements technologies has not previously been published. This document describes a test system and protocols developed for a controlled evaluation of these measurement technologies. The results of tests of three commercially available measurement technologies are also summarized. The test system and protocol were judged practical and very useful. The three commercially available measurement technologies should provide reasonably, e.g., 20%, accurate measurements of OA flow rates as long as air velocities are maintained high enough to produce accurately measurable pressure signals. In HVAC systems with economizer controls, to maintain the required air velocities the OA intake will need to be divided into two sections in parallel, each with a separate OA damper. All of the measurement devices had pressure drops that are likely to be judged acceptable. The influence of wind on the accuracy of these measurement technologies still needs to be evaluated.
Date:
October 28, 2004
Creator:
Fisk, William J.; Faulkner, David & Sullivan, Douglas P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library