Security systems and security procedures for the AFRRI reactor, the University of Maryland TRIGA reactor, and the University of Virginia CAVALIER and UVAR reactors are described.

Reaction kinetic measurements on the hydrochlorination of SiCl/sub 4/ and mg silicon metal in the presence of a copper catalyst were last reported as a function of reaction temperature, reactor pressure and H/sub 2//SiCl/sub 4/ ratio, 3 SiCl/sub 4/ + 2 H/sub 2/ + Si ..-->.. 4 SiHCl/sub 3/. The same reaction was repeated at a lower catalyst loading of 2 wt%. In the presence of 2 wt% cuprous chloride (based on silicon metal), the hydrochlorination reaction rate is doubled to give about the same performance as those obtained at a higher copper catalyst loading. The effect of particle size distribution of the mg silicon metal on the hydrochlorination reaction rate was studied. Reaction kinetic measurements were made on 150 x 400 mesh Si and on 32 x 65 mesh Si in addition to the standard 65 x 150 mesh Si used in previous studies. Results of these experiments show that the reaction rate is essentially independent of the silicon metal particle size. Thus, the reaction occuring on the Si metal surface is the rate-determining step. Mass transfer via diffusion of reactants and product is not rate-limiting. A plausible mechanism of the hydrochlorination reaction is discussed.

The High Energy Transport Code, HETC, was obtained from the Radiation Shielding Information Center (RSIC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and altered as necessary to run on a CDC 7600 using the LTSS software in use at LLNL. HETC was then used to obtain calculated estimates of energy deposited, for comparison with a series of benchmark experiments done by LLNL. These experiments used proton beams of various energies incident on well-defined composite targets in good geometry. In this report, two aspects of the comparison between calculated and experimental energy depositions from an 800 MeV proton beam are discussed. Both aspects involve the fact that workers at SAI had previously used their version of HETC to calculate this experiment and reported their comparison with the measured data. The first aspect addressed is that their calculated data and LLNL calculations do not agree, suggesting an error in the conversion process from the RSIC code. The second aspect is not independent of the first, but is of sufficient importance to merit separate emphasis. It is that the SAI calculations agree well with experiments at the detector plate located some distance from the shower plate, whereas the LLNL calculations show a clearcut discrepancy there …

A CAMAC Serial Highway Interface has been designed for the Local Control and Instrumentation System of the Mirror Fusion Test Facility. There are over 50 distinguishable systems in the facility, each of which consists of the LSI-11 computer, fiber optic communication links, and the CAMAC system. The LSI-11 computer includes a 32k memory, serial modem interface and the CAMAC Serial Highway Interface.

Methods of removing fluorides from water are reviewed and recommendations are made for treating geothermal water used by the Boise Geothermal Project, Boise, Idaho. The Boise geothermal water except for its high fluoride content would be high quality, suitable for primary drinking water. Fluoride ranges from about 15 to 25 mg/l in water from various wells in the Boise region where the Project plans to obtain hot water. Four techniques for removing fluorides from water have been studied extensively during the past 15 years or so. Electrodialysis and reverse osmosis are useful in reducing total dissolved solids from brackish water, but are nonspecific and are too expensive for treatment of the Boise geothermal water. Selective precipitation is a widely used technique for treating water, but would also prove expensive for the Boise geothermal water because of the relatively high solubility of fluoride salts and consequently high concentration (and cost) of precipitants required to reduce the fluorides to an acceptable level. Ion-exchange separation using activated alumina as the exchange medium appears to be the most promising technique and we recommend that some laboratory and pilot studies be conducted to establish suitability and operating boundaries.

Micro-channel plate multipliers have been used to detect the passage of relativistic charged particles. Measurements of the detection efficiency and pulse height response versus micro-channel plate gain are presented for one, two and three micro-channel plate arrays. The probability of detecting an avalanche on the detector anode per one channel of MCP crossed by the relativistic particle was calculated. Temporal response and time jitter were measured and are reported. The track images of beam particles crossing the detector are shown.

Beam fractions lost by collimation in a neutralizer duct are computed in x-x' phase space by using three examples of slab beam distributions under a broad range of duct dimensions, beam half-widths, and beam divergences. The results can be used to design compact neutralizers and to specify beam requirements. The computer code ILOST can be used under a broad range of beam conditions to compute the fraction lost by collimation.

A serial communications system based on the EIA RS232-C standard with modem control lines has been developed. The DLV11-E interface is used for this purpose. All handshaking is done with the modem control lines. This allows totally independent full duplex communication. The message format consists of eight bit data with odd parity and a sixteen bit checksum on the whole message. All communications are fully interrupt driven. A program was written to load a program into a remote LSI-11 using the serial line without bootstrap ROM.

Several practical aspects of rf acceleration (by a MEQALAC accelerator, for example) of positive and negative ions for MFE neutral injection were considered. The beam transport, gas flow, differential pumping, and compatibility with MFE beam lines were examined. It was found that rf acceleration has several advantages over dc acceleration, especially if high energy (over 100 keV) and/or high purity (over 99%) is required. Therefore rf acceleration should be considered especially in connection with negative ions, which also have competitive advantages under such requirements. Beam densities for rf may be lower than dc beam densities because of space charge limitations and electrode transparency. However, the overall dimensions of an rf system are competitive with or smaller than the dimensions of a dc system of equal current and voltage because the gas pumping and electrical insulation are included within the rf electrode assembly. Ion source development is required to produce an array of many small beams suitable for injection into a MEQALAC.

Rutherford scattering of neutral particles by plasma ions is examined as a method for determining plasma ion in the central cell fo the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX). When a scattering configuration, consisting of a 20-keV-, 10-A-deuterium neutral beam and an energy analyzer with a 1% resolution, is arranged such that only neutral particles scattered by plasma ions over an angle of 10/sup 0/ are accepted, central-cell ion temperatures in the 30- to 1000-eV range can be measured. The count rate registered by the detector(s) is estimated to be 2000 counts/ms. Consequently, good statistical accuracy and time resolution are attainable simultaneously. The results of the calculation are presented such that the scaling of the count rates and the energy broadening with scattering angle, neutral-beam energy, ion temperature, and plasma density can easily be deduced. Neutral helium beams are also considered; they have some advantages over deuterium beams. The background signal, caused by neutral particles entering the detector after two successive charge-exchange collisions, is examined and ways to completely eliminate this background are indicated.

Bare fused silica surfaces were prepared by subjecting the mechanically polished surface to a rastered cw CO/sub 2/ laser beam. Analysis shows that this processing causes: (a) removal of a uniform layer of fused silica; and (b) a probable re-fusing or healing of existing subsurface fractures. The fused silica removal rate is found to be a function of the laser intensity and scan rate. These surfaces are seen to have very low scatter and to be very smooth. In addition, they have exhibited entrance surface damage thresholds at 1.06 ..mu..m, and 1 nsec, which are substantially above those seen on the mechanically polished surface. When damage does occur, it tends to be at a few isolated points rather than the general uniform damage seen on the mechanicaly polished part. In addition to the damage results, we will discuss an observational technique used for viewing these surfaces which employs dark-field illumination.

The local energy transferred from neutrons and photons to TLD materials with respect to energy transferred to biological tissues or air has been calculated. Experimental response of TLDs was measured for photons with energies above 1.5 keV.

None

Fluidized bed combustors operate in the large-particle (> 1 mm) high-velocity (> 1 m/s) fluidization regime which differs from most previous applications. These characteristics foster a distinctive volatiles evolution structure in the vicinity of the coal injectors of bottom-fed atmospheric fluidized beds (AFBC). The evolution of coal volatiles associated with bottom-fed AFBC was defined as the focal point. The major effort of the work was concerned with a group combustion model of dense gas/solids mixtures of devolatilizing coal being injected into the bottom of an AFBC. Critical development needs were defined in the area of solids circulation and injector design which impact both basic FBC design and NO/sub x/ emissions. Results of model calculations identified important new physical-chemical mechanisms influencing NO/sub x/ emissions.

The Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) has been in construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for 3 years, and most of the major subsystems are nearing completion. Recently, the scope of this project was expanded to meet new objectives, principally to reach plasma conditions corresponding to energy break-even. To fulfill this promise, the single-cell minimum-B mirror configuration will be replaced with a tandem mirror configuration (MFTF-B). The facility must accordingly be expanded to accomodate the new geometry. This paper briefly discusses the status of the major MFTF subsystems and describes how most of the technological objectives of MFTF will be demonstrated before we install the additional systems necessary to make the tandem. It also summarizes the major features of the expanded facility.

Fabrication techniques and improved a-Si:H film processing have been achieved to produce a short circuit current density of 7.5 mA/cm/sup 2/ and open circuit voltage of 740 mV on large area (2cm/sup 2/) a-Si cells by the deposition of an inexpensive semitransparent metal (Cr) as a top electrode on a N-I-P structure. This corresponds to a 2% efficiency using AMl illumination. A V/sub oc/ of 830 mV and fill factor of 0.54 have also been separately obtained. A relatively simple and inexpensive deposition technique using a one pumpdown vacuum system, Al grid and thin metal film structure have been applied to reduce the cost of a-Si:H cell fabrication. A SEM study of a-Si film quality shows the substrate texture to greatly influence the film morphology. This in turn serves to influence the uniformity of photovoltaic response on completed solar cells. The studies of optical transmittance of various thin metal films promote the utilization of Cr and Cu as a top electrode. Dark and illuminated I-V characteristics show that current conduction mechanisms and recombination pheonomena are not the same under dark and illuminated conditions. Furthermore, spectral response analysis and reverse illuminated saturation current under different illumination levels show photoconductivity and collection …

Fourteen catalysts were prepared by either evaporation of metal nitrate-citric acid solutions or by impregnation of inert supports with metal nitrate-citric acid solutions. Fourteen catalysts were tested in either the Berty gradientless reactor or the plug-flow reactor. These catalysts have been characterized intto the following five groups: Group I - catalysts containing Cu, Zn, Co, Cr and alkali; Group II - catalysts of Group I without Zn or Co or Cr; Group III - modified methanol synthesis catalysts of substituted by transition metals such as Fe, Mn, Ti, Th, etc; and Group V - catalysts of Groups I, II or IV supported on refractory cements such as silica or titania. Although none of the catalysts tested this quarter resulted in reaching the targetted oxygenates selectivities and space time yields, the following relevant observations were made: Transition metals in a catalyst having the general atomic formula CuZn/sub 0/ /sub 125/CoK/sub 0/ /sub 11/M and produced by evaporation of metal nitrate - citric acid solution affect oxygenates selectivity as indicated below (in descending order), Fe approx. Cr > V >> Mn; Potassium in a catalyst having the formula Cu Zn/sub 0/ /sub 125/CoA/sub 0/ /sub 11/ is a better alkali promoter than …

A cumulative-strain-damage criterion is used to predict the initiation and propagation of fracture in ductile materials. The model is consistent with a model of ductile rupture that involves void growth and coalescence. Two- and three-dimensional finite difference computer codes, which use incremental-plasticity theory to describe large strains with rotation, are used to trace the history of damage in a material due to external forces. Fracture begins when the damage exceeds a critical value over a critical distance and proceeds as the critical-damage state is reached elsewhere. This unified approach to failure prediction can be applied to an arbitrary geometry if the material behavior has been adequately characterized. The damage function must be calibrated for a particular material using various material property tests. The fracture toughness of 6061-T651 aluminum is predicted.

Information is given on each of the following topics: (1) magnet description, (2) superconducting manufacture, (3) mechanical behavior of conductor winding, (4) coil winding, (5) thermal analysis, (6) cryogenic system, (7) power supply system, (8) structural analysis, (9) structural finite element analysis refinement, (10) structural case fault analysis, and (11) structural metallurgy. (MOW)

We have designed, built, and characterized uv preilluminated gas switches for a trigger circuit and a low inductance discharge circuit. These switches have been incorporated into a 54 x 76 x 150 cm pulser module to produce a 1 Ma output current rising at 5 x 10/sup 12/ amps/sec with 1 ns jitter. Twenty such modules will be used on the Nova Inertial Confinement Fusion Laser System for plasma retropulse shutters.

The President and the Congress are finalizing National Goals to reduce the Nation's dependence on imported oil. A key element of these goals is the conversion of utilities from oil-fired to coal-fired to yield an import reduction of 0.75 MBD by 1990. Since these utilities already exist at fixed locations, this element of the National Goals has the focus of Appolo, Polaris, Minuteman and other major successful programs. It is indicated, therefore, that the program development and management techniques employed in these programs may have useful application to the utility conversion program. These techniques include comparative systems and mission mode analysis, and the application of these techniques to the utility conversion program is discussed. It is observed that the conversions of coal-capable utilities will most likely be achieved in the first half of the next decade, while those for non coal-capable utilities will likely occur in the latter half of the next decade. It is suggested that DOE/RA initiate an in-house task force effort to make a comparative analysis of conversion alternatives to meet this goal. This analysis is discussed in some detail and it should consider the coal delivery as well as the conversion elements of the overall coal …

Praxis is the practice of the programming art, science, and skill. It is a high-order language designed for the efficient programming of control and systems applications. It is a comprehensive, strongly typed, block-structured language in the tradition of Pascal, with much of the power of the Mesa and Ada languages. It supports the development of systems composed of separately compiled modules, user-defined data types, exception handling, detailed control mechanisms, and encapsulated data and routines. Direct access to machine facilities, efficient bit manipulation, and interlocked critical regions are provided within Praxis.

This prospective well of opportunity was originally drilled and completed as a gas producer by Wrightsman Investment Company in early 1973. The original and present producing interval was from 15,216 to 15,238 feet. IMC Exploration Company, Inc. acquired the property from Wrightsman and is the present owner operator. The well is presently shut in s a non-economic producer and IMC proposed to perform plug and abandonment operations in April, 1980. This well has a good geopressured-geothermal water sand behind the 5-1/2 inch casing that has 94 feet of net sand thickness. Pursuant to DOE/NVO authorization of March 11,1980, Eaton negotiated an option agreement with IMC whereby IMC would delay their abandonment operations for a period of 90 days to permit DOE to evaluate the well for geopressure-geothermal testing. The IMC-Eaton option agreements provide that IMG will delay plugging the well until June 15, 1980. If Eaton exercises its option to acquire the well, IMC will sell the well bore, and an adjacent salt water disposal well, to Eaton for the sole consideration of Eaton assuming the obligation to plug and abandon the wells in accordance with lease and regulatory requirements. If Eaton does not exercise its option, then Eaton will …

Hardware design for laser fusion experimental machines has led to a combination of engineering technologies that are critical to the successful operation of these machines. These large opto-mechanical systems are dependent on extreme cleanliness, accommodation to efficient maintenance, and high stability. These three technologies are the primary mechanical engineering criteria for laser fusion devices.