Laboratory studies on a research combustor were used in an attempt to determine the length of oxidation and reduction zones. Unfortunately the buoyant effects of the heated gases caused the burn to proceed along the upper portion of the horizontal combustor. This made the interpretation of uncertain value. Methods of measuring the thermal conductivity and chemical reactivity of coke are discussed. A bibliography of the physical and chemical properties of coke is appended. (LTN)

The objective of this report is to provide the basis for the selection of this transition leak size for testing in the LLTR. This test, designated as Test A-4, is of particular interest because, of all the larger nonflame-jet-type-leaks, it has the longest dwell time in the vessel before the rupture disc blows, thus terminating the IHTS pressure rise. Its potential for generating secondary leaks is considered high. It is easy to postulate the generation of such a leak starting with small leak wastage and progressing into larger and larger leak sizes by self-wastage and adjacent tube wastage. On the other hand, it is not easy to postulate an instantaneous DEG failure in a properly designed and manufactured steam generator. All small leaks which are not terminated would appear to progress in stages which eventually pass through the transition size before they generate sufficient pressure to burst the rupture disc. For these reasons major emphasis is placed on the transition leak size.

The Somerset County Park Commission for Somerset County, New Jersey, undertook the project of incorporating a solar heating, cooling, and domestic hot water system as part of its newly-constructed Environmental Education Center (EEC) located in Lord Stirling Park, Basking Ridge, New Jersey. It is the objective of this solar energy project to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of using solar energy collected via 3100 sq.ft. of flat plate solar collectors to space heat, cool, and supply domestic hot water to the 18,000 sq.ft. EEC building. The project is also intended to demonstrate the aesthetics and effectiveness of incorporating an integrated solar collector array onto the roof of the newly constructed EEC facility. The results of the solar system performance for the one-year operational period are presented. (MHR)

This volume contains the trade-off study optimizing operating pressure (1200 psig was chosen), gas purification alternatives (Rectisol and Selexol processes were chosen). Coal preparation (wet grinding in a rod mill with trommel screen removal of oversize was recommended), air quality control (a 99.65% efficiency electrostatic precipitator and Wellman-Lord sulfur dioxide removal process were recommended), and for cooling tower optimization, a cooled water temperature of 83/sup 0/F was the optimum economic choice, with a hot water entering temperature of 118/sup 0/F. (LTN)

The purpose of this work is to develop a computer simulation program that will expedite the development and aid in the optimization and scale-up of the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) low-Btu coal gasifier system. The gasifier system includes the METC low-Btu fixed-bed gasifier and the producer gas clean-up system. The producer Gas Clean-Up System Simulation Program, the subject of this report, develops the mathematical models and computational procedures for the material balance calculation around each of the seven major process units that constitute the METC producer gas clean-up system: gas cyclone, humidifier, electrostatic precipitator, hydrolysis unit, direct cooler, Stretford process, and final wash tower.

Results are presented of an investigation of hydrogen trapping in iron and iron base alloys. Both physical and chemical trapping were studied. Chemical trapping of H is found in H attack of plain carbon and alloy steels. Diffusion H reacts with carbon to form methane which leads to deterioration of microstructure, and degradation of mechanical properties. Physical trapping of H is evident at lower temperatures. (FS)

This document is issued quarterly for the purpose of summarizing the radioactive gaseous wastes that are discharged from the facilities of the Rockwell Hanford Operations. Data on alpha and beta emissions during 1978 are presented where relevant to the gaseous effluent. Emission data are not included on gaseous wastes produced within the 200 Areas by other Hanford contractors.

The mechanism of radiation effects and their industrial applications are discussed for the following classes of polymers: thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, films and fibers, and adhesives/coatings/potting compounds. 35 references, 3 tables. (DLC)

To avoid the effects of fluid instabilities, stringent requirements must be imposed on the surface quality and wall thickness uniformity of fuel pellets used in Inertial Confinement Fusion compression experiments. A systematic method was developed for specifying the type of defects which must be avoided and for evaluating measurement techniques for their suitability for detecting these defects. A review is given of the techniques currently available and those under development to show the relationship between these capabilities and the current and future requirements for pellet uniformity. The speed of these techniques and the implications for automated production of fuel pellets for a reactor are discussed.

The state-of-the-art in geothermal reservoir modelling is summarized and evaluated. Only those models which have been developed exclusively for geothermal simulation are considered. Attention is focused primarily on the two and three dimensional distributed parameter models. The general porous flow theory is formulated. For each model, the governing equations, method of approximation, treatment of the convection term, treatment of the nonlinear coefficients, solution of the resulting algebraic equations, and representation of the well-bore are presented. Example problems that have been treated are discussed briefly. (MHR)

Under a contract with the Applied Physics Laboratory of John Hopkins University, the firm Deep Oil Technology, Inc. planned and carried out a verification test on a model OTEC Cold Water Pipe to investigate the potential effect of some environmental forces in a true ocean environment. The dimensions of the model CWP were 5 feet in diameter and 800 feet long; the pipe was made up of 20-foot lengths of 3/16-inch steel pipe with flanges at either end that were bolted together to form the total test length. This model CWP was suspended from the Deep Oil X-1 which was moored in 1000 feet of water about two miles south of Santa Catalina Island in the Pacific Ocean during December 1978. The Ocean Engineering and Construction Project Office of the Chesapeake Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command was tasked in October 1978 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to provide current data in conjunction with this OTEC Cold Water Pipe experiment off the seaward side of Santa Catalina Island. The current meter system comprises eight Aanderaa current meters, 100 feet apart, suspended from a 40 inch diameter subsurface buoy and anchored to the bottom. The Aanderaa, RCM-5 Current Meter …

This volume encompasses Task 6 of the Phase I effort on the Advanced Central Receiver. This task included developing a plan to bring the commercial plant conceptual design into being. The base version of the plan includes a pilot plant to be designed and constructed during Phases II and III, three subsystem research experiments to be performed during Phase II, and the design and construction of a commercial demonstration plant. These plans are discussed in detail, as well as several options which could reduce both cost and schedule to achieve the overall goal of a commercial-sized demonstration plant. In evaluating pilot plant characeristics, emphasis was placed on representing commercial plant receiver characteristics and total system operation. In considering total system operation, it was recognized that a water-steam pilot plant would already be in operation, hence certain systems will already have been tested. Several receiver configurations were investigated consisting of from one to five full-size panels, with the objective of representing peak north side power for a 100-MWe plant as well as the peak flux vaue of about 1.4 MW/m/sup 2/. This goal was accomplished with a 5-panel receiver; however, the power to the edge panels is very low. Hence, with …

The objectives of this study were to develop and analyze information to facilitate decision making in regard to by-products from the Commercial Plant. Part 1 of the study investigated the alternative marketing and commercial advantages of producing elemental sulfur or sulfuric acid, the findings to be used with results of a technical and economic analysis to determine the relative desirability of choosing either as a by-product. The principal commercial and marketing input for this portion of the study were provided by review of authoritative published material and by personnel interviews with government, trade association and commercial information sources, including a limited number of major consumers and producers. Compilation and analysis of statistical data and knowledgeable opinions on the following were included: production and consumption trends and future outlook; levels of current and expected future prices; end-use trends and outlook for new uses; geographic consumption patterns; export market and outlook for foreign sales; and other factors related to the present and future supply and demand and effective marketing of the by-products. Technical data were obtained from the commercial suppliers of the processes involved, supplemented by information from producers of the by-products under consideration. The predicted composition and quantity of all gaseous …

This volume documents progress in advanced quantum electronics - primarily the quest for advanced rep-rateable short-wavelength lasers with high efficiency. Application studies in electrical energy production and fissile fuel production are also described. Selected highlights of the advanced isotope separation program are also presented. (MOW)

The purpose of SAMICS is to provide a consistent basis for estimating solar cell array costs and comparing production technology costs. The user of SAMICS provides detailed process information for calculating direct costs. To these are added indirect and overhead expenses. Although thorough documentation of direct processes requires a significant initial effort, the process gives SAMICS its primary strength. A complete accounting of direct process resource requirements establishes an audit trail that will help to monitor the realism of assumptions before production and to later identify variations from forecasted operating parameters after production begins. The purpose for this review were the following: (a) to test the computational validity of the computer model by comparison with preliminary hand calculations based on conventional cost estimating techniques; (b) to review and improve the accuracy of the cost relationships being used by the model; and (c) to provide an independent verification to users of the model's value in decision making for allocation of research and development funds and for investment in manufacturing capacity. The conclusion is that the SAMICS model is a flexible, accurate, and useful tool for managerial decision making. The comparison of model results with calculations shows close correlation. This report provides …

An overview of the entire program is given. The overview previews the report, highlights progress in 1978, and summarizes the facilities and resources of the laser program. The Argus, Shiva, and Nova facilities are described. The theory of fusion target design is discussed along with specialized techniques of target fabrication. (MOW)

The results are presented of a feasibility assessment study to determine if hydroelectric generation could be developed economically at the Corps of Engineers' Tuttle Creek Dam, an existing flood control structure on the Big Blue River near Manhattan, Kansas. The studies and investigations included site reconnaissance, system load characteristics, site hydrology, conceptual project arrangements and layouts, power studies, estimates of construction costs, development of capital costs, economic feasibility, development of a design and construction schedule and preliminary environmental review of the proposed Project. The dependable capacity of the Project as delivered into the existing transmission and distribution network is 12,290 kW and the average annual energy is 56,690 MWh. For the scheduled on-line date of July 1984, the Project is estimated to have a Total Investment Cost of $19,662,000 (equal to $1333/kW installed at that time frame) with an estimated annual cost for the first year of operation of $2,696,000, assuming REA financing at 9.5% interest rate. The Project is considered technically feasible and without any major environmental issues. It shows economic feasibility providing satisfactory financing terms are available. (LCL)

The primary purpose of this document is to promote the use and further development of solar energy through a systematic categorizing of all the attributes in a solar energy system that may impact on those requirements in the nationally recognized model codes relating to the safeguard of life or limb, health, property, and public welfare. Administrative provisions have been included to integrate this document with presently adopted codes, so as to allow incorporation into traditional building, plumbing, mechanical, and electrical codes. In those areas where model codes are not used it is recommended that the requirements, references, and standards herein be adopted to regulate all solar energy systems. (MOW)

This document is issued quarterly for the purpose of summarizing the radioactive liquid wastes that have been discharged to the ground in the 200 Areas. In addition to data for 1978, cumulative data since plant startup are presented. Also, in this document is a listing of decayed activity to the various plant sites.

The development of corrosion control design principles and practice is discussed. It is concluded that by applying simple and straightforward principles to the design of systems, buildings and equipment, operational corrosion problems may be reduced or avoided. These corrosion control design principles are concerned with promoting the use of orientation, layout, and configuration to avoid the holdup of solutions, abrupt flow changes, impingement and stagnant areas. Climatic conditions and terrain are important siting considerations in reducing atmospheric corrosion of buildings and facilities. A determined effort is needed to broaden the understanding of anticorrosion design measures and principles because these are not widely known and recognized by designers and architects.

Progress is reported on the energy conservation potential of Portland cement particle size distribution control. Results of preliminary concrete tests, Series IIIa and Series IIIb, effects of particle size ranges on strength and drying shrinkage, are presented. Series IV, effects of mixing and curing temperature, tests compare the properties of several good particle size controlled cements with normally ground cements at low and high temperatures. The work on the effects of high alkali and high sulfate clinker cements (Series V) has begun.

This Phase I Final Report summarizes the analytical, experimental, design, and specification efforts for the first nine months of the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport Fresnel/Photovoltaic Concentrator Application Experiment. The overall objective of the complete three-phase program is to develop and demonstrate a unique photovoltaic concentrator total energy system which, when mass-produced, will provide electrical and thermal energy at costs competitive with conventional energy sources. Toward this objective, the Phase I - System Design contract has been completed, resulting in a final system design, analytical definition of system performance and economics, and a successfully tested prototype collector which fully verified performance predictions. The proposed system will utilize 245 m/sup 2/ of E-Systems linear Fresnel photovoltaic collectors to provide 25 kW/sub e/ (AC) of power and 140 kW/sub t/ of heat to the Central Utility Facility of Dallas/Fort Worth Airport. The electric power will be used to meet a continuous lighting load, while the thermal energy will be used to preheat boiler feedwater. Peak system efficiencies will be 10.2% electric (insolation to net AC output) and 56% thermal (insolation to net heat delivered). Annual efficiencies will be 8.4% electric and 49% thermal. Production system economics are attractive in the near term: 7 cents/kWh …

The feasibility of constructing a low-head hydroelectric power generating facility on the Sacramento River in California was investigated considering technical, economic, legal, and environmental factors. It was concluded that the proposed plant is feasible and, with 5 generating units operating on a gross head of 14 ft, 79 GWh could be generated annually. The cost of the project with a 1984 completion date is estimated at $44.3 million. (LCL)

Four tests were conducted to determine thermal properties of concrete core material from the Purex Building at Hanford, Washington, and from concrete cast at the Portland Cement Association. Specific heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity were measured as functions of temperature from 79 to 1175F.