The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop and evaluate an ERTG design for a high power, Curium-244 fueled system based on the tubular thermoelectric module technology; (2) to prepare a program plan for the development of a flight qualified ERTG; and (3) to estimate the costs associated with the production of one, ten and twenty flight qualified ERTG's. This volume presents the Reference Design ERTG approach, the results of the engineering trade studies leading to its selection, and the Second Generation ERTG Design proposed for development. (WHK)

This specification establishes fabrication processing requirements such as cleaning, welding, brazing, and post-weld heat treating for the modification of the Atomics International (AI) Modular Steam Generator (MSG) for use in the Large Leak Test Rig (LLTR) for the study of sodium-water reactions.

The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop and evaluate an ERTG design for a high power, Curium-244 fueled system based on the tubular thermoelectric module technology; (2) to prepare a program plan for the development of a flight qualified ERTG; and (3) to estimate the costs associated with the production of one, ten and twenty flight qualified ERTG's. This volume summarizes the program plan for developing and producing flight qualified ERTG's. The information presented explains what will be accomplished and when, in relation to the overall technical and management effort - defining a program geared to the design, development, qualification, and delivery within six years of ERTG hardware satisfying specified USAF performance objectives. In addition, cost estimates are supplied for producing ten and twenty follow-on ERTG units based on the Second Generation ERTG Design. (WHK)

This document contains the Work Plan for the modification of the AI Steam Generator for tests in Large Leak Test Rig. This Work Plan describes the objectives, scope of work, schedule and manpower, end items, and meetings and reports required for the modification.

The Design Data Sheets summarize the key parameters being used in the design and analysis of the AI Prototype LMFBR Steam Generator. These Data Sheets supplement SDD-097-330-002, Steam Generator System, 1450 psi Steam Conditions. This document will serve as the baseline design data control until a GE/RRD approved steam generator specification with ordering data is received.

Initial experimental work led to the award of the first AEC thermionic contract on May 1, 1962, for the development of fission heated thermionic cells with an operating life of 10,000 hours or more. Two types of converters were fabricated: (1) electrically heated, and (2) fission heated where the fuel was either uranium carbide or uranium oxide. Competition between GGA and GE was climaxed on July 1, 1970 by the award to GGA of a contract to develop an in-core thermionic reactor. This report is divided into the following: thermionic research, materials technology, thermionic fuel element development, reactor technology, and systems technology.

A brief review is given of the various self-field phenomena associated with the longitudinal motion of particles in storage rings. Although there are some high-intensity phenomena for which the coupling of longitudinal and transverse motion is essential, such as, for example, the headtail effect; the great majority of high-intensity phenomena primarily involve either longitudinal or transverse degrees of freedom. In this review, we restrict our attention to phenomena which are essentially longitudinal in nature. It is convenient to consider separately the behavior of unbunched (coasting) and bunched (external RF system in operation) beams. Detailed experimental information on coasting beams has been obtained on the ISR, on the (old) CERN electron model CESAR, and on electron ring accelerators. All high-energy electron storage rings have bunched beams and, of course, so do synchrotrons, so that there are a large number of sources of experimental information about the longitudinal motion of bunched beams.

We have measured the critical magnetic field for superconductivity In tungsten from 5.5 to 15 mK using a {gamma}-ray anisotropy thermometer, and we have measured the heat capacity between 0.35 and 25 K. Analysis of the data gives H{sub 0} = 1.237 Oe for the 0 K critical field, T{sub c} = 16.0 mK for the critical temperature, {gamma} = 1.008 mJ/mole K{sup 2} for the coefficient of the electronic heat capacity, and {Theta}{sub 0} = 383 K for the 0 K Debye temperature. The measured values of the critical field H{sub c} are consistently higher than those reported by Black, Johnson and Wheatley (BJW) on the CMN temperature scale, but the temperature dependence is similar. This discrepancy and the temperature dependence of H{sub c} suggest that both sets of H{sub c} data are affected by magnetic impurities. Use of the calorimetric {gamma} value permits an improved test of the CMN temperature scale with the very low temperature H{sub c} data obtained by BJW.

We present detailed measurements of the electron avalanche process in liquid Xenon. The measurements were made by using liquid-Xe-filled proportional chambers with anode diameters of 2.9, 3.5, and 5.0 {approx} to detect 279-keV y rays and measure the photopeak pulse height as a function of applied voltage. The use of uniform pulses of electrons enabled us to discriminate against secondary Townsend processes. We present a table of the first Townsend coefficient a as a function of electric field E; a typical value is {alpha} = (4.5 {+-} 0.3) x 10{sup 4} cm{sup -1} at E = 2 x 10{sup 6} V/cm. The electron avalanche occurs in liquid Xe at electric fields 26 times smaller than would be predicted using measurements made in gaseous Xe and E/{rho} density scaling.

The authors present measurements of the invariant cross section for the inclusive reaction p + p {yields} p + X in the region 0.14 < |t| < 0.38 GeV{sup 2}, 100 < s < 750 GeV{sup 2} and 0.07 < M{sub x/s}{sup 2} < 0.20.

Neutral decays and {gamma} conversions have been analyzed in an exposure of the NAL 30 hydrogen bubble chamber to 205 GeV/c pions. This paper presents preliminary results on inclusive cross sections for the production of {Upsilon}'s, K{sub s}{sup 0}'s, {Lambda}{sup 0}'s and {bar {Lambda}}{sup 0}'s by 205 GeV/c {pi}{sup -}p interactions. The experiment was done in the NAL 30 hydrogen bubble chamber. Six hundred and sixty-four neutral decays (or conversions) found in a scan of 3058 {pi}{sup -}p interactions were measured. During measurement, three percent of these events were rejected as not pointing to the primary vertex. Another 29% were discarded by a fiducial volume cut on the neutral vertex.

We propose a novel technique to study hadron-hadron collisions in which a significant fraction of the available energy is carried off in directions transverse to the beam. The technique is independent of the details of the final state so is ideally suited to searching for the jet-like particle clusters predicted by the parton model. The detector consists of a small calorimeter and several planes of 1 meter square proportional chambers.

The authors describe experiments with liquid-xenon-filled wire chambers operating in the proportional mode and the difficulty of achieving useful gain when the anode wires have a spacing < 1 mm. As a result, they have largely turned our attention to chambers with closely spaced wires operated in the ionization mode. They have previously demonstrated a spatial resolution of 15 {micro} rms in this mode, using a 5-wire chamber and a collimated alpha source. They describe the construction of two small high-resolution test chambers to be filled with liquid argon, krypton, or xenon. The chambers consist of two flat cathodes 1 to 2.5 mm apart with a wire plane between them. The wire plane is an array of 24 wires, 5 {micro} in diameter, spaced on 20-{micro} centers, and a charge amplifier is attached to each wire. The space resolution (expected rms < 20 {micro}), time resolution (expected rms < 50 ns), and efficiency will be measured in an accelerator beam. Chambers of this type with only a few hundred wires have sufficient area to cover nearly every beam at NAL.

In 1968, Luis Alvarez suggested that a high-resolution multiwire particle detector could be developed using a thin layer of liquified noble gas as the detection medium. After key problems in chamber construction, purification, and readout had been solved, a spatial resolution of 15 {micro} rms was demonstrated. Work is in progress to build high-resolution chambers and measure their properties for particle physics experiments at high-energy accelerators. The liquid xenon multiwire chamber also has potential in nuclear medicine for imaging isotope distributions with an unprecedented combination of gamma-ray detection efficiency and spatial resolution. A preliminary 24-wire chamber has been constructed; this chamber detects 280-keV gamma rays with 65% efficiency and 4-mm FWHM spatial resolution. Initial images of point and distributed sources are very promising, and the liquid purity can be maintained for periods exceeding several days.

This part of the completion report pertaining to the NERVA graphite fuel element program covers data collected during the extrusion studies. The physical properties of the fuel element reached the following values: coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) - 7.0 x 10-6/o C (25 - l,OOOo C); modulus of elasticity - 1.5 x lo6 psi; flexural strength - - 8,000 psi; ultimate strain to failure - 5,500 pidin; good thermal stress resistance. Matrices were produced which could be vapor coated with crack-free films of zirconium carbide. The CTE of the matrix was almost equal to the CTE of the zirconium carbide coating.

The objective of this research project is to investigate a geothermal anomaly of high heat flow discovered in 1969 in central Montana, and to determine how this natural resource might be developed as a source of useful energy. Under Phase I, the natural resource will be explored, drilled, and modeled at an estimated cost of $2,588,935 over a 3-year period. Phase II, depending upon the nature of the heat source, will be developing the resource under a cooperative effort of government and private industry. This environmental analysis is intended to cover the drilling and logging operations noted under Phase I, the only work being undertaken at this time. As can be seen from Figure 1, further tests may be run at this site in later phases of the study. But since the nature of these tests are highly dependent on the results of Phase I, it is not considered productive to speculate on their environmental impact. As is show, however, any later experiments would cover a range of underground experiments, some of which consume water and others which would produce water. Before a meaningful analysis of such work can be written, it will be necessary to analyze the results of …

A computer model for simulation of the image contrast caused by Frank dislocation loops in field ion tips of fcc materials is presented. The model is based on the shell model for ion image simulation, whereas the displacement field of Frank loops is computed from the exact displacement equation for a closed dislocation loop in an isotropically elastic continuum. A method for taking surface effects into account by superposition of the displacement field of an image loop is introduced. The results indicate that Frank loops will cause image contrast while wholly beneath the surface of the tip, and that vacancy and interstitial loops will cause qualitatively different contrast. The effect of surface relaxation, while quantitatively substantial, does not qualitatively alter these results. Special emphasis is placed on small loops, with respect to which existing contrast theory is inadequate. Some micrographs of ion bombarded iridium tips are presented. These micrographs display contrast effects in excellent agreement with computer plots of interstitial loop contrast.

Several basic errors appeared in an article recently published by Prunier et al. entitled, 'Some Properties of Xenon Liquid-Filled Nuclear Detectors'. The article describes an experiment to measure electronic phenomena in liquid xenon using single wire cylindrical chambers. The author here describes some errors made in their interpretation of their experimental observations.

The authors have measured the doubly differential cross section sd{sup 2}{sigma}/dtdM{sup 2} for the reaction p + p {yields} p + X using 200 GeV incident protons in the external beam at the National Accelerator Laboratory. Here t is the square of the four momentum transfer to the target proton, M{sup 2} is the mass squared of X, and s is the total center of mass energy squared. They cover the region of 0.019 < |t| < 0.19 GeV{sup 2} and 1 < M{sup 2} < 60 GeV{sup 2}. Interesting structure is observed at low |t| and M{sup 2} values.

An analysis of the grapple drive stem temperature during operation of the IVTM (In-Vessel Transfer Machine) indicates that the maximum stem wall temperature at the seals will be 270/sup 0/F when the system is at dynamic thermal equilibrium. If the transfer operation is initiated with the grapple drive stem initially at thermal equilibrium in the lowered position, a pre-cooling step will be required if the maximum temperature of the grapple drive stem wall at the seals is to be limited to 300/sup 0/F.

The hazards of nuclear power plants and the related nuclear industries are reviewed.

The selection of the design criteria for evaluation of the structural integrity of the MSG as modified for Na-H/sub 2/O reation testing is presented.

Separate abstracts were prepared for four papers. Two are listed by title. (MHR)

Blowdown/reflood testing of two heater rods containing laser welded thermocouple attachments is described. Two series of tests were conducted, one of three and another of nine blowdowns. Test parameters were controlled such that the blowdown/reflood cycles duplicated those predicted for the LOFT reactor. Thermocouple performance throughout the test series was very good in that the only failures observed were caused by bowing of the heater rod. Data from all tests are included as are photographs of laser welds taken at various times during the test series. Although heater rod bowing did cause failure of some of the welds, actual fuel pins are restrained and thus not expected to bow to this extent. When weld failure does occur it appears in the form of a separation at the bond between the Titanium fillet and Zircaloy. This does not impair either the performance or the integrity of the fuel cladding in any way.