A single batch (No. 4-60-IV) of PADAP supplied by Sandia Corporation was analyzed to determine its suitability for a specific detonator application. Results of 5 tests on the explosive are reported. From these tests, PADAP appears to be too insensitive for such detonators.

Mortalities in salmonid populations induced by Chondrococcus columnaris are usually associated with warm river water temperatures. Increasing use of the Columbia River for agriculture, industry and power will introduce additional added heat increments which could result,in additional growth of C. columnaris and proliferation of the disease. It is necessary, therefore, that we examine the existing environmental factors which contribute to the disease in the river. Proliferation and release of C. columnaris from fish ladders was demonstrated by the large number of organisms isolated from the Rocky Reach fish ladder on the Columbia River during 1965. The authors found that C. columnaris release into the water was related to the high incidence of infected coarse fishes and anadromous salmonids in the ladder. In this report, we will describe results which suggest that fish ladders may be important, sites for transferring the disease from fish indigenous to the Columbia River to migrating anadromous salmonids.

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Evaluation of the test data from numerous experiments indicates that large scale calorimeter experimentation in the Pantex detonation sphere is impractical. Detailed quantitative and qualitative measurements of the detonation products will continue to be made to provide data for the evaluation and comparison of explosive performance.

The objectives of the study are the determination of detonation velocity, shock sensitivity, impact sensitivity, etc.; and the acquisition of high precision one-dimensional hydrodynamic data for use in establishing detonation product equations of state, performance of explosives, etc. A one-inch diameter cylinder test was fired with LX-07-2 Lot HOL 902-1. A wedge test series on LX-07-1 was completed. Shock sensitivity appears to be less than for LX-10-0 but slightly higher than for LX-09-0. One snowball test was conducted with LX-07-2. It was discovered that a change in the detonators employed had occurred.

The objectives of this study are the determination of detonation velocity, shock sensitivity, impact sensitivity, etc.; and the acquisition of high-precision one-dimensional hydrodynamic data for use in establishing detonation product equations-of-state, performance of explosives, etc. A wedge test series was begun on RX-25-AA. This is the first attempt in this work to study a composite explosive with the wedge test. Behavior appears to be quite different from the standard explosives.

Vertical drop tests were completed on several explosives. Results are given and discussed. Oblique impact tests were performed on the extrusion cast explosive RX-08-AZ. No reactions were observed in the severest of impacts. Half-inch gap test series were performed on two lots of LX-09-0. Results are tabulated. No experimental work with the friction test apparatus was done this period.

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A number of PETN charges and one confined TNT charge were fired, and the product gases were analyzed by mass spectroscopy (at both LRL and Pantex; agreement was good). The investigation into the feasibility of large scale calorimeter experimentation on the Pantex detonation sphere continues; conclusions are not yet drawn.

In the manufacture of Extex (XTX 8003, 80% PETN, 20% Sylgard silicone rubber), the formulation is mixed for about five hours. Freon MF is added in the proportions of fur pounds Extex to one quart Freon, to enhance the mixing at lower power than would otherwise be the case. After mixing, the formulation is milled on a three-roll rubber mill for a total of 25 passes. The study of the effects of roll milling on Extex was started; the visual results are indicative that a considerable reduction in crystal size occurs during the formulation process.

Initial studies have been started of the film developer combinations currently in use at the firing sites in the Development Division. Kodak Plus-X film and Diafine and Kodak Dektol developers were selected for study from among the combinations being used along with Kodak developers, D-76, D-19, Polydol, DK-50 (1:1) and full strength. Analysis of sensitometric and image quality results indicate that the use of Diafine and Dektol be discontinued for processing streak camera shadowgraphic records and D-76 be used in its place.

Since the mechanical behavior of two lots of LX-04-1 was different from others, additional testing was done. Objectives were to determine if and how these two lots differed from other lots of LX-04-1, and to determine if any noticeable change had occurred since they were first tested 1 1/2 years ago. Creep and tensile strength was determined. Results confirmed that these two lots (SR-92-14 and -15) are more resilient. Results for a number of miscellaneous HE lots are presented.

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A composition of 98/2 weight percent PETN/polybutadiene elastomer was formulated, sprayed on bridgewires and electrically initiated, to determine the,feasibility of such deposition of explosives bonded to test surfaces. Test firing resulted in a detonation reaction which could mean that explosive compositions sprayed on test surfaces may be an important tool in testing structural integrity, e.g., as presently in the Vulnerability Testing Program. A semi-automatic apparatus for spraying explosive formulations on chemically etched electric circuits, support membranes and/or test vehicle surfaces has been designed, and improved application processes are being developed.

This project is to investigate and determine minimum, safe, and reproducible tail stock forces appropriate for use in the fabrication of creep and tensile specimens for HE. The survey conducted revealed that tensile specimens were machined with a tail stock force of approximately 60 psi. The tail stock force was reduced to 6 psi by incorporating center holes in the machining operation. Comparison tests between tensile specimens fabricated with a tail stock for ce of 10 psi and 50 psi clearly indicated that the specimens fabricated with 50 psi of tail stock force received some damage.

A method using a chromatograph for a quantitative determination of the FEFO content of LX-09 was investigated. The accuracy of the initial results was variable. Difficulty has been experienced in obtaining reproducible data due to fluctuations of unknown origin in the FEFO peak. Results are given of a sample analysis of LX-09. A modification of the procedure for determining purity with the DSC-1 is discussed. The molar heats of decomposition of PETN, diPEHN, triPEON, and tetraPEDN were measured and correlated with the number of nitrate and ether branches present in each type of molecule and the effective contribution of each branch to the total heat of decomposition was obtained. The heats of fusion and decomposition for each compound are reported.

The capabilities of the high pressure DTA are discussed and the modifications made to correct the errors in the temperature measurement are described. The variations in the melting point of PETN and the temperature of the {beta} to {delta} transition for HMX as a function pressure are reported. Above 8,000 psi the melting point of PETN appears to be linear with pressure. The temperature of the {beta} to {delta} transition for HMX also appears to be linear with pressure. Coupon test data for another assembly aged 355 days at 80 C are reported with a summary of the gas analysis, Henkin`s time-to-explosion, and chemical reactivity test data for coupon test assemblies aged for 94, 151, and 263 days at 80 C. These data also show that the LX-09 in the coupon test assemblies will fade from purple to tan when stored at 80 C in an atmosphere of N{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, and CO{sub 2} (60/30/10) and the LX-09 will become a much darker purple in a helium atmosphere. Some preliminary tests show that N{sub 2}, CO, NO, CO{sub 2}, and N{sub 2}O are the major decomposition gas products that can be expected from FEFO.

The progress of the identification of the impurities in FEFO is discussed. One very high boiler has been partially isolated from a sample of concentrated impurities. Mass spectra of five of the low boiling impurities are reported. Heats of fusion for PETN, washed PETN and PETN extracted from Extex are discussed. A standard deviation of less than 1% for the heat at fusion of PETN by DSC-1 is obtained. High pressure DTA thermograms are reported for HMX, PETN, Tetryl and TNT.

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