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An equation of state previously used by the author is developed further and applied to geologic media. The equation is of the same form as the Murnaghan equation of state, but with the elastic constant terms replaced by the cohesive energy density (internal pressure), and the exponential term given as a sum of the Gruneisen parameter and the gaseous adiabatic exponent. Data for shock compression of silica, basalt, and dolomite are analyzed according to the equation.

The macroreticular anion exchange resin, Amberlite IRA-900-OH, and an experimental resin from Ionac Chemical Company were irradiated by a /sup 60/Co source to doses of 5 x 10/sup 7/ rad and 10/sup 8/ rad. These doses approximate or exceed the dose encountered by the deionizer resins in 100-Area service. The loss in exchange capacity and the volume changes of Amberlite IRA-900 on irradiation were similar to those found previously for Amberlite IRA-400. The Ionac experimental resin, which had a considerably lower initial exchange capacity, likewise was not stable to radiation. It is concluded that Amberlite IRA-900 offers no advantage over Amberlite IRA-400 for 100-Area purification service. Since there is little justification for further evaluation of macroreticular resin for 100-Area use, the present work completes RTA-893-R.

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This report addresses the comparison of SNAP-50/SPUR System with MHD, Brayton, boiling reactor and thermionic systems.

At 100-H Area there are 13 locations and at 100-F Area 16 locations where radioactive material was deposited underground. Five of these locations, 2 at 100-H and 3 at 100-F, have been permanently terminated as burial sites in compliance with Radiation Control Standards. They contain solid waste with significant quantities of long-life radionuclides. Burial locations within the 105 Building exclusion fences were not marked with permanent posts as the exclusion fences are sufficient marking for such sites. Other locations not permanently marked were the components of the effluent systems, including the 107 retention basins, 1904 outfall structures and associated piping. Control objectives for these locations were to prevent contamination spreads and limit personnel access for several years. Similar objectives applied to locations where small quantities of liquid waste were released to ground, or small amounts of surface-contaminated materials were buried. At these locations, existing fences and radiation zone signs were left in place. The permanently posted burial grounds contain two general types of radioactive waste: neutron-activated reactor components, and surface-contaminated material and equipment. The activated components consist almost entirely of steel and aluminum. The most significant radionuclide contained in these materials is 5-year /sup 60/Co. The surface contaminants are primarily …

There are four district stratigraphic units within the Pasco Basin which if interpreted on the basis of recent field evidence and described properly could be traced over most of southeastern Washington. At the present time these post-basalt sediments are described in the literature in such a way as to make extensive correlations impossible. Some descriptions overlap more than one unit whereas others describe only a part of the unit. It is proposed that all interested geologists in the Pacific Northwest now consider reconciling the differences which exist in the names and descriptions of those sedimentary deposits in light of this new evidence.

This is the first of two papers in which the low-temperature properties of liquid He{sup 3} are to be calculated in the thermodynamically consistent 'T-matrix' approximation. The set of coupled integral equations which are to be solved is exhibited in Part A of this paper. Part B of this paper is devoted to a preliminary, zero-temperature calculation which employs the additional approximations of using separable potentials and a noninteracting spectral function to define the interaction of two particles in the medium: the <T>{sub 0} approximation. In this approximation they obtain a spectral function for the quasi particles which they expect to display general features in common with those of the actual spectral function. Using this spectral function, they calculate the thermodynamic properties of the system and find that they compare favorably to those obtained in other calculations.

'Ethyl metaphosphate' or tetrapolyphosphate esters are a potentially useful starting material for the preparation of polynucleotides. The kinetics of the reactions of the esters with excess water and ethanol have been measured by means of p{sup 31} n.m.r. and IR spectroscopy. Upon the addition of specific amounts of water or ethanol, substances could be prepared which consist mainly of linear tetrapoly-, tripoly- or pyrophosphate esters containing smeller amounts of other polyphosphates and orthophosphates in an equilibrium composition. Diethyl hydrogen orthophosphate reacts with cyclic polyphosphate esters to open the ring; with linear esters it reacts to form polyphosphates with a lesser degree of condensation. This latter reaction also proceeds to an equilibrium. No reactions between linear and cyclic polyphosphate esters were observed at room temperature, which implies that the rates of the disproportionation of the linear polyphosphate esters were low. Some organic solvents previously employed for the dehydrating polymerization of sugars, amino acids or nucleotides destroy the tetrapolyphosphate esters. The various substances now available from tetrapolyphosphate esters by the action of water or reactive solvents will differ in their capabilities of producing the dehydrating polymerization reaction. Thus, one may expect that very different products might result from very small differences in …

Using infra-red spectroscopy, the equilibrium exchange times have been determined for a series of ketones, aromatic aldehydes, and {beta}-ketoesters reacting with oxygen 18 enriched water. These exchange times have been evaluated in terms of steric and electronic considerations, and applied to a discussion of the exchange times of chlorophylls a and b and chlorophyll derivatives.

The purpose of this paper is twofold: to introduce the reader to the subject of instabilities exhibited by relativistic particle beams, and to summarize the present state of our knowledge concerning these phenomena. Most of the material in the first part of the paper is not new. It has been known to some specialists for a good many years; what is new is that the problems that can be solved are now of much more interest to the general community of accelerator physicists. Consequently, many accelerator physicists who have not paid much attention to these matters may now want to become informed; it is my hope that this paper will provide an introduction to the field. The second part of the article consists of two sections. The first summarizes the experimental information presently available, with emphasis upon the degree to which it confirms or disagrees with theory. Our current level of understanding is delineated: considering the generality and reliability of the theoretical analysis as well as the degree of experimental confirmation, the author expresses his opinion as to what can be considered relatively well established. The final section contains a discussion of subjects needing further investigation and, consequently, supplements the …

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EARLIER investigations have demonstrated that di-cyandiamide (DCDA), the dimer of cyanamide, can successfully promote the dehydration condensation of: (1) glucose and orthophosphate to give glucose-6-phosphate; (2) adenosine and orthophosphate to give adenosine-5'-monophosphate; (3) orthophosphate to give pyrophosphate; (4) alanine to give alanylalanine and alanylalanylalanine. These reactions were carried out in dilute aqueous solutions in the dark. (It was also demonstrated that the combination of ultra-violet light and dicyandiamide could promote the synthesis of dipeptides. This observation has since been confirmed by other investigators.) These experiments were designed to demonstrate one possible means by which such compounds could have been formed on the prebiotic Earth, thus providing materials needed for the origin of living systems. Dicyandiamide itself could have been, present on the primitive Earth as was demonstrated with the ultra-violet irradiation of cyanide solution.

The vapors of potassium, rubidium, and cesium have been photoionized with light absorbed in the discrete region of the atomic spectrum. The energy threshold for the ionization process has been determined and the ions produced identified by mobility measurements. The data give lower limits for the dissociation energies of K{sup +2}, Rb{sup +2} and Cs{sup +2}. Each of these molecular ions has a bond energy approximately 50% greater than that of the corresponding neutral molecule. In addition, lower limits for the electron affinities of the alkali atoms and approximate values for the mobilities of Rb{sup +} and Rb{sup +2} in rubidium vapor are given.

How did life come to be on the surface of the earth? Darwin himself recognized that his basic idea of evolution by variation and natural selection must be a continuous process extending backward in time through that period in which the first living things arose and into the period of 'Chemical Evolution' which preceded it. We are approaching the examination of these events by two routes. One is to seek for evidence in the ancient rocks of the earth which were laid down prior to that time in which organisms capable of leaving their skeletons in the rocks to be fossilized were in existence. This period is sometime prior to approximately 600 million years ago. The earth is believed to have taken its present form approximately 4700 million years ago. We have found in rocks whose age is about 1000 million years certain organic molecules which are closely related to the green pigment of plants, chlorophyll. This seems to establish that green plants were already fluorishing prior to that time. We have now found in rocks of still greater age, namely, 2500 million years, the same kinds of molecules mentioned above which can be attributed to the presence of living …

The calcined-waste containers produced during the Hot Cell Pilot Plant experiments in 1962 and 1963 have generated a maximum pressure of 3 psig. Design verification tests with the prototype spray calciner showed satisfactory performance when producing high melting point powders. Later tests on other feeds showed poor atomization and cake buildup in the calciner. Design of the prototype equipment is complete. Procurement and fabrication of prototype equipment is done except for a few cleanup items and final field-fitting of jumpers. Design verification tests on the pot storage station indicated satisfactory calorimeter performance. A GE-412 computer was successfully used in design verification tests for data collection, calculation, and correlations. Studies continued on fixation of sulfates from acid condensates generated in a glass-making process. Lead sulfate-borax melts produced by a continuous feed melter at 900/sup 0/C appear to be quite fluid, but exhibited a high (22%) evolution of sulfate. Studies were initiated on incorporation of the neutralized condensate into asphalt. Release rates of up to 2%/hr for /sup 137/Cs from a simulated phosphate ceramic waste material were observed from exposures to temperatures up to 1200/sup 0/C. Release rates of other isotopes which appear to be a thousand-fold lower than for cesium established …

A limited program of evaluation of the ML-1 technology as related to the design of the calandria/pressure vessel assembly was completed. This work included: a photoelastic experimental program which resulted in the conclusion that values recommended by Langer and O'Donnell for the effective elastic constants employed in the analysis of ligament stresses in the ML-1 type tube sheets in the past results in a good approximation of the bending constants but in a value of the tensile elastic modulus which is about 40% too high; several modifications to the TSA computer code for stress calculations which improved the precision and flexibility of the code; and a very preliminary evaluation of the properties of candidate materials for use in a high-performance, advanced ML-1 type pressure vessel.

It was the practice for several years to estimate the potential dose rate to the gastrointestinal from sanitary water sources by evaluating the results of radiochemical analysis of individual nuclides. The proposed method estimates the GI tract dose from Pasco and Richland domestic water from measurements of the total beta activity, and permits more frequent and more economical evaluation of a variable source of radiation exposure. Beginning with 1964 data, the GI tract dose rate for Richland and Pasco sanitary water has been obtained by multiplying the total beta count by a conversion factor derived from the historical relationship between the radiochemical analyses and the total beta counts. Either the accumulation of more data or changes in the relative abundance of the more significant nuclides in the water may result in changes in this factor.

A theoretical expression for the stripping differential cross section is derived and prepared for computer evaluation. Input information is provided for the code B53DWC, which calculates this cross section, and the codes B53GOR, B53SIX, and B53RIM, which evaluate 3-J, 6-J, and 9-J coefficients. (RWR)

This report is the seventeenth in a series of progress reports of the advanced high-temperature gas reactor - 710 program. This report describes the work performed and progress made from September 1 to October 31, 1965 on the following current tasks in the 710 program: Development of Refractory-Metal Fuel Elements; Critical Experiments of Fast-Spectrum, Refractory-Metal Reactors; Experimental Reactor Preliminary Design and Development; Test Facilities Design and Evaluation; and Investigations of the Application of the 710 Reactor Concept to Space Power Systems.

An evaluation of particle dispersion from natural and artificial sources has been made relating this information to circulation processes in the mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. The data on natural particle and nuclear debris dispersion have been interpreted in terms of their significance in regard to SNAP fuel reentry dispersion and extended by various fall-out time and dispersion calculations.

Heating distributions have been obtained for the SNAP 10A reactor by means of a thermal paint technique in the Rhodes and Bloxsom 60 in. hypersonic wind tunnel. Data and correlations are presented only for those reactor components where the ratio of the local heat transfer to that on the stagnation point of the calibration sphere was found to be independent of tunnel conditions. It is shown that these heating distributions can be applied directly to reentry conditions provided the thermally painted and the bare reactor surfaces are both catalytic to atom recombination.

The results are presented of a parameter survey of the properties and mechanisms affecting the reentry ablation of SNAP fuel particles. The following properties and mechanisms were studied: aerodynamic heating, oxidation, oxide vaporization, metal vaporization, particle emissivity, specific heat, density, velocity, and initial size. These studies were made for particle release altitudes ranging from 170,000 to 228,000 feet.

This report covers the activities with regard to on-site customer irradiations as of the above date. The report covers the status of materials undergoing irradiation, awaiting disposition, material shipped during the month, and current status of all reactor test holes. The integrated exposure values are calculated in accordance with HW-62781, {open_quotes}Status Report Equations.{close_quotes} The integrated exposure reported is the average exposure received by the surrounding uranium columns. Conversion to exposure received by the sample is left to the customer.