For the radioisotopes with half-lives over a year, only eight appear to be obtainable in the foreseeable future. The fission products, strontium-90, cesium-137, and promethium-147, exist in wastes from reactor processing, diluted with enormous volumes of other elements and salts. Among those isotopes producible by irradiation of special target materials (cobalt-60, uranium-232, plutonium-238, and curium-244) cobalt-60, though easy to produce, requires a special design for the heat source generator because much of its emitted energy is penetrating gamma radiation. Cobalt-60 appears, therefore, to be rather limited in its prospects for use. Plutonium-238 is favored as a heat source because of its long half-line and no need for special shielding. However, its projected high cost, scarcity, and biological hazard encourages the search for a competitive material. When plutonium assumes a significant place as a recycled fuel in thermal reactors for power production, curium-244 can then become available at costs below that for plutonium-238. Curiunm-244 has five times the specific power of plutonium-238 and appears to be just as easy to handle. Promethium-147, although probably on the ''short end'' of the half-life scale, can be considered for some uses as a substitute for plutonium-238. Although the factors of availability, gamma activity, and …

The following analysis of the induced radioactivity in SNAP-50/SPUR electrical machinery having a high cobalt content is submitted. Induced radioactivity in the flight vehicle will contribute negligibly to allowable radiation levels. This is especially so due to the low neutron to gamma ratio of assumed radiation damage tolerances to semiconductors. A calculation to estimate the order of magnitude of induced radioactivity in cobalt is attached. The calculation is based on a best guess of the neutron spectrum directly behind a lithium hydride shield. The resulting low cobalt activity and associated dose rate of about 1 mr/hr at 10 ft from a generator or a motor is insignificant. Although the evaluation indicates insignificant levels of induced radioactivity, this conclusion is not applicable to a ground test. Neutron moderation and scattering from a containment vessel and biological shield would greatly perturb the neutron environment behind the flight shield. Posttest handling of all components within the vacuum test chamber will undoubtedly be a problem. Notwithstanding the importance of limiting induced radioactivity, other considerations such as economy, cooling and vacuum requirements will largely dictate the final facility design. In summary, an activation analysis involves the overall facility design and will not be readily resolved. …

This document details activities of the irradiation processing department during the month of June, 1963. A general summary is included at the start of the report, after which the report is divided into the following sections: Research and Engineering Operations; Production and Reactor Operations; Facilities Engineering Operation; and Financial Operation.

The purpose of this January, 1963 report is to review existing Redox exhaust gas sampling equipment and to propose modifications and additions where appropriate. A study was conducted to determine what modifications, if any, should be made to the Redox exhaust gas sampling equipment to improve their present methods of monitoring for excessive amounts of fission product activity.

(VSR = vertical safety rod.) This report summarizes results of development programs which have evaluated vertical rod channel sleeving materials and provided flexible vertical rods, acceptable for both interim use before rod channel sleeving, and for subsequent use in sleeved channels. B{sub 4}C is the rod material; graphite and Al oxide are among the sleeve materials.

This is the monthly report for the Hanford Laboratories Operation, June 1963. Metallurgy, reactor fuels, chemistry, dosimetry, separation processes, reactor technology, financial activities, visits, biology operation, physics and instrumentation research, and employee relations are discussed.

This document has been prepared for internal use by the General Electric Company to serve as a program for evaluating reactor instrumentation and safety circuit equipment needs. It is intended that this document be used as a guide for defining, planning and scheduling engineering effort; budgeting of capital money; and project planning for new instrumentation systems. Effort will be made to periodically evaluate the status of the programs presented and provide updating information accordingly.After a plant has been built and operated for a number of years, it becomes apparent to operating and engineering personnel that certain modifications in controls and monitoring systems would provide both tangible and intangible benefits. Systems which were once thought to be the primary points of control shift in importance as others become recognized. As time passes this shifting spreads the main control focus from the central control desk to various other areas in the control room. Production rate increases cause instrument ranges and scales to be changed so that information on the process can still be obtained from existing equipment. Response times, sensitivity, limits, and time constants which were figured for one level must be used or revised for new levels. Further, it is discovered …

This is the monthly report for the Hanford Laboratories Operation March 1963. Reactor fuels, chemistry, dosimetry, separation processes, reactor technology, financial activities, biology operation, physics and instrumentation research, operations research and synthesis, programming, and radiation protection operation are discussed.

This annual report details activities of the Hanford Atomic Products Operation (HAPO) during 1962.

This report documents information acquired from the operation of the purex process during the year of 1963 at the Hanford Site. The report is broken down into sections containing data collected on two to four week intervals. The data included: Performance, flowsheets, feed preparation, solvent extraction, product treatment, solvent treatment, acid recovery, waste concentration, fission product recovery, and waste treatment and storage.

This is the monthly report for the Hanford Laboratories Operation January 1963. Reactor fuels, chemistry, dosimetry, separation processes, reactor technology, financial activities, biology operation, physics and instrumentation research, operations research and synthesis, programming, and radiation protection operation are discussed.

This is the monthly report for the Hanford Laboratories Operation, April, 1963. Reactor fuels, chemistry, dosimetry, separation processes, reactor technology financial activities, biology operation, physics and instrumentation research, employee relations, applied mathematics operation, programming, and radiation protection operation discussed.

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The Control Drum Actuator Checker is used to verify the operation of the hydraulic control drum actuators before they are installed on the reactor. It provides for local checkout after installation. It provides for local checkout after installation. It also provides for pre-installation hydraulic leak and pneumatic seal test on individual actuator assemblies.

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ABS>A system was created for processing large volumes of data from Project ROVER tests at the Nevada Test Site. The data are compiled as analog, frequency modulated tape, which is translated in a Packard-Bell Tape-to-Tape converter into a binary coded decimal (BCD) IBM 7090 computer input tape. This input tape, tape A5, is processed on the 7090 by the RDH-D FORTRAN-II code and its 20 FAP and FORTRAN subroutines. Outputs from the 7090 run are tapes A3, which is a BCD tape used for listing on the IBM 1401 input-output computer, tape B5 which is a binary tape used as input to a Stromberg-Carlson 40/20 cathode ray tube (CRT) plotter, and tape B6 which is a binary tape used for permanent data storage and input to specialized subcodes. The information on tape B5 commands the 40/20 to write grids, data points, and other information on the face of a CRT; the information on the CRT is photographed on 35 mm film which is subsequently developed; full-size (10" x 10") plots are made from the 35 mm film on a Xerox 1824 printer. The 7090 processes a data channel in approximately 4 seconds plus 4 seconds per plot to be made …

Discussion of theories on particle motion in electric and magnetic fields precedes examination of theories on the source of the inner and outer Van Allen belts. Theories for the inner belt propose solar cosmic ray injection and galactic cosmic ray injection as the source of the protons. Neutron albedo is particularly examined but seems to be unaccountable for the proton belt. Neutron albedo and injection from the sun are also considered as possible sources of the electrons in the outer belt. Fluctuations, intensities, and distributions of the belts are also discussed, and the connection between the belts and aurora displays is examined. Fluxes, spectra, and particle intensities are displayed, and the effects of magnetic storms on the belts are analyzed. 150 references. (D.C.W.)

A generalized correlation for the liquid fraction in twophase flow is presented which is proposed for use with all iluids, including liquid metals. The correlation is based on isothermal, two-phase, two-component liquid fraction data for liquid Hg--N/sub 2/ and water-air. Liquid fraction is shown to be a function of the Martinelli flow modulus and liquid/gas density and viscosity ratios. Good correspondence is indicated between the liquid fraction predicted by this correlation and the Martinelli-Nelson correlation for steam, experimental data for steam, and experimental data for Santowax R. Prediction of liquid fraction by this method is shown for Na, K, Rb, and Hg. Application of the method to boiling Hg, for a range of temperatures and exit qualities, is demonstrated for SNAP systems. (auth)

A set of 23-group neutron cross sections for use in the calculation of neutron thermalization and thermal neutron spectral effects in SNAP reactors is compiled. The sources and methods used to obtain the cross sections are described. (auth)

The spread of a beam of particles can be represented by an ellipse in phase space, which represents the spread of the beam in both angle and distance. It is shown that the changes in this ellipse can be followed simply by graphical means, as the beam passes through an optical system consisting of thick and thin lenses and drift spaces. Such calculations are of value when an injected beam must be matched to an accelerator, or when a beam of particles from an accelerator must be transported to an experiment or through an anaiyzing system. The graphical calculation is quicker than a computer calculation, and should be of sufficient accuracy in most cases. The graphical calcuiation gives insight into the changes necessary in a beam transport system to give it the desired properties. (auth)

A general formalism is developed for obtaining simplified expressions for the 3-j symbol using the symmetry properties of the symbol discovered by Regge. Some new formulas are derived from the formalism for cases in which Racah's series for the symbol is summable. (auth)

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Seals capable of long life at 1500 c- C in cesium and vacuum environments are developed. Improved methods of sealing both metallized and unmetallized ceramic members to refractory metals are developed. Associated work on ceramics, refractory metal alloys, and ceramic-metal composites is made. (auth)

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