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Catalytic steam gasification of bagasse for the production of methanol (open access)

Catalytic steam gasification of bagasse for the production of methanol

Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) tested the catalytic gasification of bagasse for the production of methanol synthesis gas. The process uses steam, indirect heat, and a catalyst to produce synthesis gas in one step in fluidized bed gasifier. Both laboratory and process development scale (nominal 1 ton/day) gasifiers were used to test two different catalyst systems: (1) supported nickel catalysts and (2) alkali carbonates doped on the bagasse. This paper presents the results of laboratory and process development unit gasification tests and includes an economic evaluation of the process. 20 references, 6 figures, 9 tables.
Date: December 1, 1983
Creator: Baker, E.G. & Brown, M.D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Transverse spin observables in chromodynamics (open access)

Transverse spin observables in chromodynamics

Quantum Chromodynamics confronts a harsh series of tests in the attempt to formulate a comprehensive approach to the calculation of transverse spin observables. The basic obstacles to understanding transverse spin can be illustrated by considering the transverse structure function g{sub T}(x, Q{sup 2}) = g{sub 1}(x, Q{sup 2}) + g{sub 2}(x, Q{sup 2}), extracted from deep-inelastic scattering using a polarized lepton and a polarized proton. The inadequacy of the transverse-spin basis for quarks and gluons found there suggests a new approach to the problems of single-spin observables in large-transverse-momentum processes. This approach, presented earlier for single spin production asymmetries, is discussed here. It is shown that the mechanism can also lead to baryon polarization effects at large P{sub T}. 14 refs.
Date: December 1, 1989
Creator: Sivers, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Enhancing the use of coals by gas reburning-sorbent injection (open access)

Enhancing the use of coals by gas reburning-sorbent injection

The objective of this project is to evaluate and demonstrate a cost effective emission control technology for acid rain precursors, oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) and sulfur (SO{sub x}), on three coal fired utility boilers in Illinois. The units selected are representative of pre-NSPS design practices; tangential, wall, and cyclone fired. The specific objectives are to demonstrate reductions of 60 percent in NO{sub x} and 50 percent in SO{sub x} emissions, by a combination of two developed technologies, gas reburning (GR) and sorbent injection (SI). With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the primary combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO{sub x} is converted to N{sub 2}. The combustion process is completed by overfire air addition. SO{sub x} emissions are reduced by injecting dry sorbents (usually calcium based) into the upper furnace, at the superheater exit or into the ducting following the air heater. The sorbents trap SO{sub x} as solid sulfates and sulfites, which are collected in the particulate control device.
Date: December 22, 1988
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reactor Development Program Progress Report, September 1967 (open access)

Reactor Development Program Progress Report, September 1967

None
Date: December 31, 1967
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Prevention of biofouling on heat transfer surfaces of ocean thermal energy converters. Progress report, May 1, 1975--November 30, 1975 (open access)

Prevention of biofouling on heat transfer surfaces of ocean thermal energy converters. Progress report, May 1, 1975--November 30, 1975

The objectives of the program were to develop chemical processes utilizing a combination of certain fluorochemicals and tribulyltin based toxicants for treating the surfaces of metals which may be used to fabricate OTEC heat exchangers, and to demonstrate the effectiveness of these surface treatments as antibiofoulants. Aluminium alloy No. 3003-H14 and titanium were testd, neither of which proved satisfactory. (WDM)
Date: December 1, 1975
Creator: Ostrozynski, R.L. & Jones, P.E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Biological Effects of Blast. Technical Progress Report (open access)

Biological Effects of Blast. Technical Progress Report

The current state of knowledge relevant to biological blast effects was summarized in a selective manner. Initially, five problems of concern to those who would relate the environmental variations produced by nuclear weapons with biological response and hazard assessment were pointed out. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and miscellaneous blast effects were defined and selected interspecies experimental data of a physical and pathophysiological nature useful in estimating human response were presented. Tentative biological criteria defining safe levels of exposure were set forth as were survival curves for different conditions of exposure in Hiroshima. These were discussed along with the comparative variations in range of the free-field effects as they vary with explosive yield. The fundamental requirement for surviving seconds, minutes, and hours to abet survival for days, weeks, months, and years was emphasized along with the necessity for planning protective measures against all hazardous weapons effects as one attractive alternative for minimizing casualties and maximizing survival in the event of a nuclear war. (auth)
Date: December 1, 1961
Creator: White, C. S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Habitat Evaluation and Monitoring in the Columbia River Basin, Final Report. (open access)

Habitat Evaluation and Monitoring in the Columbia River Basin, Final Report.

The law established the Northwest Power Planning Council to prepare and adopt a regional conservation and electric power plan, and a program to protect, mitigate, and enhance fish and wildlife. The objectives are the development of regional plans and programs related to energy conservation, renewable resources, other resources, and protecting mitigating, and enhancing fish and wildlife resources and to protect, mitigate, and enhance the fish and wildlife, including related spawning grounds and habitat, of the Columbia River and its tributaries. 4 refs.
Date: December 1, 1986
Creator: Everson, Larry B.; Campbell, Charles J.; Craven, Richard E. & Welsh, Thomas L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sodium-Cooled Reactors: Fast Ceramic Reactor Development Program. Twenty- Sixth Quarterly Report, February--April 1968 (open access)

Sodium-Cooled Reactors: Fast Ceramic Reactor Development Program. Twenty- Sixth Quarterly Report, February--April 1968

None
Date: December 31, 1968
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effects of energy constraints on transportation systems. [Twenty-six papers] (open access)

Effects of energy constraints on transportation systems. [Twenty-six papers]

Twenty-six papers are presented on a variety of topics including: energy and transportaton facts and figures; long-range planning under energy constraints; technology assessment of alternative fuels; energy efficiency of intercity passenger and freight movement; energy efficiency of intracity passenger movement; federal role; electrification of railroads; energy impact of the electric car in an urban enviroment; research needs and projects in progress--federal viewpoint; research needs in transportation energy conservation--data needs; and energy intensity of various transportation modes--an overview. A separate abstract was prepared for each of the papers for inclusion in Energy Research Abstracts (ERA) and in Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis (EAPA).
Date: December 1, 1977
Creator: Mittal, R. K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hydrology and geochemistry of thermal ground water in southwestern Idaho and north-central Nevada (open access)

Hydrology and geochemistry of thermal ground water in southwestern Idaho and north-central Nevada

The study area occupies about 14,500 square miles in southwestern Idaho and north-central Nevada. Thermal ground water occurs under artesian conditions, in discontinuous or compartmented zones, in igneous or sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age. Ground-water movement is generally northward. Temperatures of the ground water range from about 30/sup 0/ to more than 80/sup 0/C. Chemical analyses of water from 12 wells and 9 springs indicate that nonthermal waters are a calcium bicarbonate type; thermal waters are a sodium bicarbonate type. Chemical geothermometers indicate probable maximum reservoir temperatures are near 100/sup 0/C. Concentration of tritium in the thermal water water is near zero.
Date: December 1, 1980
Creator: Young, H. W. & Lewis, R. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adsorption of Krypton and Xenon by Various Materials (open access)

Adsorption of Krypton and Xenon by Various Materials

The adsorptive capacities of various inorganic adsorbents and activated charcoals for krypton and xenon were determined. Columbia-G activated charcoal had the highest capacity for both krypton and xenon at pressures from 0.01 to 125 mm Hg and temperaturens from 2 to 85 deg C. If a value of 1 is assigned to the capacity of this charcoal at 28 deg C for krypton, other charcoals range from 0.63 to 0.84, molecular sieves (except 4A) from 0.11 to 0.20, and some silica genls from 0.05 to 0.07. Various othenr adsorbennts, including one variety of silica gel and molecular sieve 4A, range from 0.005 to 0.032. Molecular sienve 5A and Columbia-G charcoal adsorbed 11.5 times more xenon than krypton. Adsorption of 7.5% water by either of these adsorbents lowerend their capacity for krypton 25 to 30%, while saturating the sieve material ( approximates 15% H2O) lowered the krypton capacity 80%. (auth)
Date: December 1, 1961
Creator: Lloyd, M. H. & McNees, R. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thermodynamic properties of SeS (open access)

Thermodynamic properties of SeS

Mass-spectrometry and Knudsen effusion experiments were used to study the equilibrium partial pressure of SeS formed by reaction of S/sub 2/ and Se/sub 2/ which were produced by thermally decomposing a mixture of In/sub 2/S/sub 3/ and In/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ in a Knudsen effusion cell. The heat of formation of SeS(g) was determined by the second law method to be -0.6 +- 3 kcal/mole. The entropy of formation of SeS(g) was calculated from spectrographic data in Ahmed and Barrow to be 1.5 cal/degree-mole at 298/sup 0/K.
Date: December 1, 1977
Creator: Huang, M.D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Performance of a coincidence based blood activity monitor (open access)

Performance of a coincidence based blood activity monitor

A new device has been constructed that measures the positron emitting radio-tracer concentration in arterial blood by extracting blood with a peristaltic pump, then measuring the activity concentration by detecting coincident pairs of 511 keV photons with a pair of heavy inorganic scintillators attached to photomultiplier tubes. The sensitivity of this device is experimentally determined to be 610 counts/second per {mu}Ci/ml, and has a paralyzing dead time of 1.2 {mu}s, so is capable of measuring blood activity concentration as high as 1 mCi/ml. Its performance is compared to two other blood monitoring methods: discrete blood samples counted with a well counter and device that uses a plastic scintillator to directly detect positrons. The positron detection efficiency of this device for {sup 18}F is greater than the plastic scintillation counter, and also eliminates the radioisotope dependent correction factors necessary to convert count rate to absolute concentration. Coincident photon detection also has the potential of reducing the background compared to direct positron detection, thereby increasing the minimum detectable isotope concentration. 10 refs., 6 figs.
Date: December 1, 1989
Creator: Moses, W. W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
H-Area Seepage Basins (open access)

H-Area Seepage Basins

During the third quarter of 1990 the wells which make up the H-Area Seepage Basins (H-HWMF) monitoring network were sampled. Laboratory analyses were performed to measure levels of hazardous constituents, indicator parameters, tritium, nonvolatile beta, and gross alpha. A Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) scan was performed on all wells sampled to determine any hazardous organic constituents present in the groundwater. The primary contaminants observed at wells monitoring the H-Area Seepage Basins are tritium, nitrate, mercury, gross alpha, nonvolatile beta, trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and total radium.
Date: December 1, 1990
Creator: Stejskal, G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Linear Accelerator Project. Annual Technical Report, October 1, 1971-- September 30, 1972 (open access)

Linear Accelerator Project. Annual Technical Report, October 1, 1971-- September 30, 1972

None
Date: December 31, 1972
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Economic impact of using nonmetallic materials in low to intermediate temperature geothermal well construction. Volume 1 (open access)

Economic impact of using nonmetallic materials in low to intermediate temperature geothermal well construction. Volume 1

The results are presented of an exhaustive literature search and evaluation concerning the properties and economics of commercially available nonmetallic well casing and screens. These materials were studied in terms of their use in low to intermediate temperature geothermal well construction.
Date: December 1, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Formation of H/sup -/ by charge transfer in alkaline-earth vapors (open access)

Formation of H/sup -/ by charge transfer in alkaline-earth vapors

Progress since the last symposium on the study of H/sup -/ formation by charge transfer in alkaline-earth vapors is reported. High yields are obtained at low energies, in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Date: December 5, 1983
Creator: Schlachter, A.S. & Morgan, T.J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Western gas sands project status report (open access)

Western gas sands project status report

The Western Gas Sands Project Plan, Project Implementation Plans, Project Plan Document FY 78 and the Quarterly Basin Activities Report are in various stages of preparation. Information gathering by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) of the initial data base for many of the project activities is continuing. Some base maps are complete and field investigations in the principal areas of interest are being conducted. Investigation of tight gas sands with scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction techniques and an X-ray spectrometer is proceeding. Research and Development by Energy Research Centers and National Laboratories funded by DOE has been directed toward the development of new tools and instrumentation systems, rock mechanics experiments, mathematical modeling and data analysis. The positive results of system development and data analysis techniques by Sandia and USGS/Menlo Park in determining fracture orientation have been very encouraging. The Field Test and Demonstrations section reports primarily on joint Government/Industry experiments. The Uinta Basin in Utah and Piceance Basin in Colorado have active massive hydraulic fracturing (MHF) experiments in the Upper Cretaceous tight gas formations. These are: Gas Producing Enterprises (GPE)--Natural Buttes No. 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22; Mobil Research and Development--F-31-13G; and Rio Blanco Natural Gas.
Date: December 1, 1977
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Technology Division, Unit Operations Section Monthly Progress Report, May 1961 (open access)

Chemical Technology Division, Unit Operations Section Monthly Progress Report, May 1961

The experimental results on the oxidation of H from a He stream with CuO pellets were very close to the predicted behavior based on the mathematical model. Experimental measurements of uranyl sulfate loading rates on chloride equilibrated resin showed little variation with solution concentrations. A tentative flowsbeet was proposed for cost analysis of processing a Pebble Bed Reactor. A U-Zr plate was dissolved in nitrate-free Zirflex solution. An authentic TRIGA prototype was processed in engineering-scale equipment. Three 4- stage leacher model dissolution runs were made, two of which used 8 M HNO/sub 3/ and one used 4 M HNO/sub 3/. Flooding rates and holdup data were obtained for sieve plate pulse columns under 5% TBP - l.8 Mi Al(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ flowsheet conditions. A Purex waste calcination run (R-37) was made using sodium anid imagnesium to reduce sulfate volatility. (auth)
Date: December 26, 1961
Creator: Whatley, M. E.; Haas, P. A.; Horton, R. W.; Ryon, A. D.; Suddath, J. C. & Watson, C. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sodium-Cooled Reactors Fast Ceramic Reactor Development Program. Twenty Fifth Quarterly Report, November 1967--January 1968 (open access)

Sodium-Cooled Reactors Fast Ceramic Reactor Development Program. Twenty Fifth Quarterly Report, November 1967--January 1968

None
Date: December 31, 1968
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Participants' Information Meeting: DOE Low-Level Waste Management Program (open access)

Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Participants' Information Meeting: DOE Low-Level Waste Management Program

The meeting consisted of the following six sessions: (1) plenary session I; (2) disposal technology; (3) characteristics and treatment of low-level waste; (4) environmental aspects and performance prediction; (5) overall summary sessions; and (6) plenary session II. Fifty two papers of the papers presented were processed for inclusion in the Energy Data Base. (ATT)
Date: December 1, 1983
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts (open access)

NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts

The primary objective of the project is to examine the relations between the catalytic and magnetic properties of the copper-cobalt higher alcohol synthesis catalysts. We have undertaken to investigate the magnetic character by studying the Nuclear Quadrupole resonance of copper and (Zerofield) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of cobalt in copper cobalt catalysts.
Date: December 17, 1991
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
CRBRP sodium circulating pump design evaluation (open access)

CRBRP sodium circulating pump design evaluation

The following topics are discussed: (1) primary sodium pump design concept; (2) pump level control system; (3) resolution of design problems in stress analysis, dynamics analysis, and mechanical design; (4) model testing; (5) planned performance tests; and (6) fabrication status. (DG)
Date: December 1, 1977
Creator: Marrujo, F.; Cook, M.; Manners, L. & Cothran, H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Computational complexity in multidimensional neutron transport theory calculations. Final report (open access)

Computational complexity in multidimensional neutron transport theory calculations. Final report

Research to establish a general method to assess the performance and reliability of computer codes for the numerical approximation of linear operators is reported. The neutron transport operator was chosen as model. The general approach to solving the error problem and the use of benchmarks are sketched. This report contains only a brief administrative summary; references are given to forty reports and publications that contain detailed information. (RWR)
Date: December 1, 1979
Creator: Bareiss, E. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library