We describe the design and construction status of theLow-Energy Ring (LER) of the PEP-II project, a collaboration of SLAC,LBNL, and LLNL. In the past year we have optimized LER parameters andstarted component fabrication. By reusing the original wigglers, we wereable to simplify the design of the distributed wiggler photon dump, whichmust dissipate 260 kW of power. The number of RF stations (eachcomprising a klystron powering two 476-MHz cavities) was reduced from 4to 3. We have begun fabrication of the arc vacuum system based on anextruded Al antechamber configuration with discrete photon stops andTSPs. The design of the straight section vacuum components, to befabricated from stainless steel pipe, is also completed. Quadrupoles anddipoles are provided under a collaborative agreement with IHEP (Beijing);correctors and skew quadrupoles are built domestically and sextupoles arerefurbished from existing PEP magnets. LER commissioning will begin earlyin 1998.

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The various power systems for supplying the PEP-II DCmagnets rely exclusively on switch mode conversion, utilizing a varietyof means depending on the requirements. All of the larger power supplies,ranging from 10 to 200 kW, are powered from DC sources utilizingrectified 480 V AC. Choppers can be used for the series connectedstrings, but for smaller groups and individual magnets, inverters drivinghigh-frequency transformers with secondary rectifiers comprise the bestapproach. All of the various systems use a "building block" approach ofmultiple standard-size units connected in series or parallel to mostcost-effectively deal with a great range of voltage and currentrequirements. Utilization of existing infrastructure from PEP-I has beena cost-effective determinant. Equipment is being purchased eitheroff-the-shelf, through performance specification, or by hardware purchasebased on design-through-prototype. The corrector magnet power system,utilizing inexpensive, off-the-shelf four-quadrant switching motorcontrollers, has already proven very reliable: 120 of the total of 900units have been running on the injection system for four months with nofailures.

Broadband solar radiometer data collected at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility during the ARM Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE) exhibits inconsistencies and inter-calibration offsets. This report examines these problems, and in some cases, suggests error sources and possible solutions. The data discussed here covers the period from September 28, 1995, through October 30, 1995.

We demonstrate that there are regions of parameter space in the next-to-minimal (i.e. two-Higgs-doublet, one-Higgs-singlet superfield) supersymmetric extension of the SM for which none of the Higgs bosons are observable either at LEP2 with $\sqrt{s}=192 GeV$ and an integrated luminosity of $L=1000inverse pb$ or at the LHC with $L=600 inverse fb$.

The Virasoro master equation (VME) describes the general affine-Virasoro construction $T=L^abJ_aJ_b+iD^a \dif J_a$ in the operator algebra of the WZW model, where $L^ab$ is the inverse inertia tensor and $D^a $ is the improvement vector. In this paper, we generalize this construction to find the general (one-loop) Virasoro construction in the operator algebra of the general non-linear sigma model. The result is a unified Einstein-Virasoro master equation which couples the spacetime spin-two field $L^ab$ to the background fields of the sigma model. For a particular solution $L_G^ab$, the unified system reduces to the canonical stress tensors and conventional Einstein equations of the sigma model, and the system reduces to the general affine-Virasoro construction and the VME when the sigma model is taken to be the WZW action. More generally, the unified system describes a space of conformal field theories which is presumably much larger than the sum of the general affine-Virasoro construction and the sigma model with its canonical stress tensors. We also discuss a number of algebraic and geometrical properties of the system, including its relation to an unsolved problem in the theory of $G$-structures on manifolds with torsion.

The design of the D0 single sided 3 chip ladder is shown in figures 1-3. The SVX II chips are mounted directly opposite the cooling channel so that they are most efficiently cooled. Outboard of the cooling channel on the ladder top side is mounted a flex hybrid of copper/kapton. which is adhered to a beryllium substrate using a two part epoxy. The beryllium substrate. aside from providing a solid mounting structure for the flex circuit. provides a thermal conduction path between the components on the hybrid which dissipate heat and the cooling channel. The thickness of the top and bottom beryllium substrates is selected based on the [expected] channel temperature. the power dissipation of the SVX II chips, the power dissipation of the hybrid passive components, and the maximum acceptable silicon temperature within the ladder. The thermal conductivity of the various materials within the ladder must be known to a fair degree of confidence in order to accurately simulate the ladder steady state cooling performance. The thermal conductivity of a number of ladder epoxy candidates was measured using a device at Lab D at Fermilab. Preliminary measurements at Lab D, using a similar setup. have been performed in order …

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I first emphasize the importance of searching for nucleon decay in the context of supersymmetric models. The status of minimal SUSY SU(5) model is reviewed, which can be definitively ruled out by a combination of superKamiokande andLEP-2 experiments. Non-minimal models may provide some suppression in the nucleon decay rates, but there is still a good chance for superKamiokande. I point out that the operators suppressed even by the Planck-scale are too large. We need a suppression mechanism for the operators at the level of 10-7, and the mechanism, I argue, may well be a flavor symmetry. A particular example predicts p --> K0e+ to be the dominant mode which does not arise in GUT models.

The degradation of fracture toughness, tensile, and Charpy-impact properties of Type 308 stainless steel (SS) pipe welds due to thermal aging has been characterized at room temperature and 290 C. Thermal aging of SS welds results in moderate decreases in Charpy-impact strength and fracture toughness. For the various welds in this study, upper-shelf energy decreased by 50-80 J/cm{sup 2}. The decrease in fracture toughness J-R curve or JIC is relatively small. Thermal aging had little or no effect on the tensile strength of the welds. Fracture properties of SS welds are controlled by the distribution and morphology of second-phase particles. Failure occurs by the formation and growth of microvoids near hard inclusions; such processes are relatively insensitive to thermal aging. The ferrite phase has little or no effect on the fracture properties of the welds. Differences in fracture resistance of the welds arise from differences in the density and size of inclusions. Mechanical-property data from the present study are consistent with results from other investigations. The existing data have been used to establish minimum expected fracture properties for SS welds.

A separate induction accelerator buncher following after the storage rings is one of the options for final bunch compression. The other option is to apply the bunching voltage within the ring, but this requires a low-frequency, high gradient accelerating structure within the ring and a large aperture, which are difficult to do and undesirable. The induction accelerator buncher option here differs from the bunching function in a standard induction accelerator scenario in that here, a separate buncher is required, whereas in the induction linac the bunching function is accomplished by ramping the acceleration voltages near the end of the machine. This is a minor difference, but one that allows consideration of a bipolar buncher, which has no net acceleration. The other major difference is that the currents per beam to be bunched are smaller than in the straight induction linac, permitting use of transversely smaller, and hence less expensive, structures.

The purpose and objective of this analysis are to expand the level of detail and confirm member sizes for steel sets included in the Ground Support Design Analysis, Reference 5.20. This analysis also provides bounding values and details and defines critical design attributes for alternative configurations of the steel set. One possible configuration for the steel set is presented. This analysis covers the steel set design for the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) entire Main Loop 25-foot diameter tunnel.

Cathode performance is critical to lithium ion rechargeable battery performance; effects of doping lithium manganese oxide cathode materials on cathode performance are being investigated. In this paper, Li diffusion in Al-doped LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} was studied and found to be controlled by the quantity of Al dopant. Electrochemical cycling was conducted at 0.5mA/cm{sub 2}; electrochemical impedance spectra were taken at open circuit potential, with impedance being measured at 65 kHz-0.01 Hz. As the Al dopant level was increased, the Li diffusion rate decreased; this was attributed to the decreased lattice parameter of the doped oxide.

This Acceptance Test Report presents the results of the acceptance test performed at the vendor shop on the monitors and control functions of the A-101 Saltwell Pumping PICS skid. This work supports the interim stabilization of tank 241-A-101.

This Acceptance Test Report presents the results of the acceptance test performed at the shop on the monitor and control functions of the AX-101 Saltwell Pumping PICS skid. This work supports the interim stabilization of tank 241-AX-101.

Our investigations of InGaAsP/GaAs system have shown that it is in many ways superior to the conventional AlGaAs/GaAs system. Lasers fabricated from InGaAsP/GaAs exhibit low facet overheating, high efficiency, good degradation characteristics, and high catastrophic optical damage (COD) limit. Our postgrowth technology provides stripe- contact lasers having very low series resistance and, therefore, high electrical-to-optical efficiency.

The operation and calibration of the ARM microwave radiometers is summarized. Measured radiometric brightness temperatures are compared with calculations based on the model using co-located radiosondes. Comparisons of perceptible water vapor retrieved from the radiometer with integrated soundings and co-located GPS retrievals are presented. The three water vapor sensing systems are shown to agree to within about 1 mm.

This report presents results of a suite of uniaxial compressive tests conducted to provide laboratory data to determine how radiation affects the compressive strength of Topopah Spring Tuff, which is the rock type for the proposed geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, in Nevada. The repository would be designed for storing spent fuel and other high-level radioactive wastes. We need to better understand what effect radiation has on the compressive strength of this type of rock because emplacement of radioactive waste may impose a radiation field on the rock that is exposed in the emplacement drifts and other excavations associated with the proposed repository. Thus, we must determine whether exposure to radiation will alter the mechanical strength or other geomechanical properties of the rock in the very near-field region of the repository. Until now, data describing the effect of radiation on tuff from the potential repository horizon have not been available. The approach taken was to precisely measure rock behavior in uniaxial compression on irradiated and non-irradiated samples of Topopah Spring Tuff. Identical procedures were used for preparing and testing the samples tested for radiation effects and those that were not irradiated, except for the exposure to gamma radiation. Results for …

A new method has been developed for characterizing the electrical performance of photovoltaic arrays. The method provides both a ``rating`` at standard reporting conditions and a rigorous yet straightforward model for predicting array performance at all operating conditions. For the first time, the performance model handles the influences of irradiance, module temperature, solar spectrum, solar angle-of-incidence, and temperature coefficients, in a practical way. Validity of the procedure was confirmed during field testing of a 25-kW array recently installed by Arizona Public Service Co. on Carol Spring Mountain (which powers microwave, ceullular phone, and TV communictions equipment). This paper describes the characterization procedure, measured array performance, and the predictive model.

The vast majority of contaminated sites in the United States and abroad are contaminated with chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as trichloroethylene (TCE), trichloroethane (TCA), and chloroform. These VOCs are mobile and persistent in the subsurface and present serious health risks at trace concentrations. The goal of this project was to develop a new chemical treatment system that can rapidly and effectively degrade chlorinated VOCs. The system is based on our preliminary findings that strong alkalis such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can absorb and degrade TCE. The main objectives of this study were to determine the reaction rates between chlorinated VOCs, particularly TCE, and strong alkalis, to elucidate the reaction mechanisms and by-products, to optimize the chemical reactions under various experimental conditions, and to develop a laboratory bench- scale alkaline destruction column that can be used to destroy vapor- phase TCE.

In this paper we have considered commercial biomass energy in the context of overall agriculture and land-use change. We have described a model of energy, agriculture, and land-use and employed that model to examine the implications of commercial biomass energy or both energy sector and land-use change carbon emissions. In general we find that the introduction of biomass energy has a negative effect on the extent of unmanaged ecosystems. Commercial biomass introduces a major new land use which raises land rental rates, and provides an incentive to bring more land into production, increasing the rate of incursion into unmanaged ecosystems. But while the emergence of a commercial biomass industry may increase land-use change emissions, the overall effect is strongly to reduce total anthropogenic carbon emissions. Further, the higher the rate of commercial biomass energy productivity, the lower net emissions. Higher commercial biomass energy productivity, while leading to higher land-use change emissions, has a far stronger effect on fossil fuel carbon emissions. Highly productive and inexpensive commercial biomass energy technologies appear to have a substantial depressing effect on total anthropogenic carbon emissions, though their introduction raises the rental rate on land, providing incentives for greater rates of deforestation than in the …

Rapid changes in parallel computing technology are causing significant changes in the strategies being used for parallel algorithm development. One approach is simply to write computer code in a standard language like FORTRAN 77 or with the expectation that the compiler will produce executable code that will run in parallel. The alternatives are: (1) to build explicit message passing directly into the source code; or (2) to write source code without explicit reference to message passing or parallelism, but use a general communications library to provide efficient parallel execution. Application of these strategies is illustrated with examples of codes currently under development.