This report summarizes the experimental results of some baseline imbibition tests on recovery of mineral oil at very strongly water wet conditions (VSWW) from sandstones with air permeability ranging from 80 to 360 md. Mixed wettability cores were prepared by adsorption from either Minnelusa or Gullfaks crude oil using either synthetic Minnelusa reservoir brine or sea water. Recovery of two synthetic-based mud (SBM) base oils, Petrofree(reg sign)SF and LVT 200 from mixed wettability cores gave results that correlated closely with results for refined oils with viscosities ranging from 3.8 to 84 cp. Two synthetic-based mud emulsifiers (LE SUPERMUL and EZ MUL(reg sign)NT) were added to mineral oil and tested for their effect on the wettability of MXW-F core samples as indicated by spontaneous imbibition. In both cases a significant decrease in water wetness was obtained.

We present an analysis of envelope perturbations evolving in the limit of a fully space-charge depressed (zero emittance) beam in periodic, thin-lens focusing channels. Both periodic solenoidal and FODO quadrupole focusing channels are analyzed. The phase advance and growth rate of normal mode perturbations are analytically calculated as a function of the undepressed particle phase advance to characterize the evolution of envelope perturbations.

Recent electroproduction results in the domain of s-channel mucleon resonance excitation are presented, and preliminary data in the search for missing states will be discussed. I also address a new avenue to pursue N* physics using exclusive deeply virtual Compton scattering, recently measured for the first time at Jefferson Lab and DESY.

We suggest that ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) and some of the variable low latitude EGRET gamma-ray sources may be two different manifestations of the same underlying phenomena: high-mass microquasars with relativistic jets forming a small angle with the line of sight (i.e. microblazars). Microblazars with jets formed by relatively cool plasma (Lorentz factors for the leptons up to a few hundreds) naturally lead to ULXs. If the jet contains very energetic particles (high-energy cutoff above Lorentz factors of several thousands) the result is a relatively strong gamma-ray source. As pointed out by Kaufman Bernads, Romero & Mirabel (2002), a gamma-ray microblazar will always have an X-ray counterpart (although it might be relatively weak), whereas X-ray microblazars might have no gamma-ray counterparts.

In May 2000 the Cerro Grande wildfire swept through Los Alamos, New Mexico, burning approximately 17,400 ha (43,000 acres) and causing evacuation of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the communities of Los Alamos and White Rock. An integral part of emergency response during the fire was the use of geographic information system (GIS) technology, which continues to be used in support of post-fire restoration and environmental monitoring. During the fire Laboratory GIS staff and volunteers from other organizations worked to produce maps and provide support for emergency managers, including at an emergency GIS facility in Santa Fe. Subsequent to the fire, Laboratory GIS teams supported the multiagency Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation (BAER) team to provide GIS data and maps for planning mitigation efforts. The GIS teams continue to help researchers, operations personnel, and managers deal with the tremendous changes caused by the fire. Much of the work is under the auspices of the Cerro Grande Rehabilitation Project (CGRP) to promote recovery from fire damage, improve information exchange, enhance emergency management, and conduct mitigation activities. GIS efforts during the fire provided important lessons about institutional matters, working relationships, and emergency preparedness. These lessons include the importance of (1) an integrated …

The Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron is a second generation medical accelerator that it has been designed with a repetition frequency of 30 Hz. This repetition frequency is far above the typical repetition frequency used in medical accelerators. An elliptical beam pipe has been chosen for the RCMS design in order to win as much physical aperture as possible while keeping the magnet dimensions as small as possible. Rapid Cycling induces Eddy current in the magnets. Eddy currents and elliptical beam pipes generate sextupole components that might be necessary to consider. In this paper, the effects of these sextupoles components are evaluated, first by looking at the phase space of a bunch of particles that has been tracked for 62530 turns, and also by evaluating the dynamical aperture of the accelerator. The effect of the sextupoles component in the tuneshift is also evaluated. First results obtained with Marylie show that the width of a phase space ellipse of a bunch of particles is slightly affected by the sextupoles due to the Eddy currents.

The values of orbit functions for accelerator lattices as computed with accelerator design programs may differ between different programs. For a simple lattice, consisting of identical constant-gradient bending magnets, the functions (horizontal and vertical betatron tunes, dispersions, closed orbit offsets, orbit lengths, chromaticities etc.) can be evaluated analytically. This lattice was studied with the accelerator physics tools SYNCH [1], COSY INFINITY [2], MAD [3], and TEAPOT [4]. It was found that while all the programs give identical results at the central design momentum, the results differ substantially among the various lattice tools for non-zero momentum deviations. Detailed results and comparisons are presented.

A future muon collider or neutrino factory requires fast acceleration to minimize muon decay. We have previously described an FFAG ring that accelerated muons from 10 to 20 GeV in energy. The ring achieved its large momentum acceptance using a low-emittance lattice with a small dispersion. In this paper, we present an update on that ring. We have used design tools that more accurately represent the ring's behavior at large momentum offsets. We have also improved the dynamic aperture from the earlier design.

This report summarizes the results of a safety research task to identify the safety issues and phenomenology of metallic dust fires and explosions that are postulated for fusion experiments. There are a variety of metal dusts that are created by plasma erosion and disruptions within the plasma chamber, as well as normal industrial dusts generated in the more conventional equipment in the balance of plant. For fusion, in-vessel dusts are generally mixtures of several elements; that is, the constituent elements in alloys and the variety of elements used for in-vessel materials. For example, in-vessel dust could be composed of beryllium from a first wall coating, tungsten from a divertor plate, copper from a plasma heating antenna or diagnostic, and perhaps some iron and chromium from the steel vessel wall or titanium and vanadium from the vessel wall. Each of these elements has its own unique combustion characteristics, and mixtures of elements must be evaluated for the mixture’s combustion properties. Issues of particle size, dust temperature, and presence of other combustible materials (i.e., deuterium and tritium) also affect combustion in air. Combustion in other gases has also been investigated to determine if there are safety concerns with “inert” atmospheres, such as …

A university laboratory experiment for the US Department of Energy magnetic fusion research program required a simulant for liquid lithium. The simulant choices were narrowed to liquid gallium and galinstan (Ga-In-Sn) alloy. Safety information on liquid gallium and galinstan were compiled, and the choice was made to use galinstan. A laboratory safety walkthrough was performed in the fall of 2002 to support the galinstan experiment. The experiment has been operating successfully since early 2002.

We consider the spectroscopy of heavy-quark light-quark mesons with a simple model based on the non-relativistic reduction of vector and scalar exchange between fermions. Four forces are induced: the spin-orbit forces on the light and heavy quark spins, the tensor force, and a spin-spin force. If the vector force is Coulombic, the spin-spin force is a contact interaction, and the tensor force and spin-orbit force on the heavy quark to order $1/m_1m_2$ are directly proportional. As a result, just two independent parameters characterize these perturbations. The measurement of the masses of three p-wave states suffices to predict the mass of the fourth. This technique is applied to the $D_s$ system, where the newly discovered state at 2.32 GeV provides the third measured level, and to the $D$ system. The mixing of the two $J^P=1^+$ p-wave states is reflected in their widths and provides additional constraints. The resulting picture is at odds with previous expectations and raises new puzzles.

We have augmented the code POSINST to include solenoidfields, and used it to simulate the build up of electron cloud due toelectron multipacting in the PEP-II positron ring. We find that thedistribution of electrons is strongly affected by the resonancesassociated with the cyclotron period and bunch spacing. In addition, wediscover a threshold beyond which the electron density growsexponentially until it reaches the space charge limit. The threshold doesnot depend on the bunch spacing but does depend on the positron bunchpopulation.

Operation of the Fermilab Main Injector is sensitive to magnetic field differences due to hysteretic effects. Measurements using the beam are reported with various current ramps. This will provide magnetic field information for accelerator operations with better ramp control than is available from magnet test facility data. This makes possible improved low field reproducibility with mixed 120 GeV and 150 GeV operation of the Main Injector.

Success in the application of the action and phase analysis to find linear errors at RHIC Interaction Regions [1] has encouraged the creation of a technique based on the action and phase analysis to find non linear errors. In this paper we show the first attempt to measure the sextupole components at RHIC interaction regions using the action and phase method. Experiments done by intentionally activating sextupoles in RHIC and in SPS [2] will also be analyzed with this method. First results have given values for the sextupole errors that at least have the same order of magnitude as the values found by an alternate technique during the RHIC 2001 run [3].

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Using high sensitivity visible-pump/THz-probe spectroscopywe investigate the dynamics of the complex optical conductivity inoptimally-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d films directly after photoexcitation. Thephotoinduced change in the imaginary part, indicative of a reduction inthe superconducting condensate density, saturates at higherlaser-fluences and shows a complete destruction of thecondensate.

Since the early 1950's Savannah River Site (SRS) has received over 100 million gallons of waste into the F and H Tank Farms, commonly known as the High Level Waste System (HLW) system. This waste was neutralized, insoluble sludge settled, and supernate was evaporated to form saltcake such that as of January 2003 only 37 million gallons of waste is stored in F and H tank farm. This waste contains approximately 417 million curies of radioactivity and includes approximately 3 million gallons of sludge and 34 million gallons of salt waste. Additionally, 5 million curies have already been dispositioned by the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) into glass canisters. The Accelerated Clean-up Plan (ACP)1 will result in the acceleration of risk reduction by emptying HLW tanks sooner, shipping HLW glass canisters and Transuranic Waste (TRU) to their geologic repositories sooner and decommissioning the F Canyon facilities and other excess facilities sooner. This document discusses the planned disposition of the material currently stored in the HLW System.

One of the critical issues for the development of Laser Wake Field Acceleration (LWFA), which has the promise of creating table-top, GeV accelerators, is the loading of beamlets into the accelerating buckets. All optical injection schemes, which include LILAC, beat-wave colliding pulse injection, wave breaking injection, and phase-kick injection, provide a technique for doing so. Although a single bunch can have desirable properties such as energy spread of the order of a few percent, femtosecond duration k and low emittance (<1 mm-mrad), recent simulations show that such methods lead to efficiencies of transfer of plasma wave energy to beam energy that are low compared with conventional RF accelerators when only a single pulse is generated. Our latest simulations show that one can improve on this situation through the generation of a beamlet train. This can occur naturally through phase-kick injection at the front of the train and transverse wave breaking for the trailing pulses. The result is an efficiency improvement of the order of the number of beamlets in the train.

The particle-in-cell code WARP has been used to simulate beam dynamics for the intense ion beam of the High Current Experiment. First a study was done of the dynamic aperture of the alternating-gradient electrostatic quadrupole lattice of the experiment, including nonlinearity due to image forces and imperfections of the focusing lattice field. It was found that particle loss, rather than emittance growth, determined the usable aperture. Simulations of transport in the High Current Experiment were then performed, and the results compared to measured data. We present the results of both of these studies.

The economies of East Asia are predominantly export based and, therefore, place special emphasis on the security of the sea lines of communication (SLOCs). Due to economic globalization, the United States shares these concerns. Cooperative measures by the concerned parties could reduce the potential for disruption by maritime conflicts. Primary threats against the SLOCs are disputes over the resources under the seas, disputes over some small island groups, disputes between particular parties (China-Taiwan and North-South Korea), or illegal activities like smuggling, piracy, or terrorism. This paper provides an overview on these threats, issue by issue, to identify common elements and needed cooperation. Cooperation on other topics such as search and rescue, fisheries protection, and oil spill response may help support improved relations to prevent maritime conflicts. Many technologies can help support maritime cooperation, including improved communications links, tracking and emergency beacon devices, and satellite imaging. Appropriate technical and political means are suggested for each threat to the SLOCs.

''smesh'' is a general purpose, interactive, 2D unstructured mesh generator based on Overture. It supports three kinds of mesh generation techniques: structured patches with transfinite interpolation (TFI); unstructured triangles based on an advancing front technique; and a Cartesian cutcell/triangle hybrid method. Meshes are generated in a generalized ''multi-block'' manner where each ''block'', or region, can be one of the three mesh types. Geometry definitions can be created interactively by placing points and interpolating curves. Spacing information is provided by both the curve discretization (which can be stretched) and a user specified preferred grid spacing for a region. A mesh optimization procedure is available for the non-TFI regions for mesh quality improvement. Each mesh region is given an unique identifier and an optional string name. Meshes are exported to a modified ''ingrid'' format including mesh region identifiers and names. Facilities for command scripting and batch running are available.

This paper contains three analytical solutions of transport problems which can be used to test ray-effect errors in the numerical solutions of the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE). We derived the first two solutions and the third was shown to us by M. Prasad [2]. Since this paper is intended to be an internal LLNL report, no attempt was made to find the original derivations of the solutions in the literature in order to cite the authors for their work. Before we embarked on this project, the only analytical solution known to us which could serve as a diagnostic test for ray-effects is the solution of an isotropic point source in a homogeneous non-scattering medium. However this solution is not an accurate test, because a point source is difficult to represent numerically. Thus it is useful for testing purposes to have an analytical solution of a localized volume source. The sources in the three problems below are isotropic spheres centered at the origin. Since ray-effect oscillations are the most pronounced for the transport in a vacuum (because the oscillations are not damped out by absorption), the absorption is set to zero in the regions exterior of the sources in the three …

Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids accumulated in the macula of the human retina and are known as the macular pigments (MP). These pigments account for the yellow color of the macula and appear to play an important role in protecting against age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The uptake of lutein and zeaxanthin in human eyes is remarkably specific. It is likely that specific transport or binding proteins are involved. The objective is to determine whether transthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein in human plasma and could thus deliver lutein from the blood to the retina. In this study, they used a biosynthetic {sup 13}C-lutein tracer and gas chromatography-combustion interfaced-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCC-IRMS) to gain the requisite sensitivity to detect the minute amounts of lutein expected as a physiological ligand for human transthyretin. The biosynthetic {sup 13}C-labeled lutein tracer was purified from algae. Healthy women (n = 4) each ingested 1 mg of {sup 13}C-labeled lutein daily for 3 days and a blood sample was collected 24 hours after the final dose. Plasma TTR was isolated by retinol-binding protein (RBP)-sepharose affinity chromatography and extracted with chloroform. The {sup 13}C/{sup 12}C ratio in the TTR extract was measured by GCC-IRMS. …

A model based on SUSY SO(10) combined with SU(2) family symmetry is constructed. In contrast with the commonly used effective operator approach, 126-dimensional Higgs fields are utilized to construct the Yukawa sector. R-parity symmetry is thus preserved at low energies. The symmetric mass textures arising from the left-light symmetry breaking chain of SO(10) give rise to very good predictions for quark and lepton masses and mixings. The prediction for sin2{beta} agrees with the average of current bounds from BaBar and Belle. In the neutrino sector, our predictions are in good agreement with results from atmospheric neutrino experiments. Our model accommodates the LMA solution to the solar neutrino anomaly. The prediction of our model for the |U{sub ev{sub 3}}| element in the MNS matrix is close to the sensitivity of current experiments; thus the validity of our model can be tested in the near future. We also investigate the coil-elation between the |U{sub ev{sub 3}}| element and tan{sup 2} {theta}{sub {center_dot}}, in a general two-zero neutrino mass texture.