A study was made of the properties of metal hydrides which may be suitable for use in chromatographic separation of hydrogen isotopes. Sixty-five alloys were measured, with the best having a hydrogen-deuterium separation factor of 1.35 at 60/sup 0/C. Chromatographic columns using these alloys produced deuterium enrichments of up to 3.6 in a single pass, using natural abundance hydrogen as starting material. 25 references, 16 figures, 4 tables.

This report describes the following: (1) the US Department of Energy Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage Program, (2) aquifer thermal energy storage technology, (3) alternative STES technology, (4) foreign studies in seasonal thermal energy storage, and (5) economic assessment.

A study of the concentrations, radiated power, and sources of impurities in the TMX-U plasma is presented. Three extreme ultraviolet (EUV) instruments were used: one monochromator that measures time-resolved radial profiles of a particular impurity line, and two time-resolving spectrographs that measure the time histories of several impurity lines in a single shot. The major impurities found in the TMX-U plasma are carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Titanium and silicon are also observed. The impurity concentrations are low, less than 1% and the radiated power is a small fraction of the input power. The major source of oxygen and nitrogen is the neutral beam injector. Wall conditioning, such as glow discharge cleaning and titanium gettering, decreases the impurity concentrations, particularly carbon. There does not seem to be an accumulation of impurities in the thermal barrier region under the present plasma conditions. Future experiments are discussed.

Present experiments on TMX-U and modeling of MFTF-B indicate that plasma-surface interactions can be controlled in MFTF-B. The MFTF-B configuration uses a hot electron population created by ECRH and a sloshing-ion population created by neutral beams in the thermal barrier region to create a potential that confines the central cell ions. Neutral beams and ICRH are used to heat the central cell ions. Plasma-surface interactions can be minimized at radial surfaces by control of the axial confinement of the edge plasma. The thermal barrier configuration is sensitive to the background neutral density, and requires low wall reflux and efficient shielding by the edge plasma. Glow discharge cleaning, titanium gettering, and control of the gas from neutral beams will be used to provide wall conditioning and to reduce the background gas pressure. The shielding efficiency of the plasma edge has been modeled in MFTF-B by comparing computer codes with current experimental measurements. In addition, it is very important to reduce high-energy neutral-beam-injected impurities; this is accomplished by using gettering or magnetic separation in the injector systems. Plasma-edge scrapers, diverter-like devices, and direct-conversion equipment will be located in the end region. Major disruptions are not anticipated. Finally, MFTF-B will also test some …

An injector system has been designed to provide a fully stripped oxygen beam for acceleration in the CERN PS complex. An ECR source will provide an O/sup 6/+ beam to a heavy ion RFQ accelerator. The beam from the RFQ will be further accelerated by the CERN Linac 1 (Old Linac) in the 2 ..beta.. lambda-mode to an energy of 12.5 MeV/u at which point it will be fully stripped for subsequent acceleration in the CERN synchrotrons. The specifications of the new equipment and modifications to the existing linear accelerator are described.

The use of ion beam and pulsed laser processing is reviewed for the near-surface modification of a wide range of materials. The techniques of ion implantation doping, ion beam and laser mixing, and pulsed-laser annealing are stressed with particular emphasis on the nonequilibrium aspects of these processing techniques and on new materials properties which can result. Examples are presented illustrating the utility of these techniques for fundamental materials research as well as practical surface modifications.

ATLAS, the Argonne Tandem-Linac Accelerator System, is a project to upgrade the existing Argonne superconducting linac heavy-ion booster which began providing beams of heavy-ions for experimental nuclear research in 1979. When completed ATLAS will provide beams of heavy ions up to approximately mass 130 at energies as high as 25 MeV/A. The construction of ATLAS is approximately 60% complete. First beam from the accelerator is expected in spring of 1985.

The deep inelastic electron scattering cross sections per nucleon sigma/sub A/ for d, He, Be, C, Al, Ca, Fe, Ag, and Au were measured in kinematic range 0.09 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.9 and 2 less than or equal to Q/sup 2/ less than or equal to 15 (GeV/c)/sup 2/ using electrons with energies ranging from 8 to 24.5 GeV. The ratio sigma/sub A//sigma/sub d/ is consistent with unity in the range 0.1 < x < 0.3. For 0.3 < x < 0.8, the ratio decreases logarithmically with atomic weight A, or linearly with average nuclear density. No Q/sup 2/ dependence in the ratio was observed over the kinematic range of the data. This has been interpreted as evidence for a change in the quark momentum distribution in the nucleus due to the presence of 6 quark clusters or a larger nucleon bag size. 13 references.

This engineering feasibility and predesign report on the Tumwater Falls and Dryden Dam Fish Passage Project provides BPA with information for planning purposes and will serve as a discussion document for interested agencies. Tumwater Falls and Dryden Dams, both on the Wenatchee River, were built in the early 1900's as diversions for hydropower, and irrigation and hydropower, respectively. The present fishway facilities at both sites are inadequate to properly pass the anadromous fish runs in the Wenatchee River. These runs include spring and summer chinook salmon, sockeye salmon, coho salmon and steelhead trout. Predesign level drawings are provided in this report that represent fishway schemes capable of adequately passing present and projected fish runs. The effects of present passage facilities on anadromous fish stocks is addressed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative treatment assesses losses of adult migrants due to the structures and places an estimated value on those fish. The dollar figure is estimated to be between $391,000 and $701,000 per year for both structures. The qualitative approach to benefits deals with the concept of stock vigor, the need for passage improvements to help ensure the health of the anadromous fish stock. 29 references, 27 figures, 5 tables.

We present grand unified theories in which the quark masses and mixing angles are calculated in terms of the lepton masses through simple group theory. The theories contain no small Yukawa couplings. A favored value of the top quark mass is 35 GeV.

The TeV I Beam Position Monitor (BPM) system is designed to provide a useful diagnostic tool during the commissioning and operational phases of the antiproton source. Simply stated the design goal is to provide single turn position information for intensities of > 1x10/sup 9/ particles, and multi-turn (clocked orbit) information for beam intensities of > 1x10/sup 7/ particles, both with sub-millimeter resolution. It is anticipated that the system will be used during commissioning for establishing the first turn through the Debuncher and Accumulator, for aligning injection orbits, for providing information necessary to correct closed orbits, and for measuring various machine parameters (e.g. tunes, dispersion, aperture, chromaticity). During normal antiproton operation the system will be used to monitor the beam position throughout the accumulation process.

New particle searches by TPC, MARK II, and MAC are reviewed. No evidence of supersymmetric particle production has been seen in two possible reactions. Improved lower bounds on the e mass have been set. The TPC search for charge (4/3)e particles is reported. 14 references.

This report includes results from five PEP detectors: DELCO, HRS, MAC, MARK II and TPC. All, except the TPC, are presently taking data at PEP. The TPC is being upgraded: a new superconducting coil is being installed and other improvements are being implemented. The results discussed here are either new or improved since the Cornell Conference. New results on Particle Searches and a limit on neutrino generations are discussed. New data are included on weak couplings of c and b quarks. Various new results on hadron production are reported. All data were obtained in e/sup + -/ collisions with total energy ..sqrt..s=29 GeV. 54 references.

Purpose of this report is to provide not only a summary of radiation damage studies at Sandia National Laboratories, but also of those in the literature on the components of optoelectronic systems: light emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes, photodetectors, optical fibers, and optical isolators. This review of radiation damage in optoelectronic components is structured according to device type. In each section, a brief discussion of those device properties relevant to radiation effects is given.

This annotated bibliography includes papers on atomic and molecular processes published during 1982. Sources include scientific journals, conference proceedings, and books. Each entry is designated by one or more of the 114 categories of atomic and molecular processes used by the Controlled Fusion Atomic Data Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory to classify data. Also indicated is whether the work was experimental or theoretical, what energy range was covered, what reactants were investigated, and the country of origin of the first author. Following the bibliographical listing, the entries are indexed according to the categories and according to reactants within each subcategory.

A three-dimensional finite-element method is used to investigate thermal convection in the earth's mantle. The equations of motion are solved implicitly by means of a fast multigrid technique. The computational mesh for the spherical problem is derived from the regular icosahedron. The calculation described use a mesh with 43,554 nodes and 81,920 elements and were run on a Cray X. The earth's mantle is modeled as a thick spherical shell with isothermal, free-slip boundaries. The infinite Prandtl number problem is formulated in terms of pressure, density, absolute temperature, and velocity and assumes an isotropic Newtonian rheology. Solutions are obtained for Rayleigh numbers up to approximately 10/sup 6/ for a variety of modes of heating. Cases initialized with a temperature distribution with warmer temperatures beneath speading ridges and cooler temperatures beneath present subduction zones yield whole-mantle convection solutions with surface velocities that correlate well with currently observed plate velocities. 8 references, 6 figures.

Unlike most of the specialities treated in this volume, control system design is still an art, not a science. These lectures are an attempt to produce a primer for prospective practitioners of this art. A large modern accelerator requires a comprehensive control system for commissioning, machine studies and day-to-day operation. Faced with the requirement to design a control system for such a machine, the control system architect has a bewildering array of technical devices and techniques at his disposal, and it is our aim in the following chapters to lead him through the characteristics of the problems he will have to face and the practical alternatives available for solving them. We emphasize good system architecture using commercially available hardware and software components, but in addition we discuss the actual control strategies which are to be implemented since it is at the point of deciding what facilities shall be available that the complexity of the control system and its cost are implicitly decided. 19 references.

Conventional spherical shell model calculations have been undertaken to describe /sup 90/Zr and /sup 88/Zr. Valence orbitals included the 1f/sub 5/2/, 2p/sub 3/2/, 2p/sub 1/2/, and lg/sub 9/2/ for protons, and lg/sub 9/2/ and 2d/sub 5/2/ for neutrons. For /sup 90/Zr, the number of lg/sub 9/2/ protons was less than or equal to 2. For the high spin even parity states of /sup 90/Zr, two calculations were performed, one with less than or equal to 4 (0) g/sub /9/2/ protons (neutron holes) and one with less than or equal to 2 (2) g/sub 9/2/ protons (neutron holes). For /sup 88/Zr, the number of particles in the g/sub 9/2/ shell was restricted to less than or equal to 10. For the high spin negative parity states, a calculation was done with up to 11 particles in the g/sub 9/2/ shell. A realistic two-body interaction was employed in this calculation. Predicted excitation energies are compared with experimental results, and for the lower lying positive parity states a comparison of electromagnetic transition rates is also made.

A review of the phases of stellar evolution relevant to Cepheid variables of both Types I and II is presented. Type I Cepheids arise as a result of normal post-main sequence evolutionary behavior of many stars in the intermediate to massive range of stellar masses. In contrast, Type II Cepheids generally originate from low-mass stars of low metalicity which are undergoing post core helium-burning evolution. Despite great progress in the past two decades, uncertainties still remain in such areas as how to best model convective overshoot, semiconvection, stellar atmospheres, rotation, and binary evolution as well as uncertainties in important physical parameters such as the nuclear reaction rates, opacity, and mass loss rates. The potential effect of these uncertainties on stellar evolution models is discussed. Finally, comparisons between theoretical predictions and observations of Cepheid variables are presented for a number of cases. The results of these comparisons show both areas of agreement and disagreement with the latter result providing incentive for further research.

Guidelines for using vegetation and rock to protect inactive uranium mill tailings from erosion were developed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory as part of the Department of Energy's Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project (UMTRAP) Technology Development program. Information on soils, climate, and vegetation were collected for 20 inactive tailings sites in the western United States. Sites were grouped according to similarities in climate and vegetation. Soil loss for those sites was characterized using the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Test plots were used to evaluate (1) the interaction between vegetation and sealant barrier systems and (2) the effects of surface rock on soil water and vegetation. Lysimeter and simulation studies were used to direct and support field experiments. 49 references, 17 figures, 16 tables.

The aim of this paper is to present calorimetric assay measurements that were performed on a set of high burnup plutonium samples using the Mound No. 150 twin resistance bridge calorimeter. The samples and the calorimeter are described in the first part of the paper and the experimental results are discussed in a second part. The isotopic composition, obtained by destructive analysis, was combined with the measured power values for the Pu-assay.

Sandia National Laboratories is currently involved in a number of experimental projects to provide data that will help quantify the threat of hydrogen combustion during nuclear plant accidents. Several experimental facilities are part of the Variable Geometry Experimental System (VGES). The purpose of this report is to document the experimental results from the first round of combustion tests performed at one of these facilities: a 5-m/sup 3/ cylindrical tank. The data provided by tests at this facility can be used to guide further testing and for the development and assessment of analytical models to predict hydrogen combustion behavior.

This paper presents the criteria, previous nuclear experience in space, analysis techniques, and possible breakup enhancement devices applicable to an acceptable SP-100 reentry from space. Reactor operation in nuclear-safe orbit will minimize the radiological risk; the remaining safeguards criteria need to be defined. A simple analytical point mass reentry technique and a more comprehensive analysis method that considers vehicle dynamics and orbit insertion malfunctions are presented. Vehicle trajectory, attitude, and possible breakup enhancement devices will be integrated in the simulation as required to ensure an adequate representation of the reentry process.

Bismuth Germanate (Bi/sub 4/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/), an inert, high Z, and non-hygroscopic material, with a short radiation length L/sub RAD/ = 1.1 cm, has been proposed as the scintillator in a 4..pi.. electromagnetic calorimeter at LEP. Recently long BGO crystals have become available and studies of the effect of radiation have been made by several groups. We report here on the decrease of the light output of long BGO crystals due to irradiation by /sup 60/Co ..gamma..-rays and 25 MeV electrons with doses from 50 to 5000 rad and on the performance of a 4 x 4 matrix of BGO crystals located at small angles (5 to 9 mrad, a high radiation environment) at the e/sup +/e/sup -/ storage ring PEP at SLAC. All crystals used are 2 x 2 x 23 or 2 x 2 x 24 cm/sup 3/, have all six faces polished, and are wrapped in white teflon tape. 9 references, 11 figures.