This note considers the application of CARTOP, constant amplitude rf to pulse converter, to obtain average and peak power gains in large e/sup + -/ rings. CARTOP is a scheme where energy storage and modulation converts a continuous radio frequency (rf) wave into periodic rf pulses. A system with CARTOP is shown. The modulated rf goes through an energy storing network (ESN) that contains at least one energy storing cavity (ESC), which acts as a flywheel. Between pulses, it takes energy from the klystron and during the pulse it delivers energy to an accelerating cavity (AC).

Samples of coal weighing approximately 200 grams placed in a collimated beam of neutrons from the thermal column of the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor produced capture gamma-rays which could be used for the simultaneous determination of sulfur and iron. Spectra from NaI(Tl) and Ge(Li) detectors were used and interferences were located by examining spectra of the major elemental components of coal. In determining sulfur, iron is a potential source of interference when gamma-ray spectra are collected with a NaI(Tl) detector. Corrections for iron interference were made by use of a higher energy iron peak. The possibility of determining silicon in coal was investigated but this element determination was unsuccessful since capture gamma-ray spectrometry lacked the necessary sensitivity for silicon. A linear relation was found between the area of the hydrogen capture peak at 2.23 MeV and the amount of water added to coal.

An aerial radiological survey to measure terrestrial gamma radiation was carried out over the United States Department of Energy's Battelle Nuclear Science Facility located in West Jefferson, Ohio. Gamma ray data were collected over a 5.5 km/sup 2/ area centered on the facility by flying east-west lines spaced 61 m apart. Processed data indicated that on-site radioactivity was primarily due to radionuclides currently being processed due to the hot lab operations. Off-site data showed the radioactivity to be due to naturally occurring background radiation consistent with variations due to geologic base terrain and land use of similar areas.

Inclusive studies of the electron content, kaon content, and associated electron-kaon content of the decays of D mesons and other charmed particles produced in electron-positron annihilation are presented. At the psi(3772) resonance the following inclusive branching ratios for D meson decays to charged kaons were measured. Also at the psi(3772) resonance the average semileptonic branching ratio for D/sup 0/ and D/sup +/ decays to electrons has been measured to be .076 +- .028. The average semileptonic branching ratio of charmed particles produced in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation at center-of-mass energies from 3.9 to 7.4 GeV is found to be equal within errors to that of the D's. At all energies the electron momentum spectra are consistent with a combination of the decays D ..-->.. Ke nu and D ..-->.. K*e nu. 84 references.

Value Engineering, simply defined, is a systematic approach to getting more for your money. It has been used to reduce the cost of a wide variety of products by the D.O.D. and in principle, should be applicable to various phases of the Neutral Beam Program. With respect to R and D, the principles of Value Engineering must be used with caution. They are most effective in evaluating directed development with very specific goals, but can be misleading when considering advanced innovative work.

This report describes advanced fuel cell research and development activities at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) during the period July--September 1978. These efforts have been directed toward understanding and improving the components of molten-carbonate-electrolyte fuel cells operated at temperatures near 925 K. The primary focus of this work has been the development of electrolyte structures that have good electrolyte retention and mechanical properties as well as long term stability, and on developing methods of synthesis amenable to mass production. The characterization of these structures and their stability is an integral part of this effort. Synthesis studies have concentrated on the use of low-cost starting material to synthesize ..gamma..-LiAlO/sub 2/, the most stable allotrope of LiAlO/sub 2/ for the fuel cell conditions. Thermal stability and thermomechanical tests were performed on electrolyte mixtures to determine the effect of cell operating conditions on electrolyte tile longevity. A square cell (10.6 cm) with an electrolyte tile containing ..gamma..-LiAlO/sub 2/ was tested. This tile was reinforced by a wire screen. Post-test examination of this cell after 1000 h of operation showed that the reinforced tile was considerably stronger than un-reinforced tiles. Future cells will utilize tiles with metal screen reinforcement.

RELAP4 is a computer code which can be used for the transient therm~l hydraulic analysis of light water reactors and related systems .. Various versions of the RELAP4 code are widely used throughout the world for experimental system analysis, reactor design,and nuclear system safety studies. RELAP4/MOD6 includes many new analytical models which were developed primarily for the analysis of the reflood phase of a PWR loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) transient. The key feature forming the basis for the MOD6 reflood calculation is a unique moving finite differenced heat conductor. This paper will describe the development and application of the moving heat conductor mesh for use in reflood analysis.

The nesting biology of the American coot was studied on low-level radioactive waste ponds located on the Hanford DOE Site and on control ponds located in the Columbia National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Washington from 1974 through 1976. The objective was to discover any differences in the nesting biology of the birds which could be attributed to the low-level radioactive wastes present in the Hanford DOE Site ponds. Coots nesting on the Hanford ponds and those nesting on the wildlife refuge were found to have similar nesting habits. Nesting habitats were similar for coots from both the control ponds and those exposed to radionuclides; all coots selected habitats in which the water level was moderate to shallow, and stable. Emergent aquatic plants such as cattail (Typha latifolia) and bulrush (Scirpus acutus) were characteristic of both habitats. There were no apparent differences in nesting chronology between birds from the different study sites; nests containing eggs were found from April through mid-June on most ponds. Clutch size showed no significant differences. The average number of eggs per nest for all ponds was 6.7. Egg and chick weights and percent hatching success were similar among coots from both study sites. Feeding habits of …

At Mississippi State University a research project was begun in 1976 to investigate the use of site-built solar collectors for heating air in poultry houses. The purpose of this work was to design and test a functional air heater solar collector which would be inexpensive to construct and acceptable to poultry producers. The results reported are an extension of the original concept. The basic concept is to use a pre-engineered metal building for the structure and incorporate the solar air heaters as an integral part of the south facing wall of the building. The outer skin of the building is used as the absorber plate for the collctors. Construction and testing of the solar collectors and heat storage systems are discussed, and the performance characteristics of the site-built solar collectors are described. (WHK)

The collective properties for the Z approximately greater than 50 transition region were studied via heavy-ion induced ..gamma..-ray experiments using /sup 6/ /sup 7/Li, /sup 10/B, /sup 12/ /sup 13/C, /sup 14/N, and /sup 16/O beams. The high-spin systematics for odd-mass /sup 113 -125/Sb (Z = 51), /sup 115 -127/I (Z = 53), /sup 119 -133/Cs (Z = 55), and /sup 125 -127/La (Z = 57) nuclei were obtained. Two collective features were observed, the first being systematic ..delta..J = 1 bands built on low-lying 1g/sub 9/2/ proton-hole states, and the second systematic ..delta..J = 2 bands built on 2d/sub 5/2/, 1g/sub 7/2/, and 1h/sub 11/2/ quasi-proton states. Unexpected properties were observed. 27 references.

This report was prepared at the request of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) to clarify the development status of the pressurized fluidized bed combustor (PFBC) and to place in perspective the problems which are yet to be solved before commercialization of the concept is practical. The report is viewed as preliminary to a more complete and comprehensive work to be carried out during FY 1979. An evaluation of the PFBC concept cites potential advantages over atmospheric pressure fluidized bed combustors (AFBC) in the areas of combustion efficiency, sulfur retention, furnace design, power plant efficiency, and others. The key disadvantage of unproven hot gas cleanup and associated gas turbine technology is discussed in considerable detail. A survey of existing and developing PFBC experimental facilities is presented plus some results from the experimental programs. Recent design studies for full-sized PFBC power plants are reviewed with emphasis on key design parameters. Results for similar AFBC design studies are presented in contrast. The general conclusion drawn from this preliminary survey is that the potential advantages of the PRBC used in conjunction with a high-temperature (850/sup 0/C (1560/sup 0/F)) gas turbine will be difficult to realize due primarily to the formidable task of developing adequate …

In order to determine the redistribution of trace and major elements and species during aboveground oil shale retorting, a comprehensive program was carried out for the sampling and analysis of feedstock, products, effluents, and ambient particulates from the Paraho Semiworks Retort. Samples were obtained during two periods in 1977 when the retort was operating in the direct mode. The data were used to construct mass balances for 31 trace and major elements in various effluents, including the offgas. The computed mass balances indicated that approx. 1% or greater fractions of the As, Co, Hg, N, Ni, S, and Se were released during retorting and redistributed to the product oil, retort water, or product offgas. The fraction released for these seven elements ranged from approx. 1% for Co and Ni to 50 to 60% for Hg and N. Approximately 20% of the S and 5% each of the As and Se were released. Ambient aerosols were found to be elevated near the retorting facility and associated crushing and retorted shale disposal sites. Approximately 50% of these particles were in the respirable range (< 5 ..mu..m). The elevated dust loadings are presented very local, as indicated by relatively low aerosol loadings at …

Processes which can lead to mobilization of brine adjacent to spent fuel or nuclear waste canisters and some of the thermomechanical consequences have been investigated. Velocities as high as 4 x 10/sup -7/ m s/sup -1/ (13 m y/sup -1/) are calculated at the salt/canister boundary. As much as 40 liters of pure NaCl brine could accumulate around each canister during a 10-year storage period. Accumulations of bittern brines would probably be less, in the range of 2 to 5 liters. With 0.5% water, NaCl brine accumulation over a 10-year storage cycle around a spent fuel canister producing 0.6 kW of heat is expected to be less than 1 liter for centimeter-size inclusions and less than 0.5 liter for millimeter-size inclusions. For bittern brines, about 25 years would be required to accumulate 0.4 liter. The most serious mechanical consequence of brine migration would be the increased mobility of the waste canister due to pressure solution. In pressure solution enhanced deformation, the existence of a thin film of fluid either between grains or between media (such as between a canister and the salt) provides a pathway by which the salt can be redistributed leading to a marked increase in strain rates …

There are two main problems associated with the concept of geologic storage of radioactive waste in fractured crystalline rock: (1) the thermo-mechanical effects of the heat generated by the waste, and (2) the potential for transport of radioactive materials by the groundwater system. In both problems, fractures play a dominant role. An assessment of the hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of fractued rock requires a careful series of laboratory and field investigations. The complexity of the problem is illustrated by the field studies in a fractured granite that are currently underway in an abandoned iron-ore mine at Stripa, Sweden. Much information is being gathered from an extensive series of boreholes and fracture maps. The approach being taken to integrate these data into an analysis of the fracture hydrology is reviewed and preliminary results from the hydrology program are presented. 13 figures.

Laboratory tests designed to evaluate the volatility of alkalies in finely-ground argillaceous minerals are reported. A method used to determine the sintering points of these minerals is described. In addition to six pure minerals which were studied, argillaceous materials which are more typical of cement-plant raw feed components were studied. The conclusions of this report are: at 1000/sup 0/C, a combination of CaCO/sub 3/ and CaCl/sub 2/ additives enables volatilizion in one-half hour up to about 50% of the total alkali from high-alkali feldspars. However, much less alkali was lost from the typical cement plant raw materials under the same conditions; the atmosphere in which the experiment was conducted may have a significant effect on the results, especially if there is S present in the system. Absence of O can lead to decomposition ofnormally involatile alkali sulfates. Fe Cl/sub 3/, may be lost from the sample. Losses are greatest in the absence of CaO and water vapor; sintering points of the pure minerals are above 1200/sup 0/C. Therefore, there is little danger of their sintering at 1000/sup 0/C, the presence of fluxing agents such as CaCl/sub 2/ may cause some sticking: and the use of vapor-phase compounds such as FeCl/sub …

Present techniques for measuring sound velocity in liquid metals have been limited by transducers that cannot survive in extreme temperatures for the long periods these techniques require. The report describes work on a dynamic noncontacting method intended to measure sound velocity in liquid uranium. Measurements were successful with liquid lead, but not with liquid uranium. Flat slab specimens were found to give much better response than cylindrical shapes.

The ideal MHD (macrostability) rationale for this configuration is reviewed and the associated drift velocity profiles (across and along B vector) are discussed. A new derivation of the Suydam criterion is given that clarifies the relevant physics. A number of specific examples is displayed. The drift velocity profiles are significant as regards the microstability properties of the profiles. The Suydam stability is seen to depend very sensitively on the position of the toroidal field reversal point.

Formal training in deburring is significant because it is so rare. This lack is particularly evident when one must obtain or train individuals who can finish sophisticated parts to exacting edge requirements. The paper describes the training program developed by one large company. The program is based on the production of sophisticated precision miniature parts requiring high levels of precision and care. The format of the training program and considerations involved are described.

Exploratory studies were conducted to assess the effect of the degree of coal conversion (i.e., a decrease in the amount of pyridine insolubles) in reacted coal - athracene oil mixtures. Particle size distribution data on the reacted mixtures show that the percentage of particulates < 10 ..mu.. in diameter increases gradually with conversion up to a conversion of about 85%. At higher conversions, the percentage of particulates < 10 ..mu.. in diameter increases dramatically in a near-step, function-like manner. The presence of small particulates are known to be a major cause of the low-filtration rates of coal liquefaction streams. Filtration experiments on the mixtures confirm that a relationship exists between filtration rates and conversion. Thus, the results of this work bear directly on the optimal design of two-stage liquefaction processes and could lead to improved design of processes such as SRC-I.

The utilization potential of geothermal resources in Trans-Pecos, Texas was assessed. The potential for both direct use and electric power generation were examined. As with the resource assessment work, the focus was on the Hueco Tanks area in northeastern El Paso County and the Presidio Bolson area in Presidio County. Suitable users of the Hueco Tanks and Presidio Bolson resource areas were identified by matching postulated temperature characteristics of the geothermal resource to the need characteristics of existing users in each resource area. The amount of geothermal energy required and the amount of fossil fuel that geothermal energy would replace were calculated for each of the users identified as suitable. Current data indicate that temperatures in the Hueco Tanks resource area are not high enough for electric power generation, but in at least part of the Presidio Bolson resource area, they may be high enough for electric power generation.

Four Explosive Light Source (aluminium powder and oxygen) tests were conducted on the test range at Sandia Laboratories in Albuquerque (SLA) from 28 February through 7 March 1978. Although several types of measuring devices were used, the report documents only the optical time histories measured by the bhangmeters and the NBDS, and explains the conclusions reached. In general, the four shots made it possible to gather clear-air optical transmission data, determine the suitability of ELS to simulate the optical effects of a nuclear burst, and provide experience for the larger scale ELS tests to be conducted at Fort Ord, CA in April.

The importance of experiments detecting more than one particle is pointed out. The production of nuclei far from stability in peripheral collisions and the expectations for the explosive disassembly of dense nuclear matter (nuclear fireball) and some evidence for it are related. Pion interferometry concerns the measurement of correlations in the momentum and energy of two identical pions; the subject is discussed in relation to incoherent production, coherent production, partially coherent production, final-state interactions, impact parameter average, and outlook. Much of the paper deals with an assessment of the possibility of determining the form of the hadronic spectrum in the high-mass region through nuclear collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. The subject is developed under the following topics: perspective, the initial fireball, isoergic equilibrium expansion of the fireball, quasi-dynamical expansion, quark matter, and the mass degree of freedom. The quasi-dynamical model obtained indicates that certain parameters, such as the ..pi../N and K/N ratios at high kinetic energy, will survive the collision; therefore, a determination of the asymptotic form of the hadron spectrum probably can be made by studying nuclear collisions at very high energies (10 GeV/nucleon in the center of mass). 16 figures. (RWR)

The gamma-ray component of the reactor radiation field can produce effects which impact strongly upon reactor design, shielding, and safety. Radiation effects arising from the gamma-ray component are induced by interaction of the absolute gamma-ray energy spectrum in the reactor environment. Hence, the most fundamental quantity underlying effects produced by the reactor gamma-ray field is the absolute gamma-ray energy continuum. To this end, the current status of Compton recoil gamma-ray spectrometry in Light Water Reactors (LWR) and Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR) environments is described. Particular emphasis is given to continuous gamma spectometry experiments in a LWR pressure vessel mockup at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Poolside Critical Assembly (PCA). Gamma spectrometry plans for FBR environments are outlined with special attention placed on start-up experiments in the Fast Test Reactor (FTR). Improvements in Compton recoil gamma-ray spectroscopy are presented.

The evolution of analytical techniques for application in trace analysis has led to interest in practical methods for real-time monitoring. Direct inlet mass spectrometry (DIMS) has been the subject of considerable activity in recent years. A DIMS instrument is described which consists of an inlet system designed to permit particles entrained in the inlet air stream to strike a hot, oxidized rhenium filament which serves as a surface ionization source. A mass analyzer and detection system then permits identification of the elemental composition of particulates which strike the filament.