The physical properties of thin films affect the performance and durability of nearly every solar energy conversion device. Familiar examples of thin films for solar applications are optical materials and protective coatings. Optimized optical properties are key to cost-effective photothermal conversion where individual components must have high absorptance, reflectance, or transmittance. The protection of sensitive substrates from corrosion and/or erosion is essential to ensure adequate component and system lifetime. Such substrates range from photovoltaic materials operating near room temperature to turbine blade structural alloys in hostile environments at very high temperatures (>1,000 degrees C). Although much has been written on particular categories of thin-film materials for solar energy (for example, absorbers for receiver surfaces), to date no one has provided an overview of the spectrum of applications for passive thin films in solar energy. This work is such an overview and also reviews the material state of the art as described in the current literature. Active thin film devices such as photovoltaics and thermoeleetrics are not discussed.

Using silk screened evaporated and sputtered Al as the metal source, the formation of Al back surface fields (BSF) was studied. The most satisfactory results were those obtained with the sputtered Al and in which open circuit voltages (V/sub oc/) of 0.585v (12 ..cap omega.. cm FZ silicon) have been achieved. The ultrasonic interconnect process is being verified. The process is generally satisfactory, but increased pull-strength may be obtained if some form of sintering is carried out on the metallized contacts. Plasma etching has been shown to be feasible as a replacement for wet chemical cleaning prior to diffusion. An IPEG calculation shows its cost to be $0.005/watt peak (1975$). Initial results on cells prepared by using electroless Pd/Ni plus either electroplated Ag or Cu have shown slightly poor performance than cells with the baseline evaporated Ti/Pd/Ag system. This is being further studied. A new mask has been designed for the 1.6 x 7.0 cm and 2.0 x 7.0 cm cells. This mask has a lower coverage and total lower resistive loss than the previous mask design. It is also shown that the cell width should not exceed 2.0 to 3.0 cm for optimum efficiency.

This report disucsses the development of on-line state and parameter estimators used to analyze the structural response of buildings. The estimator/identifier is an extended Kalman filter (EKF), which has been applied with great success in other technological areas. It is shown that the EKF can perform quite well on simulated noisy structural response data.

A description is presented of a study of the photodissociation dynamics of molecules in a molecular beam. Photo-fragmentation translational spectroscopy has been utilized to observe the photodissociation dynamics of ozone. Using a supersonic molecular beam and a 10 nanosecond pulsed laser at lambda = 266 nm, the velocities of the fragment products are measured by the method of time of flight. The resolution of the time of flight spectrum of ozone is sufficiently high that the electronic and vibrational states are clearly resolved and identified. Above the threshold (lambda < 310 nm), the quantum yield for the production of O(/sup 1/D) has been estimated in the past to be unity for the process O/sub 3/ (/sup 1/A/sub 1/) + h..nu..)lambda < 300 nm) ..-->.. O/sub 3/(/sup 1/B/sub 2/) ..-->.. O/sub 2/(/sup 1/..delta../sub g/) + O(/sup 1/D). However a small production of O/sub 2/ (/sup 3/..sigma../sub g//sup -/) + O(/sup 3/P) has been observed in this study. The O/sub 2/(/sup 1/..delta../sub g/) product yields four vibrational states (v = 0, 1, 2, 3) which yields a vibrational temperature of 2700/sup 0/K along with narrow energy distributions of rotational levels. These energy distributions are compared with photodissociation models along with the polarization …

Grain boundary precipitation was observed in a multipass GTA weld in 21-6-9 stainless steel. The precipitate was identified bby electron diffraction as Msub23 Csub6-type carbide. The presence of these carbide particles did not cause intergranular attack in standard corrosion tests.

A variable geometry test facility was constructed and an experimental program conducted to investigate the performance characteristics of the Trombe wall, passive solar heating system. The principal objective met in the research project was the determination of representative values of wall gap thermocirculation parameters for various wall geometries. Velocity and temperature profiles in the wall gap were obtained for 2, 4, and 6-inch gap widths. Maximum values for the Grashof number under measured flow conditions ranged approximately from 6 x 10/sup 5/ for the 2-inch gap to 1.5 x 10/sup 7/ for the 6-inch gap, indicating laminar flow and possibly the initiation of transitional flow regimes at the higher Grashof numbers. Turbulent flow behavior was not exhibited within the relatively broad range of test conditions studied in this research, conditions typical of one-story Trombe walls employing practical geometries. A second objective accomplished in this research was the characterization of the Trombe wall thermal efficiency for a variety of operating conditions and wall geometries. Using data collected under essentially clear-sky conditions, collector efficiency curves similar to those commonly used to describe the performance of flat-plate solar collectors were developed for the Trombe wall. The efficiency plots were determined for 2, 4, …

Of the many foreseeable problems confronting economical ocean thermal energy conversion operation, two major items are the deterioration of the structural and functional components, which prevents efficient operation, and the biofouling of the surfaces, which adds excess weight to the floating ocean platform. The techniques required for effective long-term control of deterioration and corrosion have been investigated actively for many years, and successful solutions for most situations have been developed. For the most part, these solutions can be directly transferred to the ocean thermal energy conversion plant. The majority of problems in these areas are expected to be associated with scale-up and will require some advanced development due to the immensity of the ocean thermal energy conversion platform. Current antifouling control systems are not effective for long-term fouling prevention. Commercially available antifouling coatings are limited to a 3-year service life in temperate waters, and even shorter in tropical waters. However, underwater cleaning techniques and some fouling-control systems presently being used by conventional power plants may find utility on an ocean thermal energy conversion plant. In addition, some recent major advances in long-term antifouling coatings sponsored by the Navy may be applicable to ocean thermal energy conversion. 132 references.

The Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) devotes a significant research effort to the application of solar technology in the industrial sector. It is well known that US industries consume a significant amount of energy, a large portion of which is required in a temperature range in which concentrating solar collectors work effectively. The SERAPH facility (Solar Energy Research and Applications in Process Heat) will provide at SERI the capability of addressing many of the technical issues that currently hamper industrial solar thermal energy system implementation. The primary building blocks of SERAPH are the solar delivery subsystem, control, and data acquisition subsystem (including sequencing and emergency supervision), energy distribution subsystem and two physical areas set aside for storage development and the introduction of load devices. Emphasis has been placed on creating a versatile test facility within which the solar industry can work with SERI in the development of solar systems that will be attractive to potential industrial users. SERAPH will have an initial capability of producing steam at a rate of 900 lb/h (410 kg/h) which corresponds to an energy delivery rate of 1.5 million Btu/h (1.6 x 10/sup 6/ kJ/h) at 430/sup 0/F (220/sup 0/C) with expansion capability to approximately …

The precipitation of metastable Ni/sub 3/X phases in the austenitic Fe--Ni-base alloys has been investigated by using various combinations of hardening elements, including Ti, Ta, Al, and Nb. The theoretical background on the formation of transition precipitates has been summarized based on: atomic size, compressibility, and electron/atom ratio. A model is proposed from an analysis of static concentration waves ordering the fcc lattice. Ordered structure of metastable precipitates will change from the triangularly ordered ..gamma..', to the rectangularly ordered ..gamma..'', as the atomic ratio (Ti + Al)/(Ta + Nb) decreases. The concurrent precipitation of ..gamma..' and ..gamma..'' occurs at 750/sup 0/C when the ratio is between 1.5 and 1.9. Aging behavior was studied over the temperature range of 500/sup 0/C to 900/sup 0/C. Typical hardness curves show a substantial hardening effect due to precipitation. A combination of strength and fracture toughness can be developed by employing double aging techniques. The growth of these coherent intermediate precipitates follows the power law with the aging time t : t/sup 1/3/ for the spherical ..gamma..' particles; and t/sup 1/2/ for the disc-shaped ..gamma..''. The equilibrium ..beta.. phase is observed to be able to nucleate on the surface of imbedded carbides. The addition of …

In recent years, high energy physicists have become increasingly interested in the possible spin effects at high energies. To study those spin effects, it is desirable to have beams with high energy, high intensity and high polarization. In this talk, we briefly review the present status and the prospects for the near future of high energy polarized beams. 30 refs.

The results of a comprehensive geological and geochemical study of the Socorro geothermal area are presented. The following are discussed: geologic setting, structural controls, stratigraphic controls, an ancient geothermal system, modern magma bodies, geothermal potential of the Socorro area, and the Socorro transverse shear zone. (MHR)

This article describes a MACSYMA program to compute symbolically a canonical linear transformation between coordinate systems. The difficulties in implementation of this canonical small physics problem are also discussed, along with the implications that may be drawn from such difficulties about widespread MACSYMA usage by the community of computational/theoretical physicists.

An analytical model of a martensitic transformation in an idealized body is constructed and used to carry out a computer simulation of the transformation in a pseudo-two-dimensional crystal. The reaction is assumed to proceed through the sequential transformation of elementary volumes (elementary martensitic particles, EMP) via the Bain strain. The elastic interaction between these volumes is computed and the transformation path chosen so as to minimize the total free energy. The model transformation shows interesting qualitative correspondencies with the known features of martensitic transformations in typical solids.

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This report summarizes the structural and thermal transient deformation analysis of the Intermediate Size Inducer Pump. The analyses were performed in accordance to the requirements of N266ST310001, the specification for the ISIP. Results of stress analysis indicate that the thermal transient stress and strain are within the stress strain limits of RDT standard F9-4 which was used as a guide.

Seventy-three papers are included, arranged under the following section headings: national programs for the disposal of radioactive wastes, waste from stability and characterization, glass processing, ceramic processing, ceramic and glass processing, leaching of waste materials, properties of nuclear waste forms, and immobilization of special radioactive wastes. Separate abstracts were prepared for all the papers. (DLC)

The Climb Induced Glide model (CIG) for irradiation creep is developed using a plastic flow law which has been successfully applied in the correlation of Type 316 stainless steel rupture data. This model is used to predict the stress and temperature dependence of irradiation creep and the transition from irradiation to thermal creep. The predictions of this model are compared and found to be qualitatively consistent with experimental data and microstructural information. This model allows prediction of deformation behavior covering strain rates from 1 x 10/sup -13/ sec /sup -1/ to 1 sec /sup -1/.

The extent of gas mixing and pressure drop within the core support block was experimentally investigated for various geometric and height configurations. These tests were conducted by the Experimental Engineering Branch of General Atomic Company. As a result of this investigation, the core support block thermal mixing and pressure drop has been quantified. Thermal mixing and the temperature sensor accuracy can be substantially improved at the cost of higher pressure drop. A 70-degree miter angle configuration is recommended for the reference design of the HTGR core support block (CSB). The recommended CSB height will depend on further evaluation of the possible range of variations in fuel region reactor conditions to be determmined by the Systems Engineering Department. The average temperature in a rodded region (a region with control rods in the lowered position) can be measured by the temperature sensor to within a 45/sup 0/F accuracy, a big improvement from an early CSB design tested by the Commissariat a La Energie Atomique at Saclay, France in 1974 and 1975.

Separate abstracts were prepared for 17 of the papers in these Proceedings. The remaining six have already been cited in ERA, and can be located by referring to the entry CONF-781174-- in the Report Number Index. (RWR)

This preliminary document provides information in a matrix format which lists technical and programmatic data concerning the various project sites selected for the National Solar Energy Demonstration Program. It incorporates into one handbook the commercial, residential, and other demonstration projects which are now a part of the national program. It can be used as a reference source for technical and research purposes on a state-by-state basis.

This preliminary document provides information in a matrix format which lists technical and programmatic data concerning the various project sites selected for the National Solar Energy Demonstration Program. It incorporates into one handbook the commercial, residential and other demonstration projects which are now a part of the national program. It can be used as a reference source for technical and research purposes on a state-by-state basis.

This volume documents the use and management of the file systems associated with the mainframes at the BNL Central Scientific Computing Facility. The basic tools for storing, using, and discarding files are documented as well as being described in terms of job control statements, but the user should be aware that there are FORTRAN subroutines and COMPASS macros to perform the same functions provided by the control statements. (RWR)

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The Oconee 1, cycle 5 fuel cycle was designed to irradiate five fuel assemblies to a burnup of approximately 40,000 MWd/mtU. The fuel cycle design was performed using standard Babcock and Wilcox calculational techniques for nuclear fuel cycles. All applicable design criteria were satisfied. Valuable experimental data on the performance characteristics of high-burnup fuel assemblies will be obtained from these assemblies in subsequent post-irradiation examinations.